Dùng cho các động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, trợ động từ và bắt đầu cụm từ bằng past participle).. Eg1.[r]
(1)SENTENCE COMBINATION 1 PART 1: GRAMMAR REVIEW
A RELATIVE CLAUSES I RELATIVE PRONOUNS - Đại từ quan hệ
SUBJECT
(Chủ từ) OBJECT(Túc từ) POSSESSION(Sở hữu)
FOR PERSONS
(Người) WHO WHOM WHOSE
THINGS, ANIMALS
(Vaät, vaät)
WHICH WHICH WHOSE
(OF WHICH) 1 WHO: Thay cho danh từ cụm danh từ người làm chủ từ câu phía sau:
EX: This is a man The man is my teacher This is the man WHO is my teacher
2 WHOM : Thay cho danh từ cụm từ người làm túc từ câu phía sau:
EX: This is a man You met him yesterday This is the man WHOM you met yesterday
The man is my father You saw the man yesterday The man WHOM you saw yesterday is my father
3 WHICH: Thay cho danh từ thú vật , việc, vật làm chủ từ lẫn túc từ câu phía sau. EX: The dog is very big The dog stands at the front gate
The dog WHICH stands at the front gate is very big. This is a book You gave me the book yesterday This is the book WHICH you gave me yesterday
4 WHOSE: Thay cho Tính Từ Sở Hữu (MY, YOUR, HER, HIS, OUR, THEIR) mà đứng trước danh từ người, vật, việc Whose ln kèm với Danh Từ
Chú ý: WHOSE VAØ OF WHICH:
Theo văn phạm cổ, WHOSE sở hữu dùng cho người cịn OF WHICH thay cho thú vật, vật, việc
EX: The man is my teacher His daughter is a good student The man WHOSE daughter is a good student is my teacher EX: The man is a teacher I like his daughter very much The man WHOSE daughter I like very much is a teacher EX: The table will be repaired The legs of the table are broken The table the legs OF WHICH are broken will be repaired 5 THAT
A Nhìn chung ta dùng THAT để thay cho WHO, WHOM, WHICH mệnh đề quan hệ giới hạn
B Không dùng THAT trường hợp sau:
Sau giới từ:
Ex: The dog is very big and angry I gave a bone to it The dog to which I gave a bone is very big and angry.
Chú ý: Nếu muốn dùng "THAT" ta đem giới từ phía sau
(2)Trong mệnh đề không giới hạn: (NON-RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE) (mệnh đề quan hệ có chứa dấu
phẩy)
C Bắt buộc dùng THAT :
+ Sau tiền trí từ hỗn hợp : (người vật lẫn lộn) (MIXED ANTECEDENT) Ex: The old man and two dogs made much noise They passed my house yesterday. The old man and two dogs that I passed my house yesterday made much noise. + Sau tính từ cực cấp (so sánh bậc = SUPERLATIVE)
Trong câu thường có THE BEST THE MOST. Ex: This is the most beautiful dress that I have
+ Sau từ sau:ALL, EVERY, VERY, ONLY, FIRST, LAST, MUCH, LITTLE, SOME, ANY, NO … Ex1: He reads every book that he can borrow
Ex : You are only person that can help me + Sau "IT + BE + …THAT = là" Ex: It is my friend that wrote this sentence
+ Sau Đại Từ Nghi Vấn (INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS) WHO WHAT? Ex 1: Who is she that you say hello?
Ex : What is it that makes you sad?
CAÙC TR Ạ NG T Ừ QUAN H Ệ
1 When: Laø trạng từ quan hệ thời gian, đứng sau tiền ngữ thời gian, dùng thay cho “at, on, in + which, then”
Eg: May Day is the day when people hold a meeting (= on which) I’ll never forget the day when I met her (=on which) That was the time when he managed the company (= at which)
2 Where: Laø trạng từ quan hệ nơi trốn, thay cho “at, on, in + which; there” Eg: That is the house where we used to live (= in which)
Do you know the country where I was born? Hanoi is the place where I like to come
3 Why: Laø trạng từ quan hệ lí do, đứng sau tiền ngữ “the reason”, dùng thay cho “for the reason” Eg: Please tell me the reason why you are so sad (= for which)
He told me the reason why he had been absent from class the day before
II RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE = DEFINING CLAUSE (Mệnh đề giới hạn)
Một mệnh đề tính ngữ gọi giới hạn cần thiết cho ý nghĩa câu Nếu bỏ câu khơng đầy đủ ý nghĩa
Chú y:ù trường hợp mệnh đề mệnh đề tính ngữ khơng có dấu phẩy (,) Ex: The book waas interesting I bought it yesterday
The book which I bought yesterday was interesting
III NON-RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE= NON - DEFINING CLAUSE (Mệnh đề khơng giới hạn)
Mệnh đề tính ngữ không giới hạn mệnh đề không cần thiết cho câu Nếu bỏ mệnh đề cịn đủ ý nghĩa Nó thêm vào mệnh đề chi tiết mà thơi
Chú ý: Giữa mệnh đề mệnh đề khơng giới hạn có dấu phẩy (,) Ex 1: Đan Trường is a famous singer I admire him very much
Đan Trường, who/whom I admire very much, is a famous singer Ex2: His sister lives in Paris She speaks French
His sister, who lives in Paris, speaksFrench Chú ý:Thường ta dùng dấu phẩy (,) sau:
(3)+ Danh từ riêng ,tên riêng Ha Noi, which Mary, who is + Có this ,that ,these ,those đứng trước danh từ : This book, which + Có sở hữu đứng trước danh từ : My mother, who is
+ Là vật biết : Sun ( mặt trời ), moon ( mặt trăng )The Sun, which 4/ Đặt dấu phẩy đâu ?
- Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ dùng dấu phẩy đặt đầu cuối mệnh đề
ex: My mother , who is a cook , cooks very well
- Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ cuối dùng dấu phẩy đặt đầu mệnh đề ,cuối mệnh đề dùng dấu chấm
ex: This is my mother, who is a cook
IV MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ NỐI TIẾP (WHICH as a connector)
- Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp dùng để giải thích câu, trường hợp dùng đại từ quan hệ which dùng dấu phẩy để tách hai mệnh đề Mệnh đề đứng cuối câu
Eg He admires Mr Brown, which surprises me Mary tore Tom’s letter, which made him sad
V DẠNG RÚT GỌN CỦA MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ: mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn theo cách: 1.
Using participle phrases (sử dụng phân từ)- Present participle (V-ing):
Dùng cho động từ mệnh đề quan hệ thể chủ động Ta dùng present participle phrase thay cho
mệnh đề (bỏ đại từ quan hệ trợ động từ, đưa động từ nguyên mẫu thêm –ing) Ex: The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle → The man sitting to you is my uncle
Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night? → Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night?
2.Using past participle: - Past participle (Ved/ V3):
Dùng cho động từ mệnh đề quan hệ thể bị động (Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, trợ động từ bắt đầu cụm từ past participle)
Eg1 The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting → The books written by To Hoai are interesting Eg2 The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy → The students punished by the teacher are lazy Eg3 The house which is being built now belongs to Mr Pike → The house built now belongs to Mr Pike
3.Using “to infinitive” or “infinitive phrase” (for sb to do): Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, bỏ chủ ngữ trợ động từ, bắt đầu cụm từ “infinitive”
Dùng danh từ đứng trứoc có chữ sau bổ nghĩa - ONLY, LAST, số thứ tự như: FIRST, SECOND Ex: This is the only student who can the problem => This is the only student to the problem Động từ HAVE/HAD
Ex; I have many homework that I must => I have many homework to
Đầu câu có HERE (BE),THERE (BE)
Ex: There are six letters which have to be written today => There are six letters to be written today
Ex:1 English is an important language which we have to master => English is an important language to master
2 There is a good restaurant where we can eat good food => There is a good restaurant to eat good food
3.That is the hotel where we can stay => That is the hotel to stay
4 Here is the form that you must fill in => Here is the form for you to fill in
4.Using noun phrases: mệnh đề quan hệ khơng xách định rút gọn cách dùng cụm danh từ.
