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the verbs followed by both gerund and to infinitive: * Stop:- to infinitive: the driver stopped to ask the way - gerund: ex: the driver stopped driving.. * Remember: -to infinitive:ex-Re[r]
(1)TỰ CHỌN – UNIT PERIOD A.Infinitive with to ( động từ nguyên mẩu có “to”) To infinitive with to is used in these following situations: The subject of a sentence: Ex: to save money is necessary now The complement of a verb: Ex: our duty is to study harder Object: * To infinitive is used as object of these verbs: “ agree, arrange, ask, attemp, begin, care, choose, decide, deserve, determine, edmand, desire, expect, fail, forget, happen, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, manage, mean, neglect( bỏ mặc), offer, plan, … Ex: we hope to pass the next exam with high marks To infinitive is used as object of these abjectives: Able, afraid, amused, annoy, anxious, astonished, certain, delighted, eager, easy, glad, hard, pleased, ready Ex: I’m very glad to see you again To infinitive is used after “ for/ of” Ex: I’ll wait for you to finish the tasks To infinitive is used after Noun or pronoun to replace for a clause Ex:English is an important language to master Ex: Have you got anyhting to read now? To infinitive is used to express a purpose or result Ex: We go to school to widen our knowledge Ex: He was born to succeed in many fields B Bare infinitive: Bare infinitive is used in these situations: After “modal verbs” Ex: He can speak three languages After the verbs of sense: “ feel, hear, see, watch, smell, and notice, make, let” After proverbs: had better, would rather, PERIOD Exercise: Insert TO where necessary before the infinitives in brackets It is easy (be) wise after the event Do you (wish) (make) a complaint? We don’t (want) anybody (know) that we are here IF you can’t (remember) his number you’d better (look) it up I want her (learn) Esperanto; I think everybody ought to (know) it He is said (be) the best surgeon in the country Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals Could I (see) Mr Pitt, please? I’m afraid Mr Pitt isn’t in Would you like (speak) with his secretary? It’d better (travel) hopefully than (arrive) 10 He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn’t you had better (show) him 11 He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt Lop11.com (2) 12 I heard the door (open) and saw the shadow (move) across the floor 13 He tried (make) me (believe) that he wasn’t my stepmother 14 As we seem (have missed) the train we may as well (go) back to the house 15 I felt the house (shake) with the explosion 16 He told me (try) (come) early 17 Before he let us (go) he made us (promise) (not tell) anyone what we had seen 18 Would you (like) (come) in my car? No, thanks, I’d rather (walk) 19 I advised him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get) off 20 It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) in under your bed is an old stocking 21 He doesn’t even bother (read) letters, let alone (answer) them 22 The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them how (open) the safe 23 If you knew he was wrong, why didn’t you (say) something?I didn’t like him (say) anything because he always gets angry if you contradict him 24 It’s better (be) to sure than sorry 25 What you (want0 me (tell) him? Tell him that any time he cares (call) I shall be delighted (discuss) the matter with him 26 Did you remember (give) him the money? No, I didn’t I still have it in my pocket; but I’ll (see) him tonight and I promise (not forget) this time 27 I saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes 28 This is far too heavy for one person (carry); let me (help) you 29 I was afraid (pick) up the revolver as I don’t know how (handle) firearms 30 I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames TỰ CHỌN - UNIT - Gerund and Infinitive: PẺRIOD 1 The verbs followed by gerund Admit, avoid, anticipate, begin, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, forgive, imagine, involve, like, love, mind, miss,, practise, prevent, postpne, remember, regret, risk, after some phrase of verbs: can’t bear, can’t face, can’t stand, can’t help, feel like, it’s no good, it’s no use ex: I can’t hep laughing whenever he tells a joke the verbs followed by to infinitive Agree, arrange, ask, attempt, begin, choose, decide, deserve, determine, demand, desire, expect, fail the verbs followed by both gerund and to infinitive: * Stop:- to infinitive: the driver stopped to ask the way - gerund: ex: the driver stopped driving * Remember: -to infinitive:ex-Remember to post my letter on your way home -gerund: ex- I remember locking the door when I returned home yesterday * Try : -to infinitive :ex- I try to swim across the river - gerund: ex- I try wearing the jeans before buying them *Advise, allow, permit, recommend: + O + to infinitive:ex-they don’t allow sts to smoke + gerund:ex-students are not allowed smoking PERIOD Exercise: