Was/ were able to Diễn tả một hành động một người nào đó phải xoay xở, phải cố gắng hết sức để làm được trong một hoµn c¶nh cô thÓ.. Ex: We were able to find some useful books in the big[r]
(1)Đề cương ôn tập tiếng anh 11 (A draff of review english 11) Unit 1: The infinitive ( §éng tõ nguyªn mÉu) 1.Infinitive with “to” (§T nguyªn mÉu cã “to”) a/ V + to V ex: He agreed to this work They promised to come back to pick up me He afforded to buy this quite house Some popular verbs: agree, offer, decide, appear, forget, seem, learn, manage, hope, promise, fail, arrange… b/ V + O + to V Ex: My father taught me how to use this computer She reminds us to homework Some popular verbs: remind, force, enable, persuade, order, warn, invite, teach, get…… c/ What/ how/ where/ when… + to V Ex: I don’t know where to go I’m homeless Do you remember what to do? Some popular verbs: forget, explain, understand, decide, ask… d/ Some special verbs: Sau Want, mean, intend, ask, expect, help, would like, would prefer ta dïng c¶ cÊu tróc V + to V vµ V + O + to V Ex: They asked me to turn back his book She asked to use this machine Infinitive without “to” (§éng tõ nguyªn thÓ kh«ng cã “to”) a/ After Model verbs: can could may + V might would should maybe Ex: I can sing well You should go now b/ After “Make & Let”: Make Let +O+V Ex: This story makes me feel happy Why you let him go away? Unit 2: Tenses Revision (Xem l¹i vë häc) Unit & Infinitive and Gerund (Động từ nguyên mẫu và Danh động từ) 1.Infinitive (Unit 1) Addition: a/ After “be + adj”: be glad, be happy, be kind… Ex: It is nice to meet you You are kind to carry this heavy suitcase for me b/ After “be + enough/ too” Ex: She is too lazy to become a good student Gerund: a/ Subject.(Danh động từ làm chủ ngữ) Ex: Going shopping is my hobby b/ After “ enjoy/ like/ love/ avoid/ delay/ deny/ finish/ mind/ miss/ practise/ prevent/ postpone/ risk/ forgive/ admit/ consider… Ex: The little girl denied breaking the vase Lop11.com (2) c/ After some Phrases/ Forms( Sau c¸c côm tõ/ CÊu tróc): can’t bear, can’t stand, can’t face, can’t help, feel like, It’s no good, It’s no use… Ex: I can’t help laughing whenever he tells a joke.(Tôi ko thể nhịn đc cười kể truyện hài) d/ After preposotion (Sau c¸c Giíi tõ) Look forward to Insist on Be surprised at Be interested in + V-ing Be busy with Think of/ about Be afraid of Ex: We are thinking about going camping in the mountain To V or V-ing after Remember/ stop/ forget/ regret/ try.(Xem l¹i vë häc) Unit & Reported speech with Infinitive and Gerund (Câu tường thuật với Động từ nguyên mẫu và Danh động từ) With Infinitive: a/ Reported orders and requests: - Structure: S + told/ asked/ ordered/ talked…+ O + (not) to V Ex: “Don’t talk in the class” the teacher said =The teacher told us not to talk in the class Ex: “Remmenber to finish your homework before going out” His father said =His father ordered him to remmenber to finish his homework before going out b/ Reported offers and suggetions: - Structure: S + advise/ warn/ agree/ invite/ decide/ hope…+ O + (not) to V Ex: My mother said “You should study harder” = My mother advised to study harder Ex: The boy said “ I will help you” = The boy promised to help me With Gerund: Gerund dùng sau số cụm ĐT/ ĐT+ GT tường thuật: Accused…of thanks…for apologize for warn…against think of congratulate…on dream of admit deny insist …on suggest prevent…from Ex: “You took some of my money” He said = He accused me of taking some of his money Ex: “It is nice of you to listen to my presentation Thankyou.” She said = She thanked us for listening to her presentation Unit 7: Conditional types 1, 2, Conditional in Reported