(4)George Washington, the first presidentof the United States, was a general in the army Eg2: We visited Barcelona, which is a city in northern Spain
We visited Barcelona, a city in northern Spain
VI GIỚI TỪ ĐI VỚI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỀ
-Chỉ có hai đại từ quan hệ Whom which thường có giới từ kèm giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ cuối mệnh đề quan hệ
Eg1 The man about whom you are talkingis my brother The man (whom) you are talking about is my brother Eg2 The picture at which you are looking is very expensive
The picture ( which) you are looking at is very expensive
Chú ý:
-Khi giới từ đứng cuối mệnh đề quan hệ ta bỏ đại từ quan hệ dùng that thay cho whom và which mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.
-Khi giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ ta có khơng thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ có khơng thể dùng that thay cho whom which
VII Lưu ý mệnh đề quan hệ
1 Các đại từ quan hệ có chức tân ngữ mệnh đề quan hệ xác định lược bỏ Eg: Do you know the boy (whom) we met yesterday?
That’s the house (which) I have bought
-Tuy nhiên đại từ quan hệ có chức tân ngữ mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định lược bỏ Eg: Mr Tom, whom I spoke on the phone to , is very interested in our plan
2 Khi danh từ nói đến tân ngữ giới từ, ta đưa giới từ đứng trước đại từ quan hệ Trường hợp dùng Whom Which
EX: Miss Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a very nice teacher.
Mr Cater, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan. Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.
3 Chú ý cách dùng cấu trúc mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ: all, most, none, neither, any, either, some,
(a)few, both, half, each, one, two, several, many, much, + of which/whom
EX: Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers I tried on three pairs of shoes, none of which fitted me
He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer Two boys, neither of whom I had seen before, came into my class They have got two cars, one of which they seldom use
There were a lot of people at the meeting, few of whom I had met before
B CONJUNCTIONS
Liên từ (conjunctions) từ dùng để nối từ nhóm từ với (A conjunction is a word which joins words and groups of words).
Liên từ có chức liên kết từ, cụm từ mệnh đề miêu tả mối quan hệ thành phần liên kết (quan hệ phụ song lập).
1 Liên từ kết hợp (coordinating conjunctions)
* Dùng loại liên từ để nối từ loại cụm từ/ nhóm từ loại, mệnh đề ngang hàng (tính từ với tính từ, danh từ với danh từ )
* Gồm có: for, and, nor, but, or, yet * Ví dụ:
She is a good and loyal wife
Use your credit cards frequently and you'll soon find yourself deep in debt He is intelligent but very lazy
(5)We have to work hard, or we will fail the exam He will surely succeed, for (because) he works hard
That is not what I meant to say, nor should you interpret my statement as an admission of guilt
* Chú ý: dùng liên từ kết hợp để nối hai mệnh đề, thêm dấu phẩy sau mệnh đề thứ trước liên từ.
Ví dụ: Ulysses wants to play for UConn, but he has had trouble meeting the academic requirements
2 Tương liên từ (correlative conjunctions)
* Một vài liên từ thường kết hợp với từ khác để tạo thành tương liên từ Chúng thường sử dụng theo cặp để liên kết cụm từ m ệ nh đề có chức tương đương mặt ngữ pháp
* Gồm có: both and…(cả….và…), not only but also… (khơng chỉ…mà cịn…), not but, either or (hoặc ), neither nor (không….mà không…), whether or (liệu ….hay…., hoặc… hoặc….) , as as, no sooner… than…(vừa mới….thì…)
* Ví dụ:
They learn both English and French He drinks neither wine nor beer
I like playing not only tennis but also football I don't have either books or notebooks
I can't make up my mind whether to buy some new summer clothes now or wait until the prices go down
3 Liên từ phụ thuộc (subordinating conjunctions)
* Loại liên từ phụ thuộc nối kết nhóm từ, cụm từ mệnh đề có chức khác - mệnh đề phụ với mệnh đề câu
* Ví dụ liên từ sau nghĩa kèm theo chúng:
- As:
+ “Bởi vì”: As he is my friend, I will help him + “Khi”: We watched as the plane took off
- After: sau khi
Eg: After the train had left, we went home
- Although/ though: mặc dù Eg: Although it was after midnight, we did not feel tired - Before: trước khi Eg: I arrived before the stores were open
- Because: vì Eg: We had to wait, because we arrived early
- If: nếu, giá như
Eg: If she is here, we will see her
- Providing/ provided: miễn là Eg: All will be well, providing you are careful
- Since
+ “Từ khi”: I have been here since the sun rose + “Bởi vì”: Since you are here, you can help me - So/ so that
+ “Bởi vậy”: It was raining, so we did not go out
+ “Để” (= in order that): I am saving money so I can buy a bicycle
- Supposing (= if) Eg: Supposing that happens, what will you do?
- Than: so với Eg: He is taller than you are
- Unless: Nếu…không Eg: Unless he helps us, we cannot succeed
- Until/ till: khi Eg: I will wait until I hear from you
- Whereas: Trong khi Eg: He is short, whereas you are tall
- While
+ Khi: While it was snowing, we played cards
(6)+ Mặc dù: While I am not an expert, I will my best
As if = in a similar way Eg: She talks as if she knows everything
As long as: miễn là, cần
+ Eg: As long as we cooperate, we can finish the work easily
- As soon as: khi Eg: Write to me as soon as you can
- As though = in a similar way Eg: It looks as though there will be a storm
- In case: Trong trường hợp Eg: Take a sweater in case it gets cold. - Or else = otherwise: khơng thì
Eg: Please be careful, or else you may have an accident
- So as to = in order to: để Eg: I hurried so as to be on time
Chú ý: Ngoài liên từ, sử dụng trạng từ liên kết therefore, otherwise, nevertheless, thus,
hence, furthermore, consequently… Ví dụ:
We wanted to arrive on time; however, we were delayed by traffic I was nervous; therefore, I could not my best
We should consult them; otherwise, they may be upset
C1 CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF RESULT (Mệnh đề cụm từ kết quả)
Mệnh đề cụm từ kết thành phần phụ nêu lên kết hành động mệnh đề gây
1/ Clause of result: SO/ SUCH
Cấu trúc câu có mệnh đề kết sau :
- S + V+ SO + ADJ / ADV + THAT + S + V (……… ……….đến nỗi ……….) - S + V + SUCH + ( A/ AN ) + ADJ + NOUN + THAT + S + V (….quá ….đến nỗi………) EX : It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything
The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at home
There are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one
* NOTES:
so many/ few + plural noun + that………. so much/ little + uncountable noun + that…….
so + adj +a/an + singular noun + that………
Ex : The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseket ball team
He has invested so much money in the project that he can’t abandon it now 2/ Phrase of result: TOO/ ENOUGH
Câu có cụm từ kết có cấu trúc sau :
- S + V+ TOO + ADJ / ADV ( FOR + O ) + TO INFINITIVE (… Quá ………đến nỗi ( ) không thể…) - S + V+ ADJ / ADV + ENOUGH + ( FOR +O) + TO INFINITIVE (………đủ ( cho ) làm điều ……) Ex: 1/ He is so short that he can’t play basketball
He is too short to play baseket ball He isn’t tall enough to play baseket ball 2/ It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything
(7)C2 PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF PURPOSE
(Cụm từ mệnh đề mục đích) I Cụm từ mục đích:
Khẳng định: S + V + to / in order to / so as to + V1 …
Ex: He went to France to study French.
He does morning exercises in order to improve his health.
Phủ định: S + V + in order not to / so as not to + V1 …
Ex: She is hurrying so as not to miss the bus.
Lưu ý: Nếu có NOT để NOT trước TO, nhiên mẫu TO không áp dụng trường hợp có NOT.