Gerund and infinitive Lop11.com (3) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive) He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring) If you go on (let) your dog (chase) cars he’ll end by (be) run over I prefer (drive) to (be driven) I advised you (start) (look) for a flat at once Would you mind (lend) me 5$? I forgot (cash) a cheque (Lie) on this beach is much more pleasant than (sit) in the office She likes her children (go) to the dentist every six months By (neglect) (take) ordinary precautions he endangered the life of his crew An instructor is coming (show) us how (use) the aqualung 10 I have no intention of (go) to that film; I couldn’t bear (see) my favourite actress in such a dreadful part 11 I suggest (telephone) the hospital before (ask) the police (look) for him 12 After (hear) the conditions I decide (not enter) for the competition 13 Some people seem (have) a passion for (write) the newspaper 14 He expects me (answer) by return but I have no intentions of (reply) at all 15 I tried (explain) to him but he refused (listen) and went on (grumble) 16 By (offer) enormous wages he is persuading men (leave) their present jobs and (work) for him TỰ CHỌN - UNIT PRESENT PARTICIPLE PERFECT GERUND AND PERFECT PARTICIPLE I/ GERUND AND PRESENT PARTICIPLE 1.Gerund: a Form: V-ing b Usage: *Subject: Ex: Going to cinema is fun Ex: Behaving like that is not good Like the form: it is + adj + to-infinitive Ex: going to the cinema is fun = it is fun to go to the cinema *after preposition: Ex: I’m thinking about going camping in the mountain Ex: she is afraid of watching the ghost film + some verbs with prep to look forward to to insist on supprised at interested in busy with *Object: Ex:He likes swimminng Ex: I stopped smoking years ago II/ PERFECT GERUND and PERFECT PARTICIPLE: + They are used the same in meaning: Ex: finishing my homework, I went to bed =having finished my homework, Iwent to bed Lop11.com (4) EXERCISES: I Gerund, infinitive and present participle Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms No that sometimes a bare infinitive will be required ‘I was lonely at first,’ the old man admitted, ‘but after a time I got used to (live) alone and even got (like) it.’ Before trains were invented people used (travel) on horseback or in stage coaches It used (take) a stage coach three days (go) from London to Bath I meant (buy) an evening paper but I didn’t see anyone (sell) them Tom: I want (catch) the a.m train tomorrow Ann: but that means (get) up at 6; and you’re not very good at (get) up early, are you? He accepted the cut in salary without complaint because he was afraid (complain) He was afraid of (lose) his job She remembers part of her childhood quite clearly She remembers (go) to school for the first time and (be) frightened and (put) her finger in her mouth And she remembers her teacher (tell) her (take) it out Did you remember (lock) the car? No, I didn’t I'd better (go) back and (do) it now No, I didn’t move the bomb I was afraid (torch) it; I was afraid of (be) blown to pieces! Next time we go (house-hunt), remember (ask) the agent for clear directions I wasted hours (look) for the last house 10 Tom: Let’s (go) for a swim! Ann: I'm not particularly keen on (swim) What about (go) for a drive instead? 11 .I want the boy (grow) up hating violence but his father keeps (buy) him guns and swords It’s almost impossible (prevent) boy (play) soldiers 12 Would your children mind (keep) quiet for a moment? I'm trying (fill) in a form It’s no use (ask) children (keep) quiet They can't help (make) a noise 13 I'm thinking of (go) to Oxford tomorrow on my motorbike Would you like (come)? No, thanks I want (go) Oxford, but I'd rather (go) by train I loathe (travel) by road 14 Let’s (go) (fish) today There’s a nice wind What about (come) with us, Ann? No, thanks I'm very willing (cut) sandwiches for you but I’ve no intention of (waste) the afternoon (sit) in a boat (watch) you two (fish) 15 He resented (be) asked (wait) He expected the minister (see) him at once 16 The police have put up a railing here (prevent) people (rush) out of the station and (dash) straight across the road 17 All day long we saw the trees (toss) in the wind and heard the waves (crash) again the rocks 18 I didn’t mean (eat) anything but the cakes looked so good that I couldn’t resist (try) one 19 Do you feel like (walk) there or shall we (take) a bus? I'd rather go by bus Besides, it’ll take ages (get) there on foot 20 All right When would you like (start)? In a few minutes? Oh, let’s wait till it stops (rain); otherwise we’ll get soak (walk) to the bus station 21 The old miser spent all his time (count) his money and (think) up new hiding-places He kept (move) it about because he was terrified of (be robbed) He used (get) up at night sometimes (make) sure it was still there 22 Jack suggested (let) one flat and (keep) the other for myself But Tom advised me (sell) the whole house 23 The child used (lean) on