Đề cương ôn thi học kì 2 môn Tiếng Anh lớp 12

VnDoc - Ti ti liu, bn phỏp lut, biu mu phớ CNG ễN TP MễN TING ANH LP 12 HC K I/ MODAL VERBS A MODALS IN ACTIVE COULD/ MAY/ MIGHT Could/ may/ might (cú th): ch mt kh nng-in t nhng gỡ m ngi núi cm thy cha chc chn lm - Maybe it will rain tomorrow Possibly, maybe = perhaps: cú l cú kh nng (ch d oỏn) Ex: I dont know where Lan is Maybe she is in her room I may go to the beach or stay at home in this summer holidays SHOULD: c dựng din t: - Mt li ngh, li khuyờn MUST: c dựng din t - Trỏch nhim hoc bn phn Must cú ngha mnh hn should Vi should ta cú mt s la chn lm hoc khụng lm nhng vi musts khụng cú s la chn Ex: - An automobile must have gasoline to run + mustnt ch s ngn cm Ex: You mustnt drive on the left HAVE TO Have to cú ngha gn nh must, nhng khụng mang tớnh bt buc m ch thy cn phi lm Ex: - I need some meat I have to go to the butchers - Does your father have to go at once? COULD/ MAY/ MIGHT + HAVE + P.P Hỡnh thc ny c dựng ch kh nng quỏ kh Ex: It may have rained last night, but Im not sure John might have gone to the movies yesterday SHOULD + HAVE +P.P Hỡnh thc ny ch mt bn phn, trỏch nhim c cho l xy quỏ kh, nhng vỡ mt lý no ú ó khụng xy Ex: John should have gone to the post office this morning (He did not go to the post office) Maria shouldnt have called John last night (she did call him) MUST + HAVE + P.P: ch mt s suy lun hp lý quỏ kh Jane did very well on the exam She must have studied hard Mary looks very tired She must have stayed up late last night B MODALS IN PASSIVE In the present: MODAL +BE + P.P In the past: MODAL + HAVE + BEEN + P.P II/ SO - THEREFORE BUT HOWEVER: SO : vỡ vy ( ch nguyờn nhõn, hu qu) => So khụng ng u cõu (trong vit), thng ng gia cõu v trc cú du phy Ex: The rain began to fall, so we went to home THEREFORE: vỡ th => Therefore ng u cõu, sau ú cú du phy => Therefore ng gia cõu, trc cú du chm phy, sau cú du phy hoc khụng cú, hoc cú du phy c trc v sau Ex: He broke the rules of the school; therefore he had to punished * CH í: So dựng thụng dng núi, therefore trang trng hn, thng dựng vit BUT: nhng ( ch s tng phn hon ton) => But khụng ng u cõu (trong vit), thng ng gia cõu v trc cú du phy Ex: It was midnight, but the restaurant was still open VnDoc - Ti ti liu, bn phỏp lut, biu mu phớ HOWEVER: nhiờn (nú th hin s nhng b, cng núi v s trỏi ngc nhng khụng i nghch hon ton, v ý nh nhn mnh phn sau hn phn trc) => However ng u cõu, sau ú cú du phy => However ng gia cõu, trc cú du chm phy, sau cú du phy hoc khụng cú Ex: Lan is a very good student; however Hung is much better than her * CH í: But dựng thụng dng núi, however trang trng hn, thng dựng vit III/ TRANSITIVE AND IN TRANSITIVE VERBS : NGOI NG T V NI NG T TRANSITIVE VERBS: NGOI NG T => L nhng ng t cn cú i tng tip nhn hnh ng(tõn ng) theo sau thỡ ngha ca cõu mi y => Phn thụng tin phớa sau ng t tr li cho cõu hi: AI, CI Gè => ride, find, finish, read, write, meet, kill, help, climb, clean, catch,teach, study, build, buy, sell, cook, paint, take, tell, watch Ex: He drove the boat very fast Ex: I met Ba at the bus stop early in the morning - INTRANSITIVE VERBS - NI NG T => L nhng ng t khụng cn cú i tng tip nhn hnh ng(tõn ng) theo sau ,m ngha ca cõu y => Phn thụng tin phớa sau ng t tr li cho cõu hi: U, KHI NO, NH TH NO => walk, sleep, grow, arrive, lie, rain, exist, occur, breathe, run,cry, go, fall, happen, sit, stand, swim, Ex: We walked down town after work yesterday Ex: The baby was crying in the room IV/ Comparison So sỏnh bng ( positive form) S + BE + AS + Adj + AS + Noun/ Pronoun/ clause Ex: * She is as tall as me S be adj pr * My hands were as cold as ice S + V + AS + Adv + AS + Noun/ Pronoun/ clause Ex: She sings as well as her sister V adv N S + V (not)+ as/ so + adj/ adv + as + Noun/ Pronoun/ clause Ex: This flat is not as/ so big as our old one I couldnt run as/ so fast as him ( as he runs ) * Notes: - so sỏnh bng hoc nh cũn cú th thay th bng cu trỳc the same as S + V (not)+ the same + ( Noun ) as+ Noun/ Pronoun Ex: Tom is as old as Mary = Tom is the same age as Mary Toms salary as much as Marys = Toms salary is the same as