Ex1: I study hard I want to pass the exam
-> I study hard in order to / so as to /to pass the exam Ex2: I study hard I don’t want to fail the exam -> I study hard in order not to fail the exam Đúng -> I study hard so as not to /to fail the exam Đúng -> I study hard not to fail the exam Sai
* For + Noun: 7hem để nói đến mục đích làm việc đó.
I went to the store for some bread.
* For + O + to-inf 7hem để nói đến mục đích liên quan hành động người khác
I gave him my address I wanted him to write to me → I gave him my address for him to write to me.
II Mệnh đề mục đích: - Khẳng định:
S + V + so that / in order that + S + will / can / would / could …+ V1
Ex: I’ll try my best to study English so that I can find a better job.
- Phủ định:
S + V + so that / in order that + S + won’t / can’t / couldn’t / wouldn’t …+ V1
Ex: I put the milk in the fridge in order that it won’t spoil.
Note: Khi mệnh đề mệnh đề trạng ngữ mục đich khơng chủ từ khơng nên 7hem
cụm từ mục đích; 7hem for + O + to-inf Ex: I left the door unlocked so that my son could get in. Or: I left the door unlocked for my son to get in.
III/ Cách nối câu :
1) Dùng SO THAT/IN ORDER THAT : ÁP DỤNG CÓ CHỦ NGỮ)
ex1: I’m studying hard I want to keep pace with my classmates.
I’m studying hard so that I can keep pace with my classmates. S1 + V + O S2 + want/like/hope + to + V0 + O
S1 + V + O so that S2 + can/could/will/would + V0 + O
sau want/ like/ hope to ta bỏ chúng thay can/could/will/would ex2: Alice prepares her lessons carefully She wants to get high marks in class
………. -Nếu sau chữ want, like, hope có túc từ lấy túc từ làm chủ từ
ex3: I give you the book I want you to read it.
(8)S1 + V + O S2 + want/like/hope +O + to + V0 + O
S1 + V + O so that O->S2 + can/could/will/would + V0 + O
sau want/ like/ hope O đến to ta bỏ chúng thay can/could/will/would, sau đem O lên thay cho S2
ex4: Please shut the door I don’t want the dog to go out of the house
……….
2) Dùng IN ORDER TO/SO AS TO/TO : ÁP DỤNG CÙNG CHỦ NGỮ)
S1 + V + O S2 + want/like/hope + to + V0 + O
S1 + V + O In Order To/So As To/To trước V0 + O
( S1 = S2 Bỏ S2, bỏ want/like/hope + to 8hem In Order To/So As To/To trước V0 + O )
I study hard I want to pass the exam -> I study hard in order to pass the exam
S1 + V + O S2 + want/like/hope +O + to + V0 + O
S1 + V + O In Order for O To/So As for O To + V0 + O
( S1 = S2 Bỏ S2, bỏ want/like/hope + to 8hem In Order for O To/So As for O To V0 + O )
I give you the book I want you to read it -> I give you the book so that you can read it
C3 PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON
(Cụm từ mệnh đề lý do) I Phrases of reason (Cụm từ lý do)
Because of + V-ing / Noun / pronoun
(vì / vì)
Ex: We didn’t go out because of the cold weather.
II Clauses of reason (Mệnh đề lý do) Because / As / Since + S + V
(vì / vì)
Ex: They can’t go out because / as / since it is very cold outside
III Cách rút gọn mệnh đề lý sang cụm từ lý do 1 … because + đại từ + be + adj
→ because of + tính từ sở hữu + N
Ex: He failed the exam because he is lazy He failed the exam because of his laziness.
2 …because + N + be + adj → because of + the + adj + N
Ex: They can’t go fishing because the weather is bad They can’t go fishing because of the bad weather.
3 …because + S + V + O
→ because of + V-ing + O (thường dùng chủ ngữ giống nhau)
Ex: She got ill because she worked hard She got ill because of working hard.
4 …because + there be + N
→ because of + a/ an/ the + N
(9)C4 PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF CONCESSSION (cụm từ mệnh đề mâu thuẫn)
I Phrases of concession:
In spite of / Despite + N / N phrase / V-ing phrase (dù/ mặc dù)
e.g In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holidays II Clauses of concession:
Although / Though / Even though + S + V (dù/ mặc dù)
e.g Although it rained heavily, we went to school on time Notes:
1 In spite the fact that / Despite the fact that + S + V
(dù/ mặc dù)
e.g I couldn’t sleep despite the fact that I was very tired. 2 adj / adv./ noun + though / as + S + V
(dù/ mặc dù)
e.g Rich as he is, he is unhappy.
3 No matter + what / who / when / where / how(adj / adv.) + S + V
Whatever +( N) + S + V
Whoever / Whenever / Wherever / However(adj./ adv.) + S + V
e.g No matter who you are, I still love you. Whatever you say, I don’t believe you. However much he eats, he never gets fat. PART 2: EXERCISES
Choose the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question We are talking about the girl She used to be a Miss World.
A The girl about whom we are talking used to be a Miss World B We hardly know a girl who used to be a Miss World
C The girl who used to be a Miss World said that she knew you D We know the girl who used to be a Miss World
Question Basketball is a game It is played mainly in the United States. A Basketball is a game played mainly in the United States B Basketball is a game playing mainly in the United States C Basketball is a game to be played mainly in the United States D Basketball is a game to play mainly in the United States
Question The old man is working in this factory I borrowed his bicycle yesterday
A The old man is working in this factory which I borrowed his bicycle yesterday B The old man whom is working in this factory I borrowed his bicycle yesterday C The old man whom I borrowed his bicycle yesterday is working in this factory D The old man whose bicycle I borrowed yesterday is working in this factory
Question This is my opinion You can nothing to change it
A You can nothing to change it my mind B There’s nothing you can to change my mind
C There’s nothing can be done except changing my mind D You can everything to change it my mind
Question The man is my teacher I am grateful to him
(10)C The man is my teacher who I am grateful B The man whom I am grateful to is my teacher D The man to him I am grateful is my teacher
Question Ngoc is friendly We are talking about her
A Ngoc, we are talking about, is friendly C Ngoc, about her we are talking, is friendly B Ngoc, whom we are talking about, is friendly D Ngoc, about whom we are talking, is friendly
Question That is the student I borrowed his book last week
A That is the student I borrowed whose book last week C That is the student, whose book I borrowed last week B The student whose book I borrowed that is
D That is the student whose book I borrowed last week
Question We like the computer We bought it yesterday
A We like the computer which we bought it yesterday C We like the computer we bought yesterday
B We like the computer we bought which yesterday D The computer we like we bought yesterday
Question Sue lives in a house The house is opposite my house. A Sue lives in a house where is opposite my house B Sue lives in a house which is opposite my house C Sue lives in a house who is opposite my house D Sue lives in a house and which is opposite my house
Question 10 The plants may develop differently The plants live on that island. A The plants live on that island may develop differently B The plants which lives on that island may develop differently C The plants that live on that island may develop differently D The plants that live on that island may develop different
Question 11 John Montagu was an English Earl He invented the sandwich.
A John Montagu, whose invented the sandwich, was an English Earl B John Montagu, who invented the sandwich, was an English Earl C John Montagu, that invented the sandwich, was an English Earl D John Montagu, invented the sandwich, was an English Earl
Question 12 I read a book It was written by a friend of mine.
A I read a book which it was written by a friend of mine B I read a book whose was written by a friend of mine C I read a book which was written by a friend of mine D I read a book was written by a friend of mine Question 13 This man studies biology What you call him?
A What you call a man who studies biology? B What you call a man, who studies biology? C What you call a man studies biology? D What you call a man whom studies biology?
Question 14 Hemingway developed a very concise writing style His name is well- known throughout the world. A Hemingway, his name is well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style B Hemingway, whose is name well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style C Hemingway, whose name is well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style D Hemingway, who developed a very concise writing style, his name is well- known throughout the world
(11)D There was a candle to be burnt in the room
Question 16 He hurried to the station He didn’t want to miss the train. A he hurried to the station so that he couldn’t miss the train B he hurried to the station in order to he couldn’t miss the train
C he hurried to the station not to miss the train D all are correct Question 17 She went to the library She could borrow some books.