the gate (watch) the people (go) to work in the mornings and (Come) home in the evenings And he used to hear them (shout) greetings to each other and (talk) loudly Lop11.com (5) 24 He soon got (know) most of them and even managed (learn) the greetings Then they began (greet) him too on their way to work and sometimes would stop (talk) to him on their way home 25 He succeeded in (untie) himself, (climb) out of the window and (crawl) along a narrow ledge to the window of the next room 26 Did you have any trouble (find) the house? No, but I had a lot of difficult (get) in Nobody seemed (know) where the key was 27 Bill couldn’t bear (see) anyone (sit) round idly Whenever he found me (relax) or (read) he would (produce) a job which, he said, had (be) done at once I wasted a morning (perform) his ridiculous tasks and spent the rest of the weekend (keep) out of his way 28 After (spend) a week in the cottage, he decided that he didn’t really enjoy (live) in the country and began (think) of an excuse for (sell) the cottage and (return) to London 29 It’s no use (argue) with him You might as well (argue) with a stone wall He is incapable of (see) anyone else’s point of view 30 I'm delighted (hear) that you can come on Saturday We are all looking forward to (see) you Remember (bring) your rubber boots TỰ CHỌN -UNIT – Reported speech with infinitive Period +2 EXERCISES: I/ Indirect speech: commands, requests, advice, suggestions Put the following into indirect speech ‘Would you please fill in this form and then join in the queue by the door?’ said the clerk ‘Could you read the last sentence again, please?’ said the girl ‘Could I have a new queue book, please?’ said the girl ‘Could you show me your old cheque book?’ said the bank clerk Postcard: be ready to move off at very short notice, Tom Ann (reading it to Mary): Tom says that we … ‘Please, please don’t tell my mother,’ begged the boy ‘Don’t fire except in self-defence,’ said the police sergeant ‘Why don’t you task the rest of the day off?’ said my assistant ‘Will you have me to move the piano please?’ said my aunt ‘Don’t drive too close to the car in front,’ said the driving instructor 10 ‘Don’t smoke near the petrol pumps,’ said the mechanic 11 ‘When you have chosen a book, bring it to me and I'll stamp it,’ said the librarian 12 ‘Show the boarding card to the man at the roof of the gangway,’ said the clerk 13 ‘Reduce speech now,’ said a huge notice (omit now) 14 ‘Could I see your tickets, please?’ said the inspector 15 ‘Keep an eye on your luggage,’ he said ‘This place is full of thieves 16 ‘When you have read this, pass it on to the next person on the list,’ he said 17 ‘Why not light a fire on the bank and cook the fish at once?’ suggested the fisherman 18 ‘Whenever you see the number “7” on the screen, press this button,’ he said 19 ‘Sit down and tell me what is worrying you,’ he said to her 20 ‘Walk along the line of men,’ said the police sergeant ‘and if you recognize your attacker, just nod Don’t say anything.’ 21 ‘Even if you feel hungry don’t eat anything between meals,’ said the dietician 22 ‘Could you ring up the taxi rank and order a taxi for me?’ said Tom ‘Why don’t you go by tube?’ said Ann ‘It’s much quicker.’ 23 ‘Let’s buy some yeast and make our own bread,’ said Mary ‘The bread we’re getting now is absolutely tasteless.’ Lop11.com (6) 24 ‘IF you have to use the river water,’ said the guide, ‘boil it first Don’t drink it unboiled.’ 25 ‘Let’s not tell anyone,’ said Tom, ‘till we are quite certain that the report is true.’ 26 Tom (on the phone to Ann): I’ve got the tickets Meet me at the air terminal at 6.30 (Image you are Ann Report this message to Mary, who is standing beside you Begin :Tom says …) 27 ‘Let’s show that we are united,’ urged the shop steward, ‘by voting unanimously to continue the strike.’ 28 ‘Will customer please count their change,’ said a notice above the cashier’s desk, ‘as mistakes can't be rectified afterwards?’ 29 ‘Don’t clap yet,’ warned my friend ‘She hasn’t finished Singers loathe people who clap too soon,’ he added 30 ‘Don’t forget to put your name at the top of the page,’ he said TỰ CHỌN – UNIT REPORTED SPEED WITH GERUND suggest admit insist on apologize for accuse sb of dream of prevent sb from deny thank sb for 10 think of 11 look forward to I/ Put the following into indirect speech He said, ‘IF what you say is true I must go to the police.’ He said, ‘I must be at the docks at six a.m tomorrow.’ ‘Must you make such a noise?’ he asked ‘You mustn’t come in with out knocking,’ he told us ‘Your tickets will cost 5$,’ I said ‘In that case,’ said my nephew, ‘I must go to the bank tomorrow.’ Park notice: Dogs must be kept on a lead His father said, ‘Tom must work harder next term.’ ‘You needn’t come in tomorrow,’ said my employer ‘Take the day off.’ ‘I must go to the dentist tomorrow,’ he said ‘I have an appointment.’ 10 Notice: passengers must not lean out of the window 11 He said, ‘There must be someone in the house; there’s smoke coming from the chimney.’ 