It is important, therefore, that we should develop alternative sources of energy such as solar energy and nuclear energy as well as water and wind renewed... (classed as renewable e[r]
(1)Unit 11: SOURCES OF ENERGY Lesson 1: VOCABULARY + READING A VOCABULARY
WORD MEANING WORD MEANING
alternative at the same time available balloon coal cost dam electricity energy exhausted fossil fuel geothermal heat infinite
make use of nuclear energy oil plentiful pollution power demand release reserve roof safe sailboat save solar energy solar panel (a) (exp) (a) (n) (n) (v) (n) (n) (n) (a) (n) (n) (n) (a) (exp) (n) (a) (n) (n.p) (v) (n) (n) (a) (n) (v) (n.p) (n.p) thay lúc sẵn có bong bóng than đá tốn (tiền)
đập (ngăn nước) điện
năng lượng cạn kiệt
nhiên liệu hóa thạch địa nhiệt
vơ hạn tận dụng
năng lượng hạt nhân dầu
nhiều ô nhiễm
nhu cầu sử dụng điện phóng trữ lượng mái nhà an tồn thuyền buồm tiết kiệm
năng lượng mặt trời
tấm thu lượng mặt trời
wave windmill abundant convenient enormous harmful hydroelectricity nuclear reactor radiation renewable run out ecologist ecology fertilize grass land ocean petroleum replace as can be seen chart consumption follow make up show total (n) (n) (a) (a) (a) (a) (n) (n) (n) (a) (v) (n) (n) (v) (n) (n) (n) (n) (v) (exp) (n) (n) (v) (v) (v) (a) sóng (nước) cối xay gió
dồi dào, phong phú tiện lợi
to lớn, khổng lồ có hại
thủy điện
phản ứng hạt nhân phóng xạ
có thể thay cạn kiệt
nhà sinh thái học sinh thái học bón phân cỏ đất
đại dương dầu hỏa, dầu mỏ thay
có thể thấy biểu đồ tiêu thụ theo sau
chiếm (số lượng)
tổng số EXERCISE
I Supply the correct word form
1 The team has thousands of _ supporters (energy) The prisoners who escaped are violent and _ (danger)
3 Pollution is just one of the _ of living in the town (advantage)
4 Solar energy is not only plentiful and _ but also clean and safe (finite) Many people don’t realize that they are breathing _ air (pollute) He took off his jacket because of the _ (hot)
II Complete the sentences, using the given words
released researchers relatively supplies.
non-renewable pollution harmful
1 Coal, gas and oil are _ forms of energy that cannot be replaced after used The nuclear plant provides a fifth of the nation's energy _
3 Oxygen from the water is into the atmosphere Fossil fuels will be exhausted within a _ short time
(2)6 These pesticides are environmentally Water power provides energy without III Choose the best answer
1 A nuclear reactor releases _which is dangerous to the environment
a radiation b heat c energy d carbon dioxide
2 We could make better _ of our energy resources
a spend b use c need d limit
3 Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe
a boundless b unlimited c uncountable d inflexible
4 There is now increasing concern about the world's energy _ particularly about those involving fossil fuels
a possessions b goods c materials d resources
5 It’s important for the developed countries to reduce energy _ as much as possible a exhaustion b destruction c consumption d waste _ energy sources include water and wind power
a Friendly environmental b Environmentally friendly c Friendly environment d Environmental friendly _ is produced from the heat stored in the earth's core
a Geothermal heat b Nuclear energy c Solar energy d Water energy In some countries people use wind or sea as the environment friendly energy sources
a waves b water c products d weeds People have used coal and oil to _ electricity for a long time
a generation b generated c generate d generates 10 Coal and oil are non-renewable sources
a engineer b energy c engineering d energetic B READING.
I Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage
There is now increasing concern about the world’s (1) _, particularly about those involving fossil (2) In less than a hundred years we shall probably (3) _ all the present (4) of oil and gas The world’s coal (5) should last longer but, once used, these cannot be (6) _ It is important, therefore, that we should develop alternative sources of energy (7) _ as solar energy and nuclear energy as well as water and wind renewed (classed as (8) _ energy) Until these energy (9) are widely used, it is important for developed countries to reduce energy (10) _ as much as possible
1 A possessions B resources C goods D materials
2 A fuels B powers C forms D energy
3 A end B complete C total D exhaust
4 A findings B productions C amounts D sources
5 A reserves B stores C mines D contents
6 A updated B repeated C renewed D produced
7 A such B so C so that D enough
8 A repeatable B continual C renewable D continuous
9 A goods B supplies C provisions D materials
10 A exhaustion B destruction C waste D consumption
II Read the following passage, and then choose the best answer
(3)an efficient way to dispose of wastes Experimental work is being done to derive synthetic fuels from coal, oil shale, and coal tars But to date, that process has proven expensive Other experiments are underway to harness power with giant windmills Geothermal power is also being tested Some experts expect utility companies to revive hydroelectric power derived from streams and rivers Fifty years ago hydroelectric power provided one third of the electricity used in the United States, but today it supplies only percent The oceans are another potential source of energy Scientists are studying ways to convert the energy of ocean currents, tides, and waves to electricity Experiments are also underway to make use of temperature differences in ocean water to produce energy
1 What is the best title of the passage?
a The Use of Water Products for Energy b The Search for Alternative Sources of Energy c Efficient Ways of Disposing of Waste d New Discoveries in Geothermal Power 2 What provided one third of the electricity in the United States fifty years ago?
a wind b waste products c water d oil
3 What could best replace the phrase 'geothermal power' in the passage?
a heat from the earth b gases in the earth's atmosphere c steam that shot up out of the earth d water in the ocean, lake, or river 4 Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as an alternative source of energy?
a Burning of garbage b Geothermal power
c Synthetic fuels d Electricity
5 According to the author, what is the impracticability of using coal, oil shale and coal tars' as sources of energy due to?
a They take a lot of time b They are expensive c They are non-renewable resources d They are scarce resources
- THE END
-Unit 11: SOURCES OF ENERGY Lesson 2: LEXICO – GRAMMAR A THEORY.
(4)1 Relative clauses replaced by participles - Được rút gọn thành dạng:
a V-ing: present participle (thể chủ động)
- Chỉ rút gọn MĐQH thể chủ động Cách rút gọn sau: + Bỏ từ quan hệ
+ Bỏ động từ “to be” có
+ Đưa động từ MĐQH dạng V-ing
Ex: The man who spoke to John is my brother. The man speaking to John is my brother b V-ed/pp: past participle (thể bị động)
- Chỉ rút gọn MĐQH thể bị động Cách rút gọn sau: + Bỏ từ quan hệ
+ Bỏ động từ “to be”
+ Đưa động từ MĐQH dạng V3 Ved
Ex: The picture which was drawn by a blind has won the first prize. The picture drawn by a blind has won the first prize
2 Relative clauses replaced by TO – inf: - Được thực trường hợp sau:
a Sau từ “the first, the second, the last, the only….”
Ex: - Andrew was the only student that gave the correct answer. Andrew was the only student TO give the correct answer - Who was the last person that saw the man alive?
Who was the last person TO see the man alive? b Sau cụm từ so sánh
Ex: - Mr Forbes was the oldest man that flew a balloon. Mr Forbes was the oldest man to fly a balloon
- William Pitt was the youngest person that became Prime Minister William Pitt was the youngest person to become Prime Minister B EXERCISE
I Complete the sentences with -ing, -ed, or to-infinitive form of the verbs in brackets The man the bus is my brother (drive) There is a sign on the gate 'Entry forbidden' (say) Rivers into Baltic Sea are much cleaner now than ten years ago (flow) New Zealand was the first country women the vote (give) Anyone further information can see me in my office (need) The guest on our show is the youngest golfer the Open (win)
7 Mary O'Brien, the Democrat to the council only last week, has resigned (elect ) We live in a house in 1906 (build)
9 Any passengers to Cambridge should sit in the first two carriages of the train (travel) 10 Melanie was the only person a letter of thanks (write)
II Rewrite the following sentences, replacing Relative clauses by participles or to-infinitive The man who’s talking to the policeman has just returned home from Paris
(5)→ ……… The students who make noise in class will be punished
→ ……… Passengers who travelled on this bus bought their tickets in books
→ ……… Do you see the notice which warns people not to enter the military zone? → ……… The stairs which lead to the cellar are rather slippery
→ ……… We had a river in which we could swim
→ ……… You are the last person who saw her alive
→ ……… The pilot was the only one who survived the air crash
→ ……… 10 He was the second man who was killed in this way
→ ……… III Choose the best answer:
1 Nellie Ross of Wyoming was the first woman governor in the United States a who elected b to be elected c was elected d her election as Pioneers, in isolated areas of the United States, were almost totally self-sufficient
a who living b living c lived d that lived
3 Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall is the oldest building now on the campus of Princeton University
a standing b it stands c has stood d stood
4 Jerome Kern's most famous work is Showboat, , most enduring musical comedies a it is one of the finest b of the finest one c the finest one d one of the finest
5 in large quantities in the Middle East, oil became known as black gold because of the large profit it brought
a Discovering b which was discovered c Discovered d That when discovered Neil Armstrong, person to set foot on the moon, reported that the surface was fine and powdery a the first b to be the first c was the first d as the first
7 The Massachusetts State House, _ in 1798, was the most distinguished building in the United States at that time
a completing b which was completed c was completed d to be completed
8 Lady Astor was the first woman her seat in Parliament
a take b to take c taking d who takes
9 Norman Weiner, _ mathematician and logician, had an important role in the development of the computer
a who as a b was a c whom a d a
10.War and Peace, , was published in 1869.
a Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel b that is Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel c which most celebrated novel of Leo Tolstoy d is a Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel 11 The fifth man was entirely unsuitable
a interviewed b to be interviewed c interviewed d interviewing 12 I wish we had a garden for my children _ in
(6)IV Choose word or phrase - a, b, c or d – that needs correcting.
1 Louisa May Alcott, she best known for her books for children, served as a nurse during the Civil War a b c d
2 I went to a reunion for students educating in the physics department during the 1980s a b c d
3 Natural resources provide the raw material are needed to produce finished goods a b c d
4 In an essay writing in 1779, Judith Sargeant Murray promoted the cause of women's education a b c d
5 It was suggested that Pedro studies the material more thoroughly before attempting to pass the exam a b c d
- THE END
-Lesson 3: PRACTICE TEST (UNIT 11) I PHONETICS
A Choose the word which is stressed differently from the rest.
1 A energy B exhausted C natural D plentiful
2 A electricity B geothermal C alternative D radiation A available B potential C unlimited D infinite
4 A release B supplies C nuclear D convenient
5 A ecologist B fertilizer C dangerous D scientist B Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest.
11 A exhaust B source C enormous D cause
12 A sun B solar C safe D sure
13 A heat B great C release D reach
14 A geothermal B power C solar D hydro
15 A polluted B consume C nuclear D fuel
(7)Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the underlined word or phrase
1 Increased consumption will lead to faster of our natural resources
A exhaust B exhausting C exhaustion D exhaustive
2 Energy reserves are strictly _
A limit B limitation C limited D limits
4 The _ of these toxic substances into the environment is potentially devastating
A delivery B release C distribution D research
5 Oil, coal and natural gas are fuels made from decayed material
A unleaded B smokeless C solid D fossil
6 All fossil fuels are resources that cannot be replaced after use
A unlimited B renewable C available D non-renewable
7 We should develop such sources of energy as solar energy and nuclear energy
A tradition B alternative C revolutionary D surprising Airplanes _ in the twentieth century is one of the sources of pollution
A which invented B to invent C invented D that is invented I pulled off the sheets _the furniture
A to cover B covered C that covering D covering
10 The nuclear power plant _ last year will come to operate tomorrow
A completing B to complete C completed D which completed
11 Lady Astor was the first woman _her seat in Parliament
A take B to take C taking D who takes
12 The energy _ by the windmill drives all the drainage pumps
A that is producing B which produces C producing D produced 13 She is the only one in the discussion _ to using nuclear power
A objects B objected C to object D whom objects
14 The old man _ a black suit is a famous energy researcher
A to wear B wearing C whom is wearing D is wearing
15 John was the last applicant _ for a position in that energy station
A to interview B interviewing C which is interviewed D to be interviewed 16 Nellie Ross of Wyoming was the first woman governor in the United States
A who elected B to be elected C was elected D her election as 17 The bridge _ by French architects is very nice
A was designed B designing C to design D designed
18 I have just bought a television set It is made in Japan A I have just bought a television set which made in Japan
B I have just bought a television set who is made in Japan C I have just bought a television set whose made in Japan D I have just bought a television set made in Japan
19 The building was decorated by Mr Pike It looks terrible A The building which decorated by Mr Pike looks terrible
B The building whose decorated by Mr Pike looks terrible C The building decorating by Mr Pike looks terrible D The building decorated by Mr Pike looks terrible
20 Tom was the last member who left the club last night. A Tom was the last member that leaves the club last night
B Tom was the last member who leaving the club last night C Tom was the last member left the club last night D Tom was the last member to leave the club last night
(8)C The bridge designing by French architects is very nice D The bridge designed by French architects is very nice 22 Linda was the last student at the oral exam
A to be asked B asking C asks D to ask
23 The students _ for the train are good ones
A waited B waiting C which is waiting D to wait
24 This is the seventh person late
A coming B to come C come D all are correct
25 Hydroelectric power is produced by the fall of water in a dam
A trapping B trapped C to be trapped D that trapped 26 The woman _next door is a famous singer
A lives B who live C living D that living 27 I live in a pleasant room the garden
A to overlook B overlooking C overlooked D which overlooking 28 MinLee:” I’m Charles Archer, from Continental Computers How you do?” Karik: “ ?”