A She went to the library so as to borrow some books B She went to the library that she could borrow some books C She went to the library so that she could borrow some books D A and C are correct
Question 18 We got on well when we shared a flat I’m quite younger than her, though A We got on well when we shared a flat in spite of the difference in our old B We got on well when we shared a flat despite her being much older than me
C We got on well when we shared a flat in spite of the fact that I was much older than her D We got on well when we shared a flat although the difference in our age
Question 19 They decided to go for a picnic It was very cold. A Because it was very cold, they decided to go for a picnic B However cold it was, they decided to go for a picnic C If it had been cold, they would not have gone for a picnic D It was very cold so they decided to go for a picnic
Question 20 She just put the telephone down Her boss rang back. A She put the telephone down and her boss rang back B Her boss rang back, but she put the telephone down
C Hardly had she put the telephone down when her boss rang back
D She had put the telephone down, so she let it ring when her boss rang back Question 21 He looked very funny Thus, I couldn’t help laughing.
A I couldn’t laugh because he looked so funny B I laughed because he looked so funny
C I couldn’t help him laugh because he looked so funny D He looked too funny for me to laugh
Question 22 I am studying mathematics And physics, too. A I like both mathematics and physics
B Mathematics and physics are my favorite subject C I am studying both mathematics and physics
D I am not studying mathematics but I am studying physics Question 23 He arrived at the airport Immediately, he called home.
A No sooner had he arrived at the airport than he called home B He arrived at the airport and called to take him home C He arrived at the airport sooner than he had expected D Calling home, he said that he had arrived at the airport
Question 24 John has a pain on his leg As a result, he can’t play football and run fast A John not only plays football but also runs fast because of a pain on his leg B John neither plays football nor runs fast because of h a pain on his leg C John either plays football or run fast because of a pain on his leg D John both plays football and runs fast because of a pain on his leg
Question 25 John doesn’t play tennis David doesn’t play tennis.
A Both John and David doesn’t play tennis B Neither John nor David plays tennis C Not either John or David play tennis
D Not only John but also David doesn’t play tennis
Question 26 He loved her so much He couldn’t forgive her for what she had done.
(12)C He didn’t forgive her for what she had done as he loved her very much D She loved him very much, so he forgave her for what she had done
Question 27 Peter cannot go out for lunch His car is broken.
A In spite of his broken car, Peter goes out for lunch B If his car is not broken, Peter will go out for lunch C If his car were not broken, Peter could go out for lunch D Unless his car were not broken, Peter could go out for lunch
Question 28 He tried hard He didn’t succeed
A In spite of trying hard, he didn’t succeed
B Even though he tried hard, but he didn’t succeed
C Despite he tried hard, he didn’t succeed
D In spite of he tried hard, he didn’t succeed
Question 29 The garden is small They can’t play football in it.
A The garden is so small not to play football in B The garden is small enough to play football in C The garden isn’t big enough to play football in
D The garden is such small that they can’t play football in
Question 30 It rained during the match Nevertheless, we enjoyed ourselves all the same
A It rained during the match and we did not enjoy the match B It rained during the match and we enjoyed it less
C It rained during the match however we enjoyed it in the same way as others D It rained during the match; however, we enjoyed it
Question 31 Donald could not help weeping He heard the bad news.
A Donald could not stop himself from weeping at the bad news B Donald could not allow himself to weep at the bad news C Donald could not help himself and so he wept
D Donald could not help himself because he was weeping Question 32 She is learning English She wants to get a better job.
A She is learning English so that she get a better job B She is learning English so as she gets a better job C She is learning English in order she can get a better job
D She is learning English so that she will be able to get a better job Question 33 She was very old She looked very grateful.
A Despite she was very old, she looked very grateful B Despite her old age, she looked very grateful C In spite of very old, she looked very grateful D In spite her being old, she looked very grateful Question 34 She was too busy She couldn’t answer the phone.
A Because she was very busy, she couldn’t answer the phone
B Because she was very busy, she could answer the phone C Although she was very busy, she couldn’t answer the phone
D Although she was very busy, she could answer the phone Question 35 We felt cold We kept walking.
A Despite feeling cold, but we kept walking B Although we felt cold, we kept walking C However cold we felt, but we kept walking D However we felt cold, we kept walking
(13)A In spite of telling lies, I believe her B In spite her telling lies, I believe her C In spite of her telling lies, I believe her D In spite of her tell lies, I believe her
Question 38 He is intelligent He doesn't well at school. A Despite being intelligent, he doesn't well at school B In spite he is intelligent, he doesn't well at school C Although his intelligence, he does well at school D In spite of intelligent, he doesn't well at school Question 39 We stayed in that hotel We couldn’t stand the noise.
A Despite the hotel is noisy, we stayed there B We stayed in the noisy hotel and we liked it C Although the hotel was noisy, we stayed there D Because of the noise, we stayed in the hotel
Question 40 His legs were broken he managed to get out of the car before it exploded. A Despite his legs to be broken, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded B Despite his broken legs, he was able to get out of the car before exploding
C Despite his legs were broken, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded D Despite of his broken legs, he managed to get out of the car before it exploded Question 41 I usually drive to work Today I go by bus.
A Although I can drive to work, I go by bus today B Although I can go by bus, I drive to work today C Instead of driving to work, I go by bus today D Instead of going by bus, I drive to work today
Question 42 The woman was too weak She couldn’t lift the basket A She was so weak that she couldn’t lift the basket
B The woman shouldn’t have lift the basket because she was so weak C Although she was very weak, she could lift the basket
D The woman lift the basket, so she wasn’t very weak
Question 43 The test was too difficult We couldn’t finish it in two hours. A It was such a difficult test that we couldn’t finish it in two hours B The test was too difficult for us to finish in two hours
C The test was not easy enough for us to finish it in two hours D All are correct
Question 44 She didn’t make any mistakes in her answers It is because of her carefulness. A Because her carefulness she didn’t make any mistakes in her answers
B Because she was careful, she made many mistakes in her answers C Because she was careful, she didn’t make any mistakes in her answers D Because she was careful, so she didn’t make any mistakes in her answers Question 45 We can leave today We can leave tomorrow - whichever you prefer.
A We can leave neither today nor tomorrow B We can leave either today or tomorrow C We can leave both today and tomorrow D We can't leave either today or tomorrow Question 46 You don’t leave now I will call the police.
A Either you leave now I will also call the police! B Either you leave now but I will call the police! C Either you leave now or will I call the police! D Either you leave now or I will call the police! Question 47 Cuban food is tasty Cuban food is nutritious
A Cuban food is both tasty and nutritious B Cuban food tasty as well as nutritious
(14)D A, B, C are correct
Question 48 We may go to The Fish House for lunch We may go to Bahama Breeze for lunch. A We may go to both The Fish House and Bahama Breeze for lunch
B We may go to neither The Fish House nor Bahama Breeze for lunch C We may go to either The Fish House or Bahama Breeze for lunch D We may go to The Fish House and Bahama Breeze for lunch Question 49 It rained yesterday It also snowed yesterday.
A It both rained but snowed yesterday
B It not only rained but also snowed yesterday C It neither rained nor snowed yesterday D It either rained or snowed yesterday
Question 50 That day was too hot We decided to stay indoors.
(15)SENTENCE COMBINATION 2 Choose the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question You saw the smoke It came from the hills.