Marys - less than = not as/ so as (kộm hn, khụng bng) Ex: This dress is less expensive than that one = This dress isnt as / so expensive as that one - Khi núi gp bao nhiờu ln ta dựng cu trỳc: Twice as as; three times as.as Ex: Their house is about three times as big as ours Petrol is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago So sỏnh hn (comparative form) Tớnh t ,trng t ngn (short adj, adv): l nhng tớnh t,trng t cú õm tit hoc nhng tớnh t, trng t cú õm tit m kt thỳc bng - er, - ow, - y, - le S + V (not)+ short adj/adv + er + than + Noun/ Pronoun/ Clause VnDoc - Ti ti liu, bn phỏp lut, biu mu phớ EX: She is taller than me She runs faster than me Tớnh t, trng t di (long adj, adv): l nhng tớnh t hoc trng t cú t õm tit tr lờn S + V (not)+ more + long adj/adv + than + Noun/ Pronoun/ Clause Ex: Her watch is more expensive than mine Jane speaks English more fluently than me NOTES: so sỏnh hn cú th c nhn mnh bng cỏch thờm much hoc far trc hỡnh thc so sỏnh Ngoi a lot, a bit, a little, rather cng cú th c dựng cp so sỏnh hn EX: Her watch is much/ far more expensive than mine li thõn mt, tõn ng ca i t nhõn xng (me, you, us, them, her, him, it) thng c dựng sau as hoc than Ex: He is older than me Trong li trang trng, i t nhõn xng thng c dựng (thng i vi ng t hoc tr ng t) Ex: They have more money than we have Jane speaks English more fluently than I more v most c dựng thnh lp hỡnh thc so sỏnh ca cỏc trng t bng uụi ly (ngoi tr trng hp early.) mt s tớnh t hai õm tit cú th cú c hỡnh thc so sỏnh (-er/more v est/ most ) EX: Its too noisy here Can we go somewhere quieter/ more quiet? So sỏnh nht (superlative form) S + V (not) the + short adj/ adv + est + Noun Ex: Im the happiest man in the world S + V (not) the +most + long adj/ adv + Noun EX: Love is the most important thing So sỏnh kộp (double comparatives) so sỏnh ng tin (cng cng): din t s cựng thay i (tng thờm hoc gim i v s lng hoc mc ) ca s vic => THE + ADJ / ADV + ER + S +V, THE + ADJ / ADV + ER + S +V Ex: The bigger the room is , the better I feel => THE MORE+ ADJ / ADV + S + V, THE MORE+ ADJ / ADV + S + V Ex: The more polluted the water is , the more dangerous our lives become => THE MORE +N + S + V, THE MORE +N + S + V Ex: The more money he gets , the more food he buys => THE MORE + S + V , THE MORE + S + V Ex: The more I think , the more I worry EX: The more dangerous it is, the more I like it The older I get, the happier I am so sỏnh ly tin (cng ngy cng): din t s tng dn hoc gim dn cỏch liờn tc - er and er v more and more c dựng din t s tng dn S + V + short adj/ adv + er + and + short adj/ adv + er EX: Betty is younger and younger - less and less dựng din t s gim dn: VnDoc - Ti ti liu, bn phỏp lut, biu mu phớ He became less and less interested in politics V/ Phrasal verbs Cm động từ , động từ kèm với hai từ ( trạng từ giới từ) Với trạng từ , giới từ kèm mệnh đề động từ mang ý nghĩa khác Vd: - Look! There is a cat! - My mother looks after carefull Có bốn loại cụm động từ khác nhau: Loại 1: Động từ với tân ngữ trực tiếp - ngoại động từ Nếu tân ngữ trực tiếp danh từ, đứng trước đứng sau trạng từ Tuy nhiên, tân ngữ trực tiếp đại từ phải đứng trước đại từ V + Adverb +O look up, bring (sb) up, let(sb) down, make up, put off, put on, take off, take away, try on, turn down, work out, turn on, turn off Loại 2: Động từ với giới từ bổ ngữ trực tiếp- ngoại động từ Đối với cụm động từ không tách rời hai phần cụm động từ V + preposition +O She looks after her children properly Loại 3: động từ không với bổ ngữ trực tiếp - nội động từ Ta không tách rời hai phần cụm động từ V + Adverb Vd: break down , break up, get away, get by, go down, hold on, pass away, pass out, set off/ set out, stand out, take off Loaị 4: động từ bao gồm trạng từ giới từ Chúng cần bổ ngữ trực tiếp Ta không tách rời phần cụm động từ V + Adverb + preposition +O catch up with, come up against, come up with, face up to, fall in with, get along/on with, get out of, look up to, make up for, put up with, run out of, stand up for, stand up to VI/ ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME Mờnh trng ng ch thi gian l