12 She said, ‘When you are a big boy you’ll have to ties in your own shoes.’ 13 ‘Port wine must be never shaken,’ my wine merchant said 14 ‘He hasn’t had anything to eat since breakfast; he must be starving,’ she said 15 The official said, ‘This passport photo isn’t like you at all You must have another one taken.’ II/ Indirect speech to direct speech Put the following into indirect speech with the appropriate punctuation She asked if he’ like to go to the concert and I said that I was sure she would She told me to look where I was going as the road was full of holes and was very badly lit They said that while they were bathing they saw someone examining their clothes I asked if she had looked everywhere and she said that she had She suggested giving her a bottle of wine He said that the new carpet had arrived and asked where he was to put it He said that two days previously an enormous load of fire wood had been dumped at his front gate and that since then he hadn’t been able to get his car They offered me some more wine and I accepted Lop11.com (7) He said that if I found the front door locked I was to go round to the back 10 She asked the burglars who they were and who had let them in They told her to sit down and keep quiet unless she wanted to get hurt 11 He asked what the weather had been like during my holidays and I said that it had been awful 12 He suggested going down the harbour and seeing if they could hire a boat 13 He said that if I didn’t like escalators I could go up the emergency staircase I thanked him and said that I would it 14 He suggested that he and I should go ahead and get tickets 15 He said that he thought my electric iron was unsafe and advised me to have it seen to TỰ CHỌN – UNIT Period - CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Present real condition If + S + simple present - S + will (can, shall, may) + Verb in simple form Ex: If he tries much more, he will improve his English Present unreal condition If + S + simple past - S + would (could, should, might) + Verb in simple form Ex: If I had enough money now, I would buy this house Ex: If I were you, I wouldn't such a thing Past unreal condition If + S + had + PIII/ED - S + would(could, shoult,might) + have + PIII/ED Ex: If he had studied harder for that test, he would have passed it Ex: If she had caught the train, she would be here by now *Some others types: If you will/would : Ex: If you will/would wait for a moment, I will go and see if Mr Conner is here If + Subject + Will/Would : Ex: If he will listent to me, I can help him Ex: If you will turn on the music loudly late the night, no wonder why your neighbour complain If you could: Ex: If you could open your book, please If + Subject + should + + imperative Ex: If you should find any dificulty in using that TV, please call me this number Should you inf then: Ex: If she can’t come to us, then we will have to go and see her the condition expresses the fact we can use the simple tense Ex: If you want to learn a musical instrument, you have to practice Ex: If you did not much maths at school, you will find economics difficult to understand Lop11.com (8) Ex: If that was Marry, why didn’t she stop and say hello If should = If happen to = If should happen to to express something not sure Ex: If you should happen to pass a supermarket, perhaps you could get some eggs If was/were to Ex: If the boss was/were to come in now (= if the boss came in now), we would be in real trouble Ex: What would we if I was/were to lose my job Ex: If you were to to move your chair a bit, we could all sit down Ex: Correct:If I knew her name, I would tell you Incorrect: If I was/were to know If it + to be + not + for: Ex: Ex: If it wasn’t/weren’t for the children, that couple wouldn’t have any thing to talk about Ex: If it hadn’t been for your help, I don’t know what we would have done Not is sometimes added to express surprise Ex: Ex: I wonder if we shouldn’t ask the doctor to look at Mary It would if + subject + would (not used in writing speed) Ex: Ex: It would be better if they would tell every body in advance Ex: Ex: How would we feel if this would happen to our family If ‘d have ‘have: thường sử dụng văn nói, không sử dụng văn viết Ex: Ex: If I’d have known, I’d have told you Ex: Ex: If she’d have recognized him it would have been funny If + preposition + noun/verb (subject + be bÞ l-îc bá) Ex: If in doubt, ask for help (=If you are in doubt) Ex: If about to go on a long journey, try to have a good nights sleep (= If you are about to go on ) If + any/anything/ever/not Ex: There is little if any good evidence for flying saucers (=There is little evidence if ther is any at all, for flying saucers) Ex: I’m not angry If anything, I feel a little surprised Ex: I’d say he was more like a father, if anything Ex: He seldom if ever travel abroad Ex: Usually, if not always, we write “cannot” as one word If + Adjective = although Ex: His style, if simple, is pleasant to