A You saw the smoke which comes from the hills B You saw the smoke coming from the hills C You saw smoke who came from the hills
D You saw the smoke which came from the hill
Question I have just bought a television set It is made in Japan
A I have just bought a television set which made in Japan B I have just bought a television set who is made in Japan C I have just bought a television set whose made in Japan D I have just bought a television set made in Japan
Question The building was decorated by Mr Pike It looks terrible
A The building which decorated by Mr Pike looks terrible B The building whose decorated by Mr Pike looks terrible C The building decorating by Mr Pike looks terrible D The building decorated by Mr Pike looks terrible
Question The book is very expensive My father is interested in it
A The book in which my father is interested is very expensive B The book which in my father is interested is very expensive C The book which my father is interested is very expensive D The book in that my father is interested is very expensive
Question I apologized to the boy I borrowed the book from him
A I apologized to the boy which book I borrowed B I apologized to the boy who book I borrowed
C I apologized to the boy whose book I borrowed D I apologized to the boy whom book I borrowed
Question The bridge was designed by French architects It is very nice
A The bridge was designed by French architects is very nice B The bridge to design by French architects is very nice C The bridge designing by French architects is very nice D The bridge designed by French architects is very nice
Question That man is a newcomer in our company Do you know him?
A That man is a newcomer in our company Do you know whom? B That man who is a newcomer in our company Do you know him? C Do you know him that man is a newcomer in our company? D Do you know that man who is a newcomer in our company?
Question John Smith is a farmer I bought his land.
A John Smith, who is a farmer, bought his land B John Smith, who is a farmer, whose land I bought C John Smith, whom I bought his land, is a farmer D John Smith, whose land I bought, is a farmer
Question I like the teacher I learnt English with her in high school.
A.I like the teacher with whom I learnt English in high school B I like the teacher whom I learnt English with in high school C I like the teacher that I learnt English with in high school D all are correct
Question 10 The house is for sale I was born is in it.
(16)Question 11 This is the battle field The soldiers fought there.
A This is the battle field which the soldiers fought B This is the battle field that the soldiers fought
C This is the battle field where the soldiers fought there D This is the battle field where the soldiers fought
Question 12 He was born in 1983 There was a severe drought that year.
A He was born in 1983 when there was a severe drought B He was born in 1983 when was there a severe drought C When there was a severe drought in 1983 he was born D He was born in 1983, there was a severe drought when
Question 13 Flies come mostly in the summer They carry diseases.
A Flies, to come mostly in the summer, carry diseases B Flies, come mostly in the summer, carry diseases C Flies, coming mostly in the summer, carry diseases D Flies, that come mostly in the summer, carry diseases
Question 14 I see a boy He is running in the street.
A I see a boy running in the street B I see a boy to running in the street C I see a boy to run in the street D None is correct
Question 15 He drew from the bag a watch I had given him that watch for his birthday.
A He drew from the bag a watch given for his birthday B He drew from the bag a watch been given for his birthday C He drew from the bag a watch had given for his birthday D He drew from the bag a watch had been given for his birthday
Question 16 Steward brought some drivers One of the them came over to me.
A One of the drivers that were brought by Steward came over to me B One of the drivers was brought by Steward came over to me C One of the drivers brought by Steward came over to me D One of the drivers bring by Steward came over to me
Question 17 My brother is a factory worker He talked with you yesterday.
A My brother, who talked with you yesterday, is a factory worker B My brother, that talked with you yesterday, is a factory worker C My brother, with whom talked you yesterday, is a factory worker D All are correct
Question 18 Tom took a taxi He was still late for the party.
A In spite of Tom took a taxi, he was still late for the party B Tom was still late for the party in spite of taking a taxi C Despite took a taxi, Tom was still late for the party D B & C are correct
Question 19 The book was so good I couldn’t put it down.
A It was so a good book that I couldn’t put it down B It was such a good book that I couldn’t put it down C The book was so good for me to put it down D B & C are correct
Question 20 Tom was late So was Ann
A Not only Tom but Ann were late B Neither Tom nor Ann was late C Both Tom and Ann are late D Both Tom and Ann were late
Question 21 She didn't write She didn't phone
A She neither wrote nor phoned B She either wrote or phoned C She both wrote and phoned D She neither wrote or phoned
Question 22 Jim is on holiday So is Carol.
(17)B Both Jim and Carol aren’t on holiday C Not only Jim but also Carol are on holiday D Neither Jim nor Carol is on holiday
Question 23 John doesn't smoke He doesn't drink.
A John both smokes and drinks B John neither smokes nor drinks C John either smokes or drinks D B & C are correct
Question 24 Jim hasn't got a car Carol hasn't got a car, either.
A Both Jim and Carol have got car B Neither Jim nor Carol has not got car C Both Jim and Carol have not got car D Either Jim or Carol has got car
Question 25 It was a very boring film It was very long, too.
A It was both boring and long film B It was neither boring nor long film C It was both boring but long film D It was not only boring and long film
Question 26 Is that the man's name Richard? Or is it Robert? It's one of the two.
A The men's name is either Richard or Robert B The men's name is both Richard and Robert C The men's name is neither Richard or Robert D The men's name is either Richard nor Robert
Question 27 I haven't got idea to go on holiday And I haven't got the money.
A I haven't got neither idea nor the money to go on holiday B I haven't got both idea but also the money to go on holiday C I have got both idea and the money to go on holiday D I haven't got both idea and the money to go on holiday
Question 28 She felt jealous She tried to hide her feelings.
A Despite of feeling jealous, she tried to hide her feelings B Despite her jealousy, she tried to hide her feelings
C She tried to hide her feelings in spite the fact that she felt jealous D Although she tried to hide her feelings, she felt jealous
Question 29 That day was very nice We went for a hike in the mountain.
A It was so a nice day that we went for a hike in the mountain B It was such nice a day that we went for a hike in the mountain C It was so nice a day that we went for a hike in the mountain D It was such a day nice that we went for a hike in the mountain
Question 30 I’m so tiny The coat doesn’t fit me
A The coat is too large for me to wear B The coat is too much for me to wear C The coat is too small for me to wear D The coat is so much for me to wear
Question 31 I spoke slowly The foreigner could understand me.
A I spoke slowly so that the foreigner could understand me B I spoke slowly in order to the foreigner could understand me C I spoke slowly that the foreigner could understand me D I spoke slowly to make the foreigner could understand me
Question 32 Jean leaves or stays Frank doesn’t care about it.
A Whatever Jean does is all right with Frank B Frank wants Jean to stay
C Jean will stay, but Frank wants her to leave D Jean wants to leave unless Frank stays
Question 33 In the field of psychology, people study human behavior They also examine animal behavior.
A Not only is studied human behavior in the field of psychology but animal behavior is examined as well B Not only is human behavior studied in the field of psychology but animal behavior is examined as well C Not only did human behavior study in the field of psychology but animal behavior is examined as well D Not only human behavior studied in the field of psychology but animal behavior is examined as well
Question 34 My father just sat down for lunch There was a knock at the door.
(18)Question 35 Ha Long Bay is well-known for its beauty That’s why it receives many visitors every year.
A Because Ha Long Bay is well-known for its beauty, so it receives many visitors every year
B In spite of the fact that Ha Long Bay is well-known for its beauty, it receives many visitors every year C Because of Ha Long Bay is well-known for its beauty, it receives many visitors every year
D Due to the fact that Ha Long Bay is well-known for its beauty, it receives many visitors every year
Question 36 I found his lecture on wildlife conservation extremely interesting It made me astonished.
A Contrary to expectations, his lecture on wildlife conservation was the most fascinating of all
B I was fascinated by what he said in his lecture on wildlife conservation though I hadn’t expected to be C It was at his lecture on wildlife conservation that I realized I needed to study it
D I hadn’t expected him to lecture on wild life conservation, but he spoke well
Question 37 I witnessed Chanchu when I was a child I have not experienced such a hurricane ever since.
A I have not experienced such a hurricane as Chanchu since I was a child B It was not until a child that I experienced such a hurricane as Chanchu C I hadn’t experienced such a hurricane as Chanchu in my childhood D Since I was a child have I experienced so terrible a hurricane as Chanchu
Question 38 Magellan never completed the first circumnavigation of the world Most of his crew never did as well.
A Magellan never completed the first circumnavigation of the world, and most of his crew didn’t too B Magellan never completed the first circumnavigation of the world, and neither most of his crew did C Magellan never completed the first circumnavigation of the world, and most of his crew didn’t also D Magellan never completed the first circumnavigation of the world, and neither did most of his crew
Question 39 The water began to go up The families were told to evacuate their houses immediately.