Speech Cond types 1, 2, Type Future or Present possible (Hành động có thể xảy tương lai) Present unreal (Kh«ng cã thËt ë hiÖn t¹i) Past unreal (Kh«ng cã thËt qu¸ khø) IF- clause S + V/ V(es/s) MAIN- clause S + will/ shall/ can/ may…+V S + Ved S + would/ should/ could/ might…+ V S + would/ could/ should/ might…have + VpII S + had + VpII Lop11.com (3) Cond in Reported Speech a Type Ex: “If it rains, I will stay at home to read book” The boy said = The boy said that if it rained, he would stay at home to read book Ex: “ If I catch the train, I will return home early” Mary said = Mary said that if She caught the train, she would return home early Nghiên cứu ví dụ trên ta nhận thấy: Câu ĐK loại chuyển sang câu tường thuật tuân thủ theo Quy tắc lùi thì các câu tường thuật khác b Types 2, Ex: She said “ If I were you, I would attend the class” = She said if she were me, she would attend the class Ex: “ If he had come, we would have had a good time” They said = They said that if he had come, they would have had a good time Qua các ví dụ trên ta thấy : Khi chuyển câu ĐK loại và loại sang câu tường thuật ta giữ nguyên thì, không thay đổi Unit 8: Pronouns: One(s), someone, anyone, no one, everyone.(Xem l¹i vë häc) Unit 9: Defining and Non defining Relative Clauses Who: thay DT người làm Chủ ngữ Whom: thay DT người làm Tân ngữ Whose: thay thÕ TÝnh tõ Së h÷u Which: thay thÕ DT chØ §å vËt, vËt Where: thay thÕ DT chØ n¬i chèn When: thay thÕ DT chØ thêi gian that: thay thÕ c¸c §TQH trªn.( ko dïng M§QHKX§ vµ M§QH cã giíi tõ) Defining Relative Clauses Ex: The women who worked here last month has gone away Mệnh đề “who worked here last month” là MĐQHXĐ vì nó xác định nghĩa cho DT “the women” Ta kh«ng thÓ bá M§ nµy c©u Note: Non Defining Relative Clauses Ex: Peter, who is a soft man, is interested in stamp collection M§ “who is a soft man” lµ M§QH kh«ng X§ v× nã chØ bæ xung th«ng tin cho DT “Peter” Ta cã thÓ bá M§ nµy ®i DT đã đc Xđ : -DT riêng - Dïng TTSH : my, her - Dùng Đại từ định : this, that, those MĐQHKXĐ đứng dấu phẩy M§QHXD >< DT kh«ngX§ M§QH Kh«ng X§ >< DT X§ Unit 10: Relative pronouns with prepositions (§¹i tõ quan hÖ cã giíi tõ) a/ Đặt GT trước ĐTQH sau ĐT chính Ex : The man to whom you talked yesterday is my uncle The man whom you talked to yesterday is my uncle b/ Cã thÓ bá §TQH vµ ®a GT vÒ sau §T chÝnh Ex : The man you talked to yesterday is my uncle c/ Chú ý : - GT đứng trước ĐTQH thường ta sử dụng nhiều - Ta kh«ng sö dông §TQH “who, that, where, when, why” sau c¸c GT - Some examples: I will introduce you to the man with whom I share a flat She found the letter for which I was looking The song to which we listened lastnight was exciting Lop11.com (4) Unit 11: R.C replaced by Participles and To-infinitive (M§QH ®îc thay thÕ bëi Ph©n tõ vµ §T nguyªn thÓ cã TO) By Participles a/ By Present Participles.(Bëi HiÖn t¹i ph©n tõ – V-ing) Khi §T M§QH chØ h® dang x¶y t¹i thêi ®iÓm nãi Ex : The man who is talking to the headmaster is our form teacher = The man talking to the headmaster is our form teacher Khi §T cña M§QH diÔn t¶ c«ng viÖc hµng ngµy Ex : I work in this farm which has a lot of flowers = I work in this farm having a lot of flowers Khi ĐT MĐQH thể chủ động Ex : Do you know the woman who made a very interesting speech lastnight ? = Do you know the woman making a very interesting speech lastnight? b/ By Past participles (Bëi Qu¸ khø ph©n tõ – VpII) Khi ĐT MĐQH thể bị động Ex: The work “ The Old man and the sea” which was written by Hemingway is really interesting = The work “ The Old man and the sea” written by Hemingway is really interesting By To-infinitive a/ Form: S + V + O + R.C = S + V + O + to V/ for sb to V Ex: The student who was interviewed this morning is my close friend = The student to be interviewed this morning is my close friend Ex: We have a lot of books which you can read when you are free = We have a lot of books for you to read when you are free b/ Form: This is the first/ second…last + N + R.C = This is the first/ second…last + N + to V Ex: This is the first foreigner who teaches us English in our school = This is the first foreigner to teach us English in our school Unit 12 : Omission of Relative Pronouns.