read Ex: The profits, if little lower than last year’s, are still extremely wealthy His style may be simple, but it is pleasant to read Period - EXERCISES *CONDITIONAL SENTENSES Lop11.com (9) TASK Complete the sentences with the suitable form of the verbs in parentheses If he ( decide) ……………earlier , he could have left on the afternoon flight What ……… you (do)………….if you (be)………in my situations? If he (leave)…………his bicycle outside, someone will steal it If I had seen the movie , I (tell)………….you about it Mrs Brown always talks to her pupils as though they (be)……….adults 6………… you (have)………… any problem with the product , contact our local dealer He’ll never feel happy unless she (call)………… .him Had they not found any new sponsors , the exhibition ( close)…………… If you multiply by 12, you (get)…………… 96 10 If you (listen)…………to my advice in the first place , you wouldn’t be in this mess right now TASK 2:Rewrite the sentences , beginning with the words in brackets I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone! ( Unless) ………………………………………………………… I didn’t have an umbrella with me and so I got wet ( If ) ……………………………………………………………… You press this button to stop the machine ( If ) ……………………………………………………………… If you see Peter , tell him he should be here at 8.00 (Should) ……………………………………………………………… Provided that you leave an address we will be able to contact you (Unless) ……………………………………………………………………… Without Jack’s help , I wouldn’t have been able to move the table (If ) ……………………………………………………………………… He would have lent you his car if you’d asked him ( Had ) ……………………………………………………………………… If you changed your mind , you ’d be welcome to join us ( Were) ……………………………………………………………………… They are having a row because she borrowed his tennis racket and lost it (If) ……………………………………………………………………… 10 Unless you save some money , you will never be able to buy a car.( Provided) ……………………………………………………………………… Answers Conditional sentences Task 1 had decided 2.would…do / were leaves would have told were Should you have calls would have closed get 10 had listened TASK 2:Rewrite the sentences , beginning with the words in brackets Unless you leave me alone ,I’ll call the police If I had had an umbrella with me, I wouldn’t have got wet If you press this button , the machine stops Lop11.com (10) Should you see Peter , tell him he should be here at 8.00 Unless you leave an address we will not be able to contact you If Jack hadn’t helped me , I wouldn’t have been able to move the table Had you asked him , he would have lent you his car Were you to change your mind , you ’d be welcome to join us If she hadn’t lost his tennis racket ,they wouldn’t be having a row 10.Provided that you save some money , you will be able to buy a car TỰ CHỌN – UNIT ( Period +2) SOME, ANY PRONOUN: ONE(S), SOMEONE, ANYONE, NO ONE, EVERYONE EXERCISE:Some, any and compound, e.g somebody, anything, somehow Insert some or any, making the appropriate compounds if necessary There’s … milk in that jug She wanted … stamps but there weren’t … in the machine I’m afraid there isn’t … coffee left; will you grid …? Is there … one here who speaks Italian? I’d like to buy … new clothes but I haven’t … money There’s … gin in the cupboard but there aren’t glasses They can’t have … more strawberries; I want … to make jam … one I know told me … of the details Have you … idea who could have borrowed your bicycle? 10 I saw hardly … one I knew at the party, and I didn’t get … thing to drink 11 When you would like to come? … day would suit me 12 Are there … letters for me? 13 Don’t let … one in I’m busy to see … body 14 … thing tells me you’ve got … bad news for me 15 I can’t see my glasses … where 16 We didn’t think he’d succeed but he managed … now 17 You’re looking very miserable; has … Thing upset you? 18 If you had … sense you wouldn’t leave your car unlocked 19 Scarcely … was one wearing a dinner jacket 20 … one who believes what Jack says is a fool 21 She put her handbag down … where and now she can’t find it 22 Will you have … pudding or … fruit? 23 Haven’t you got … friend in Rome? I feel sure you mentioned them once 24 Haven’t you got … friends here? You should join in club and get to know people 25 I see you haven’t … maps Would you like borrow … of mine? 26 … one can tell you how to get there (Everyone knows the way.) 27 Come and have supper with us if you aren’t doing … thing tonight 28 I … how imagined the house would be much larger 29 All the salaries are being paid much later now; it’s … thing to with the computer 30 He lives … where in France now 31 You can’t expect just … student to solve the problem It requires a mathematician 32 He is not very well known here but he’s … one (an important person) in his own country 33 Where shall we sit? Oh … where will Lop11.com (11) 34 IS there … one moving about downstairs? I heard … thing falling 35 Is there … one living in that house? It looks deserted Would you like … thing to drink? There’s … very good beer in the fridge Lop11.com (12)