A The families were told to evacuate their houses immediately at the time when the water began to go up B The families were told to evacuate their houses immediately when the water began to rise
C The families were told to evacuate their houses immediately when up was going the water D The families were told to evacuate their houses immediately in the time when the water raised
Question 40 She passed the university entrance exam This made her parents proud.
A She passed the university entrance exam, what made her parents proud B She passed the university entrance exam when made her parents proud C She passed the university entrance exam, who made her parents proud D She passed the university entrance exam, which made her parents proud
Question 41 He is a clever mimic He can imitate most of the lecturers in his college.
A He is a clever mimic who can take in most of the lecturers in his college B He is a clever mimic who can take off most of the lecturers in his college C He is a clever mimic which can take over most of the lecturers in his college D He is a clever mimic which can take up most of the lecturers in his college
Question 42 “I met my long-lost brother At that moment, I was at a loss for words.”
A When the speaker met his brother, he was puzzled about what to say B When the speaker met his brother, he had much to say
C When the speaker met his brother, he refused to say anything D when the speaker met his brother, he had nothing pleasant to say
Question 43 Switch off all the lights Then you can leave.
A Switch off all the lights after you will leave the room B Switch off all the lights until you enter the room C Switch off all the lights before you leave the room D Switch off all the lights by the time you enter the room
Question 44 The thief touched my car The alarm went off right then.
A No sooner the thief had touched my car than the alarm went off B No sooner the thief touched my car than the alarm went off C No sooner had the thief touched my car than the alarm went off D No sooner touched the thief my car than the alarm went off
Question 45 Beth misses her family so much She does not want to stay any longer
(19)B Beth feels such homesick that she does not want to stay any longer C Homesick though Beth may feel that she does not want to stay any longer D A little homesick does Beth feel that she does not want to stay any longer
Question 46 Spain has won the championship It is not surprising
A Spain has won the championship what is not surprising B Spain has won the championship, which is not surprising C Spain has won the championship, it is not surprising D Spain has won the championship, how is not surprising
Question 47 I have two sisters They two are nurses.
A I have two sisters, both of whom are nurses B I have two sisters, most of whom are nurses C I have two sisters, one of them are nurses D I have two sisters, most of them are nurses
Question 48 She was the first woman in the Philippines She was elected as the president of the country
A She was the first woman who is elected as the president of the Philippines B She was the first woman to be elected as the president of the Philippines C She was the first woman elected as the president of the Philippines D She was the first woman being elected as the president of the Philippines
Question 49 It is more enjoyable to play a sport than to watch it on TV I think so.
A In my view, playing a sport is as enjoyable as watching it on TV B As far as I know, more people watch a sport on TV than they play it C In my opinion, to play a sport is more enjoyable than to watch it on TV D I think watching a sport on TV is more enjoyable than playing it
Question 50 They were very poor The children seemed happy.
A The children seemed happy because they were very poor B The children were very poor, so they seemed happy C Despite their poverty, the children seemed happy
D The children seemed happy whether they were poor or rich
(20)READING Choose the word that best fits the blank space in the following passage. KEEPING FIT
Bodies are made to move! They are not (1) for sitting around in front of the television or reading magazines Keeping fit doesn't mean have to be a super-athlete, and even (2) exercise can give you a lot of fun When you are fit and healthy, you will find you look better and feel better You will develop more energy and self-confidence
Every time you move, you are exercising The human body is designed to bend, stretch, run, jump and climb (3) it does, the stronger and fitter it will become Best of all, exercise is fun It's what your body likes doing most-keeping on the move
Physical exercise is not only good for your body People who take regular exercise are usually happier, more relaxed and more alert than people who sit around all day Try an experiment-next time you are in a bad mood, go for a walk or play a ball game in the park See how much better you feel after an hour
A good (4) of achievement is yet another benefit of exercise People feel good about themselves when they know they have improved their fitness People who exercise regularly will tell you that they find they have more energy to enjoy life So have (5) you'll soon see and feel the benefits
Question 1: A planned B designed C programmed D caused
Question 2: A a little B a few C little D few
Question 3: A more and more B the more C more D moreover
Question 4: A sense B feel C lot D piece
Question 5: A a run B a trial C a go D a start
READING Choose the word that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
Education is more important today than ever before It helps people acquire the skills they need for such everyday (1) as reading a newspaper or managing their money It also gives them the specialized training they may need to prepare for a job or career For example, a person must meet certain educational requirements and obtain a license or certificate before he can practice law or medicine Many fields, like computer operation or police work, (2) satisfactory completion of special training courses
Education is also important (3) it helps people get more out of life It increases their
knowledge and understanding of the world It helps them acquire the skills that make life more interesting and enjoyable, such as the skills needed to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument Such education becomes (4) important as people gain more and more leisure time
Education also helps people adjust to change This habit has become necessary because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people Education can help a person understand these changes and provide him (5) the skills for adjusting to them
Question 1: A works B jobs C actions D activities
Question 2: A requires B requiring C require D to require
Question 3: A therefore B despite C although D because
Question 4: A increased B increasing C increase D increasingly
Question 5: A with B for C in D to
READING Choose the word that best fits the blank space in the following passage. GLOBAL WARMING
(21)Environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given (4) by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source They are in favor of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power station
Some scientists, (5) , believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results Global warming, it seems, is to stay
Question 1: A give B put C take D have
Question 2: A concerning B regarding C depending D according
Question 3: A strict B severe C strong D healthy
Question 4: A off B away C up D over
Question 5: A but B although C despite D however
READING Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effect of global warming, Scientists have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier and birds hatching earlier in the spring Many species have begun shifting where they live or their annual migration patterns due to warmer temperatures
With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too warm In many places, however, human development will prevent these shifts Species that find cities or farmland blocking their way north or south may become extinct Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those
found in polar and mountaintop regions, are especially at risk because migration to new habitats is not possible For example, polar bears and marine mammals in the Arctic are already threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther to go
Projecting species extinction due to global warming is extremely difficult Some scientists have estimated that 20 to 50 percent of species could be committed to extinction with to Celsius degrees of further warming The rate of warming, not just the magnitude, is extremely important for plants and animals Some species and even entire ecosystems, such as certain types of forest, many not be able to adjust quickly enough and may disappear
Ocean ecosystems, especially fragile ones like coral reefs, will also be affected by global warming Warmer ocean temperatures can cause coral to "bleach", a state which if prolonged will lead to the death of the coral Scientists estimate that even Celsius degree of additional warming could lead to widespread bleaching and death of coral reefs around the world Also increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the ocean and increases the acidity of ocean waters This acidification further stresses ocean ecosystems
(Đề thi tiếng Anh kì thi THPT quốc gia 2015) Question 1: Scientists have observed that warmer temperatures in the spring cause flowers to .
A die instantly B bloom earlier C, become lighter D lose color
Question 2: The pronoun "those" in paragraph refers to .
A species B ecosystems C habitats D areas
Question 3: It is mentioned in the passage that if the global temperature rose by or Celsius degrees, .
A half of the earth's surface would be flooded
B the sea level would rise by 20 centimeters
C water supply would decrease by 50 percent
D 20 to 50 percent of species could become extinct
Question 4: The level of acidity in the ocean is increased by _.