(Lược bỏ ĐTQH) As Subject ( §TQH lµ chñ ng÷) Các ĐTQH đóng vai trò là Chủ ngữ câu, ta ko lược bỏ ĐTQH đó Ex: The picture which took the first prize was of mine S V Ex: I don’t like people who talk a lot S V As Object ( §TQH lµ T©n ng÷) Khi các ĐTQH là tân ngữ câu, ta phép lược bỏ chúng Ex : Are there the books which you bought yesterday ? = Are there the books you bought yesterday? Ex: The dress which Ann designed didn’t fit her = The dress Ann designed didn’t fit her Unit 13: Cleft Sentences 1.Subject focus: It be + subject + that/ who/ which + V ex: It is my mother who loves us most It was her best friend that helped her to get over It was Tom cat which caught Jerry mouse Object focus: It be + object + that + S + V ex: It is my mother that I love most It was this diamond ring that my boyfriend gave me Adverbial focus: It be + adv + that + S + V + O ex: It was on the last Valentine’s day that my boyfriend gave me this diamond ring It is in that house that I was born Lop11.com (5) Unit 14: Conjunctions Các cụm “both…and/ not only….but also/ either…or/ neither… nor” dùng nối từ đồng loại với Both….and: Võa… võa ex: That man is both musicial and singer Both you and I have to go to school every morning Not only….but also: Kh«ng nh÷ng ….mµ cßn ex: Your computer is not only cheap but also nice This perfume is not only for man but also for woman Either… or : HoÆc… hoÆc ex: Either you learn or you go away Tomorrow it is either sunny or rainy Neither … nor : Kh«ng……mµ còng kh«ng ex: He neither looks me nor says any words He cries Neither going to school nor staying at home all day makes her happy Notes: Động từ chia theo Chủ ngữ đứng gần nó ex: Neither Tom nor I am wrong Khi “Neither” đứng mình ta dịch là “không” và Đt chia theo Dt sau “Neither” ex: Neither girl has a car Cleft sentences in passive Form: It be + O/ adv + that/ who +…… +be VpII Ex: The girl saw a cat in the garden active: It was in the garden that the girl saw a cat passive: It was in the garden that a cat was seen by the girl Unit 15: Could/ be able to & Tag questions Could/ be able to a/ At present: Can/ is, are, am able to §îc dïng nh Trong v¨n nãi ta hay dïng “can” h¬n ex: Can you play the video? b/ At past: Could/ was/ were able to Could Diễn tả khả đó có thể làm qu¸ khø Ex: My child could say some simple words when she was 12 months old Was/ were able to Diễn tả hành động người nào đó phải xoay xở, phải cố gắng để làm hoµn c¶nh cô thÓ Ex: We were able to find some useful books in the big library Tag questions (Xem l¹i vë häc) Unit 16: It is said that……./ People say that…… / S be VpII to V… The Passive voice (Xem l¹i vë häc) Special structures: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + O S: people, they, someone, no one… = It be (v1) + VpII that S2 + V2 + O V1: think, believe, know, expect… = S2 be (v1) + VpII + to V + O Ex: People say that he is an intelligent boy = It is said that he is an intelligent boy = He is said to be an intelligent boy Ex: They believed that the president had come there = It was believed that the president had come there = The president was believed to have come there Lop11.com (6)