mụt mờnh ph, bt u bng mụt nhng liờn t ch thi gian nh: when, whenever, while, before, after, as soon as, just after, since When: ụng t mờnh when chia thỡ n * When + S + hiờn ti n, S + hiờn ti n * When + S + hiờn ti n, S + tng lai tip din Whenever ch hnh ụng thng xuyờn hiờn ti hoc liờn tc hiờn ti Ex: Whenever it rains hard, I dont go out When he opens the door, the dog runs into the house * When + S + hiờn ti n, S + tng lai n: ch hai hnh ụng xy tng lai ( nhng cú liờn t ch thi gian thỡ tng lai n c th bng hiờn ti n) Ex: When you see him tomorrow, he will give you a note When you come to my office tomorrow, I will be sitting at my desk * When + S + hiờn ti hon thnh, S + tng lai n: nhn mnh hnh ụng xy hon ton trc hnh ụng (vỡ cú liờn t ch thi gian thỡ tng lai hon thnh c thay th bng thỡ hiờn ti hon thnh) Ex: When I have finished my book, I will lend it to you * When + S + quỏ kh n, S + quỏ khỳ n: ch viờc xy liờn tc quỏ kh Ex: When he opened the door, the dog ran into the house * When + S + quỏ kh n, S + quỏ kh tip din: ch hnh ụng ngn, hnh ụng kộo di quỏ kh Ex: When he came home yesterday, she was still sleeping * When + S + quỏ kh n, S + quỏ kh hon thnh: hnh ụng xy sau, hnh ụng xy trc Ex: When I arrived at the station yesterday, the bus had just left While: khi, ụng t mờnh while luụn chia thỡ tip din * S + hiờn ti n + while + S + hiờn ti tip din VnDoc - Ti ti liu, bn phỏp lut, biu mu phớ Ex: He usually reads a newspaper while he is waiting for the bus * While + S + hiờn ti tip din, S + tng lai n Ex: While we are studying tomorrow, our principal will come to see our class * S + quỏ kh n + while + S + quỏ kh tip din Ex: Yesterday he read a newspaper while he was waiting for me * S + quỏ kh n, S + quỏ kh hon thnh + while + S + quỏ kh hon thnh tip din Ex: Yesterday I asked the librarian the book that the professor had recommended while he had been giving the history lesson Before: * Before + V_ing, S + V: ch t ging Ex: Before going to bed, I finished my homework * Before + S + quỏ kh n, S + quỏ kh hon thnh: hnh ụng xy sau, hnh ụng xy trc Ex: Before I went to bed last night, I had finished my homework * Before + S + hiờn ti n, S + hiờn ti n: hnh ụng xy liờn tc, thng xuyờn hiờn ti Ex: Before I go to bed, I usually finish my homework * Before + S + hiờn ti n, S + tng lai n: thỡ tng lai n c th bng thỡ hiờn ti n vỡ cú liờn t before Ex: Before you come tomorrow, I will finish my work Before + S + hiờn ti n, S + tng lai hon thnh: nhn mnh hnh ụng hon thnh trc hnh ụng tng lai Ex: Before the manage comes back next week, we will have finished the project After, just after: * After + V_ ing, S + V: ch t cõu ging Ex: After finishing my work, the officer went home * After + S + quỏ kh hon thnh, S + quỏ kh n Ex: After the worker had finished the work, he went home * After + S + hiờn ti n, S + tng lai n Ex: After he finishes the work tomorrow, he will go home * After + S + hiờn ti hon thnh, S + tng lai n: nhn mnh s viờc xy hon thnh trc s viờc tng lai Ex: After I have passed the next exam, I will go on holiday As soon as / Just as / Just after: sau * As soon as / Just as / Just after + S + quỏ kh hon thnh + S + quỏ kh n As soon as / Just as / Just after + S + quỏ kh n + S + quỏ kh n Ex: As soon as / Just as / Just after he had got / got home, the bell rang * As soon as + S + hiờn ti n, S + tng lai n: cú as soon as thỡ tng lai n => hiờn ti n Ex: As soon as he passes the exam next month, he will go on holiday * As soon as + S + hiờn ti hon thnh, S + tng lai n: nhn mnh s viờc hon tt trc s viờc Ex: As soon as he has finished his study, he will go for his holidays * As soon as + S + hiờn ti n, (please) + V1! / dont + V1! Ex: As soon as he comes here, please phone me Since: * S + hiờn ti hon thnh + since + S + quỏ kh n Ex: I have studied in this school since I moved to this town * S + hiờn ti hon thnh ( tip din ) + since + S + hiờn ti hon thnh ( tip din ): nhn mnh s viờc cũn tip tc n hiờn ti Ex: He has been selling the lottery since he has lived / has been living in this city No sooner than: Hardly when: va mi thỡ * No sooner + had + S + V3 + than + S + quỏ kh n * Hardly + had + S + V3 + when + S + quỏ kh n Ex: No sooner had he come home than the telephone rang Hardly had I arrived when it began to rain VnDoc - Ti ti liu, bn phỏp lut, biu mu phớ Exercise: REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES 1.Because I was sleepy, I took a nap SO It was cold, but I didnt put on my coat HOWEVER The nurse didnt bring Mr Hill a glass of water even though he asked her times BUT Because of his failure at the exam, Tim didnt want to meet anyone THEREFORE Red is a bright color, but cat cant see it EVEN THOUGH Complete the sentences Use the comparative form of one of the words in the list big early reliable serious thin I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed than usual Id like to have a _ car The one Ive got keeps breaking down Unfortunately, her illness was _ than we thought at first You look _ Have you lost weight? I want a flat We dont have enough space here Complete the sentences Use a superlative (-est or most) or a comparative (-er or more) We stay at the hotel in the town (cheap) Our hotel was than all the others in the town (cheap) The United States is very large but Canada is (large) Whats the river in the world? (long) What is the sport in your country? (popular) Everest is the _ mountain in the world It is than any other mountains (high) We had a great holiday It was one of the holidays were ever had (enjoyable) I prefer this chair to the other one Its (comfortable) Whats the way of getting from here to the station? (quick) 10 Mr and Mrs Brown have got three daughters The is 14 years old (old) Choose the best option that best completes each sentence: He is not tall as his father A the B as C than D more Johns grades are _than his sisters A higher B more high C more higher D the highest Deana is the _ of the three sisters A most short B shorter C shortest D more short She speaks English as _ as her friend does A good B well C better D the best Of the three shirts, this one is the _ A prettier B most prettiest C prettiest D most pretty Rewrite the following sentences using double comparative We got close to the fire we felt warm If the knife is sharp, it is easy to cut something with 3.Bill talked very fast I became confused Last year, when I met Mary, she was ugly.Now she has become very beautiful Whe you blow up a ballon, at first it small, the it becomes quite big Choose the most appropriate preposition to fill in each blank up after on off in Id like to listen to some music Would you please turn the radio ? 2.Please try to give smoking It is not good for your health Dont put your homework anymore the deadline is coming When I was young, my uncle looked me because my parents were abroad Before you enter the class, you need to fill this form so that we can have your personal information Rewrite the following sentences using the suggested word in the bracket VnDoc - Ti ti liu, bn phỏp lut, biu mu phớ 1.Is it true that you havent found a job yet? ( looking) I can just about live on this a mount of money ( get) You mustnt allow your troubles to depress you, you know ( get) I cant stand his behavior to me any more (put) This is one of the biggest problems historians have ever faced.( come) All the pupils respect their teacher (look) Im thinking about my next holiday with pleasure (look) She is always quareling with her brother ( get) The sheep kicked the gun by accident and it fired (go) 10.You dont need to wear your rain coat it is so hot here ( take) ... Loại 2: Động từ với giới từ bổ ngữ trực tiếp- ngoại động từ Đối với cụm động từ không tách rời hai phần cụm động từ V + preposition +O She looks after her children properly Loại 3: động từ không... is the same as Marys - less than = not as/ so as (kộm hn, khụng bng) Ex: This dress is less expensive than that one = This dress isnt as / so expensive as that one - Khi núi gp bao nhiờu ln ta... stand up for, stand up to VI/ ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME Mờnh trng ng ch thi gian l mụt mờnh ph, bt u bng mụt nhng liờn t ch thi gian nh: when, whenever, while, before, after, as soon as, just after,