A the rising amount of carbon dioxide entering the ocean B the decrease of acidity of the pole waters
C the extinction of species in coastal areas
(22)Question 5: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A Influence of climate changes on human lifestyles B Effects of global warming on animals and plants C Global warming and possible solutions
D Global warming and species migration
READING Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
The Sun today is a yellow dwarf star It is fueled by thermonuclear reactions near its center that convert hydrogen to helium The Sun has existed in its present state for about four billion six hundred million years and is thousands of times larger than the Earth
By studying other stars, astronomers can predict what the rest of the Sun's life will be like About five billion years from now, the core of the Sun will shrink and become hotter The surface temperature will fall The higher temperature of the center will increase the rate of thermonuclear reactions The outer regions of the Sun will expand approximately 35 million miles, about the distance to Mercury, which is the closest planet to the Sun The Sun will then be a red giant star Temperatures on the Earth will become too high for life to exist
Once the Sun has used up its thermonuclear energy as a red giant, it will begin to shrink After it shrinks to the size of the Earth, it will become a white dwarf star The Sun may throw off huge amounts of gases in violent eruptions called nova explosions as it changes from a red giant to a white dwarf
After billions of years as a white dwarf, the Sun will have used up all its fuel and will have lost its heat Such a star is called a black dwarf After the Sun has become a black dwarf, the Earth will be dark and cold If any atmosphere remains there, it will have frozen over the Earth’s surface.
(Đề thi tuyển sinh đại học năm 2008)
Question 1: It can be inferred from the passage that the Sun .
A is approximately halfway through its life as a yellow dwarf star B will continue to be a yellow dwarf for another 10 billion years C has been in existence for 10 billion years
D is rapidly changing in size and brightness
Question 2: What will probably be the first stage of change for the Sun to become a red giant?
A Its surface will become hotter and shrink B It will throw off huge amounts of gases C Its central part will grow smaller and hotter D Its core will cool off and use less fuel
Question 3: As a white dwarf, the Sun will be _.
A the same size as the planet Mercury B around 35 million miles in diameter C a cool and habitable planet D thousands of times smaller than it is today
Question 4: The word "there" in the last sentence of paragraph refers to .
A the planet Mercury B the core of a black dwarf C our own planet D the outer surface of the Sun
Question 5: The passage has probably been taken from .
A a scientific journal B a news report
C a work of science fiction D a scientific chronicle
(23)* VOCABULARY
1 clear (v) nhảy qua
2 composed (a) [kəm'pouz] gồm có, bao gồm
3.countryman (n) ['kʌntrimən] người đồng hương
4.deal (n) sự thoả thuận
5.enthusiast (n) [in'θju:ziæst] người say mê
6.defend (v) [di'fend] bảo vê
7.outstanding (a) [aut'stændiη] xuất sắc, nổi bật
8.overwhelming (a) [,ouvə'welmiη] lớn, vĩ đại
9.podium (n) ['poudiəm] bục danh dự
10.pole vaulting (n) nhảy sào
11.precision (n) [pri'siʒn] độ chính xác
12.rival (n) ['raivəl] đối thu
13.scoreboard (n) bảng điểm
14.title (n) ['taitl] danh hiêu, tư cách,đầu đê
15.spirit (n) tinh thần
16.peace (n) [pi:s] hoà bình
17.solidarity (n) [,sɔli'dỉrəti] đồn kết
18.wrestling (n) ['resliη] môn đấu vật
19.basketball (n) ['bɑ:skitbɔ:l] bóng rở
20.volleyball (n) ['vɔlibɔ:l] bóng chun
21.badminton (n) ['bỉdmintən] cầu lơng
22.body-building (n) thể dục thể hình
23.athlete (n) ['ỉθli:t] lực sĩ,vận đợng viên 24.energetic (a) [,enə'dʒetik] mạnh mẽ
25.propose (v) [prə'pouz] đê nghi
26.rank (v) xếp vi trí
27.host (v) tổ chức
(n) chu nhà
28.pullover=jersey (n) ['pulouvə]-['dʒə:zi] áo len chui đầu
29.disease (n) [di'zi:z] tê nạn, bênh 30.acknowledge (v) [ək'nɔlidʒ] thừa nhận
31.improve (v) [im'pru:v] cải tiến,cải thiên 32.Ministry (n) ['ministri] Bộ
33.enterprise (n) ['entəpraiz] công trình
34.southeast Asia (n) ['sauθ,i:st'ei∫ə] đông nam á 35.individual (n) [,indi'vidjuəl] cá nhân
36.commemorate (v) [kə'meməreit] kỷ niêm, tưởng niêm 37.session (n) ['se∫n] buổi họp
38.comfort (v) dỗ dành, an ui
(n) tiên nghi
39.evacuate (v) [i'vækjueit] di tản, sơ tán
40.initiate (v) [i'ni∫iit] bắt đầu, đê xướng 41.permanent (a) ['pə:mənənt] lâu dài, vĩnh cửu
(24)* GRAMMAR
COMPARISONS OF ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS
1 So sánh (equality comparison) ADJ/ ADV
S1 + V + as + adj/ adv + as + S2 ( be / auxiliary verb )
/+ Pronoun (S2)
Note : thể phủ định nghi vấn ta dùng so / as
S1 + V(negative) + as + adj/ adv + as + S2 ( be / auxiliary verb )
So /+ Pronoun (S2)
Eg: He is as tall as his father His job is not so difficult as mine.
Eg: Mary doesn't write her lessons as badly as she did last year Last year , Mary didn't write her lessons as carefully as she does.
NOUN
S1 +be/V+the same +(noun) + as +S2
Eg: My house is as high as his. My house is the same height as his. Eg: He isn’t as old as I am He isn’t the same age as I.
2 So sánh (superiority comparison) a Đối với tính từ trạng từ ngắn vần
S1 + V + adj/ adv + er + than + S2 ( be / auxiliary verb ) Eg: Today it is hotter than it was yesterday
He works harder than he did last year
Does your mother type faster than your father ?
Note : Những tính từ dài vần mà tận có sau ta so sánh tính từ ngắn vần y
ow er et
Eg : We are happier than he (is).
Eg : Our class is much noisier than theirs.
Eg : Tran Hung Dao street is narrower than Tran Phu street. Eg : He is cleverer than his sister.
Eg : Countryside is quieter than cities.
a Đối với tính từ trạng từ dài vần
S1 + V + more adj/ adv + than + S2 ( be / auxiliary verb ) Eg : She is more careful than her mother (is)
Eg : Are you more tired than I am?
Eg : He sings more beautifully than other competitors
3.So sánh (superlative comparison): a Đối với tính từ trạng từ ngắn vần
S + V + the adj/ adv + est + (N) + in/ of
Eg : This street is the longest in our city Eg : She works the hardest in her company. Eg : July is usually the hottest month in a year.
a Đối với tính từ trạng từ dài vần
(25)Eg : Miss Venezuela is the most beautiful in the Miss world contest. Eg : He is the most careless driver that I have ever met.