A How are you B How you C Pleased to meet you D B & C correct 29 Taylor Swift: “Good bye Have a nice weekend” – David Beckham: “ !”
A Excuse me B Nice to meet you C I’m sorry D The same to you 30 BTS: “Thank you for helping me!” - Big Bang “ ”
A Thanks B Goodbye C You’re welcome D It’s nice to meet you 31 Justate: “Hello My name is Thu Nice to meet you.” Jack: “Hello Pleased to meet you.”
A That’s fine B Really? C Good D I’m Justate
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
32 Fossil fuels will be exhausted with in a relatively short time
A comparatively B shortly C rapidly D disadvantageously 33 Water energy is used to create electricity
A produce B design C operate D heat
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word or phrase that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the italic part in each of the following questions.
34 Solar energy is not only plentiful but also infinite
A strong B rapid C limited D unlimited 35 Keep only fish that you will eat; release the rest
A catch B hold C take D have
Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting 36 The man to speak to me is John’s brother
A B C D
37 He is the second person be killed in that way A B C D
38 They work in a hospital sponsoring by the government A B C D
39 It an essay writing in 1779, Judith Sargeant Murray promoted the cause of women’s education A B C D
40 Every fuel has their own particular temperature at which it begins to burn A B C D III Reading
A Read the following passage and choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage
(9)(classed as renewable energy) Until these energy (4) are widely used, it is important for developed countries to reduce energy (5) _ as much as possible
1 A fuels B powers C forms D energy
2 A findings B productions C amounts D sources
3 A updated B repeated C renewed D produced
4 A goods B supplies C provisions D materials
5 A exhaustion B destruction C waste D consumption
B Read the following passage, and then choose the best answer
The search for alternative sources of energy has led in various directions Many communities are burning garbage and other biological waste products to produce electricity- Converting waste products to gases or oil is also an efficient way to dispose of wastes Experimental work is being done to derive synthetic fuels from coal, oil shale, and coal tars But to date, that process has proven expensive Other experiments are underway to harness power with giant windmills Geothermal power is also being tested Some experts expect utility companies to revive hydroelectric power derived from streams and rivers Fifty years ago hydroelectric power provided one third of the electricity used in the United States, but today it supplies only percent The oceans are another potential source of energy Scientists are studying ways to convert the energy of ocean currents, tides, and waves to electricity Experiments are also underway to make use of temperature differences in ocean water to produce energy
1 What is the best title of the passage?
A The Use of Water Products for Energy B The Search for Alternative Sources of Energy
C Efficient Ways of Disposing of Waste D New Discoveries in Geothermal Power
2 What provided one third of the electricity in the United States fifty years ago?
A wind B waste products C water D oil
3 What could best replace the phrase 'geothermal power' in the passage?
A heat from the earth B gases in the earth's atmosphere
C steam that shot up out of the earth D water in the ocean, lake, or river
4 Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as an alternative source of energy?
A Burning of garbage B Geothermal power
C Synthetic fuels D Electricity
5 According to the author, what is the impracticability of using coal, oil shale and coal tars' as sources of energy due to?
A They take a lot of time B They are expensive
C They are non-renewable resources D They are scarce resources
6 What can be inferred from the paragraph?
A All alternative production of energy will be derived from water B Hydroelectric power will be the main source of energy
C Synthetic fuels will be the principal source of alternative energy D Alternative energy will come from a variety of sources