Eg : He did this work the most successfully. Eg: Mai is the tallest boy in the family
Mary is the most beautiful of the three sisters /of all
Note : Những tính từ trạng từ bất quy tắc so sánh so sánh nhất
good / well better the best bad / badly worse the worst many / much more the most far farther the farthest further the furthest little less the least
Eg : Children in big cities learn English better than the ones in countryside Eg : He is the worst player in his team
Eg : I have more English books than yours
4 So sánh kém: a So sánh hơn:
S1 + V + LESS ADJ + THAN + S2 Eg : She is less intelligent than her sister
Eg : Miss Viet Nam is less beautiful than Miss Russia
b So sánh nhất:
S + V + THE LEAST ADJ (N)
Eg : She is the least beautiful of all in her family
Eg : Of all the musicians , I think he is the least creative
6 Một số dạng so sánh đặc biệt: a
ADJ + AS + S + BE , S + … ADV V
Eg : strong as he is, he can’t carry this table Khỏe anh mà bê bàn Eg : Rich as he is, he can’t buy this house Giàu ông mà mua nhà Eg : Well as she sang, she couldn’t win the first prize
b
S1 + be + twice/three times as + adj + as + S2
V adv
Eg: The price of petrol now is twice as much as it was last year
He is 60 years old His wife is 20 years old He is three times as old as his wife
5 So sánh kép (double comparison) a
The + comparative + S + V , the + comparative + S + V ( càng…… Càng )
Eg : The more you learn, the better you are
Eg : The longer the journey is, the more tired we feel Eg : The better you play, the more money you will receive
b
S + V + short adj/ adv + er + and + short adj/ adv + er
S + V + more and more + long adj/ adv: ( ngày … )
Eg : It is colder and colder when the winter comes near Eg : She speaks English more and more fluently
Eg : He plays football worse and worse
(26)Eg : We are older and older when the time goes by
PRACTICE TEST
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the rest
1 A events B spirit C Asian D silver
2 A gold B region C organize D game
3 A trained B proved C impressed D performed
4 A spectator B medal C athletic D competition
5 A organize B spirit C title D surprising
Choose the word that has the stress pattern different from that of the rest
6 A record B milkmaid C attempt D region
7 A circumstance B podium C athletics D champion
8 A compete B impress C perform D strengthen
9 A enthusiast B competitor C bodybuilding D development 10 A supportive B outstanding C excellent D intensive
Choose the best option
11 _Son: “Dad, I was chosen to be in the school football team.” _Dad: “ _”
A Congrats You deserve it B Sounds good How many people are there? C You can say that it again D It doesn’t matter You’re good at it
12 _“ What you think of football?” _ “ ”
A Of course, football players are excellent B It’s none of my business C Well, it’s beyond my expectation D I am crazy about it
13 _“I think swimming helps us exercise all our muscles” _“ _” A Yes Swimming does, too B Right I’m not with you C There’s no doubt about it D But I
14 In the 22nd SEA Games, Vietnamese athletes showed _ and commitment
A enthusiasm B enthusiastic C enthusiast D enthusiastically 15 The success of the 22nd SEA Games had a great contribution of many _ volunteers
A support B supporter C supportive D supportively 16 How many _ took part in the 22nd SEA Games?
A compete B competitors C competition D competitor 17 _, the athlete broke the world's record with two attempts
A Surprise B Surprised C Surprising D Surprisingly 18 Johnny used to be one of the most _ athletes in my country
A succeed B success C successful D successfully
19 The Games impressed sports enthusiasts _its spirits: solidarity, co-operation for peace and development
A about B on C with D out
20 Some teams such as table tennis, badminton, karatedo were composed top competitors in the region
A of B with C for D in
21 The 22nd SEA Games was the first time when Vietnam finished top of the medal _.
A events B spirits C programs D standings
22 The ASEAN Para-Games is a biannual multi-sport _ held after every Southeast Asian Games for athletes with physical disabilities
A games B event C work D situation
23 The athlete had tried his best to _ his SEA Games title and records
A carry B perform C defend D support
24 All activities took place as scheduled in an atmosphere of _ and friendship among Southeast Asian people
(27)25 With an extraordinary 2-2 _, the first semifinal needed a _ to determine the winner A draw/penalty B win/penalty C draw/tiebreaker D win/tiebreaker 26 Petrol is _ it used to
A twice as expensive as B twice expensive more than C twice more than expensive D more expensive than twice 27 It gets _ when the winter is coming
A cold and cold B the coldest and coldest
C colder and colder D more and more cold 28 Robert does not have _ Peter does
A money more than B as many money as
C more money as D as much money as
29 My neighbor is driving me mad! It seems that _ it is at night, _ he plays his music! A the less / the more loud B the less / less
C the more late / the more loudlier D the later / the louder 30 _ you study for these exams, _ you will
A The harder / the better B The more / the much
C The hardest / the best D The more hard / the more good, 31 People should eat and to reduce the risk of heart disease
A less fat / more exercise B less and less fat / the more exercise C the less fat / the more exercise D fatter / more exercise
32 His hair is one of characteristics to be used in identifying people
A the most obviously B most obvious
C obviously the most D the most obvious 33 Of all athletes, Alex is _
A the less qualified B the less and less qualified C the more and more qualified D the least qualified,
34 He finds physics _ other science subjects
A far more difficult than B many more difficult than C too much more difficult than D more much difficult than 35 The cuisine of France is _
A more famous than that of England B famous than the cuisine of England C more famous than which of England D as famous than that of England 36 No one in the team can play better than John.
A John plays well but the others play better
B John as well as other players of the team plays very well C Everyone in the team, but John, plays very well
D John is the best player of the team 37 He drives more carelessly than he used to
A He doesn’t drive as carefully as he used to B He doesn’t drive carefully than he used to C He doesn’t drive as carefully than he used to D He doesn’t drive as carefully as he does 38 Nothing is more precious than happiness and health.
A Happiness and health are the most precious things B Happiness is more precious than health
C Health is more precious than happiness
D Happiness and health are more and more precious 39 I’ve never seen such a nice bouquet of wedding flowers.
(28)A In Russia, ice-hockey is more popular than any other sports B In Russia, no sport is more popular than ice-hockey
C In Russia, no sport is less popular than ice-hockey D In Russia, one of the most popular sports is ice-hockey 41 There were more guests at my cousin’s wedding than expected.
A We didn’t expect fewer guests to attend my cousin’s wedding B We expected to receive more guests at my cousin’s wedding C Fewer guests came to my cousin’s wedding than we expected D More guests came to my cousin’s wedding than we expected 42 Jim is more popular than any other painters in this district.
A Another painter is more popular than Jim
B Jim is more popular than no other painter in this district C Jim is the more popular than any other painter in this district D Jim is the most popular painter in this district
43 I feel better when the weather is getting warmer.
A The better I feel, the warmer the weather is getting B The warmer the weather is getting, the better I feel C The warmer is the weather getting, the better I feel D The warmer is the weather getting, the better feel I 44 Lee talks to people more politely than Ben
A Ben doesn’t talk to people as politely as Lee B Ben doesn’t talk to people politely as Lee
C Ben doesn’t talk to people more politely than Lee D Ben doesn’t talk to people less politely than Lee 45 The original version of that song sounds much better.
A That version of the song doesn’t sound as well as the original one B That version of the song sounds much better
C The last version of the song sounds the best
D No other song sounds as good as the original version of that song 46 I learn a lot However, I cannot remember anything.
A I learn more and more and I remember more and more B I remember not only what I have learnt
C The more I learn, the less I remember D The less I learn, the more I remember
47 I get older I want to travel less.
A I’m getting older and older, so I don’t want to travel more B the more I get old, the less I want to travel
C I don’t want to travel because of my old age D The older I get, the less I want to travel
48 She had to wait a very long time She became more impatient. A The longer she had to wait, the more impatient she became B The longest she had to wait, the more impatient she became C The more longer she had to wait, the most impatient she became D The long time she had to wait, the most impatient she became 49 The unemployment rate is high The crime rate is usually also high
A The unemployment rate and the crime rate are both higher B The higher the unemployment rate is, the higher the crime rate is C The unemployment rate is as high as the crime rate
D The high rate of unemployment depends on the high rate of crime 50 We cut down many forests The Earth becomes hot
(29)D The more we cut down forests, the Earth becomes hotter
Choose the best option to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined in word(s) in the following questions
51 The AEAN Para Games are hosted by the same country where the SEA Games took place A participated B organized C defended D impressed 52 After a tie, there are two overtime periods of three minute each
A penalty B score C draw D goal
53 The SEA Games is a biennial multi-sport event involving participants from the current 11 countries of Southeast Asia
A happening once a year B happening twice a year
C happening once every two years D happening once every four years
Choose the best option to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
54 Most of them will be jobless when the Games are over
A fascinating B odd C tempting D employed
55 Although it was the first time Vietnam hosted such a big sports event, the Games were a great success
A failure B achievement C triumph D victory
Choose the underlined words that need correcting
56 The harder he tried, the worst he danced before the large audience
A tried B worst C danced D the large
57 The proposed rationale was that a regional sports event will help promote cooperative, understanding and relations among countries in the Southeast Asian region
A was that B will help C cooperative D among
58 I think the price of rice is getting cheap and cheaper because we had a good crop this year A the price B cheap C because D had
59 To prepare for the SEA Games, Vietnam carried on an intensive program for its athletes
A for B carried on C intensive D athletes
60 Because there are less members present tonight than there were last night, we must wait until the next meeting to vote
m