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2.Khi chủ ngữ thứ nhất không phải là người thực hiện hành động ở mệnh đề“So that”: a.. Khaúng ñònh: Ex: +The man spoke loudly so that everybody could hear him clearly.[r]
(1)SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION I THE INFINITIVE: TO Vo + BE + ADJ V-ING IT + BE + ADJ + TO Vo ( thật là để làm ) Ex: a b To learn English is difficult It is Doing this exercise is easy It is S + V + in time IT + TAKES + O + time + Vo TOOK Ex: ( thời gian để làm ) a b c She walks to school in fifteen minutes It takes He wrote this letter in thirty minutes It took Mary spent many hours learning the lessons It took S1 + V + SO + ADJ/ ADV + THAT + S2 + (CAN’T) + V S1 + V + TOO + ADJ/ ADV + ( FOR O ) + TO Vo ( Quá nỗi không thể ) Ex: a She was so sick that she couldn’t go to work She was too b This soup is too hot for me to eat -> This soup is so S + BE + TOO + ADJ + ( chủ ngữ giống ) ( chủ ngữ khác ) ( FOR O) + TO Vo S + BE + NOT + ADJ (traùi nghóa) + ENOUGH + ( FOR O) + TO V Ex: a He is too young to understand this problem -> He isn’t b The house is too small for six of us to live in The house isn’t Lop11.com (2) S (NOUN) + V + SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE S + V + SUCH + A(N) + ADJ + NOUN + THAT + CLAUSE Ex: a The bridge was so low that the lorry couldn’t go under it -> It was such b He is such a poor boy that he had to work at an early age -> The boy was so TO INFINITIVE GERUND Ex: a It was wonderful to see our friends again Seeing b To be watched made me nervous Being c It is dangerous to ride a motorbike than to drive a car Riding II BECAUSE + CLAUSE BECAUSE OF + PHRASE ( vì) BECAUSE + S + BE + ADJ BECAUSE OF + HIS/ HER/ MY + NOUN ( sở hữu) ( Adj-ness) Ex: a b He always get bad marks because he is lazy Because of My friend was absent because of her sickness My friend was absent because BECAUSE + THE + NOUN + BE + ADJ BECAUSE OF + THE + ADJ + NOUN Ex: a b Because the weather was wet, the football match was put off Because of We were late for school because of the heavy traffic Because Lop11.com (3) BECAUSE + S + V BECAUSE OF + V-ING Ex: a Because he drove carelessly, he had an accident Because of b Because of going out in the rain yesterday, she caught cold Because III ALTHOUGH + CLAUSE IN SPITE OF + PHRASE: ( maëc duø) -Although = Though -In spite of = Despite Cách biến đổi từ Clause -> Phrase tương tự phần II ( Because ) Ex: a The plane took off though the weather was bad In spite of b Although he was ill, he went to school Despite c Although they tried all their best, they lost the game In spite of IV SO THAT + CLAUSE IN ORDER TO + Vo : ( để) -So that = In order that -In order (not ) to + Vo = So as (not ) to + Vo = (not) to + Vo -In order (not) for O + to Vo = So as (not) for O + to Vo Khi chủ ngữ thứ là người làm chủ hành động mệnh đề sau “ So that”: a khaúng ñònh: Ex: - I shouted so that I could warn everyone of danger I shouted in order to - Tom is saving up He wants to buy a new bicycle Tom is saving up in order to Tom is saving up in order that b.Phuû ñònh: Ex: - She put on the warm clothes so that she wouldn’t catch cold She put on the warm clothes in order not + He locked the door She didn’t want to be disturbed He locked the door in order not He locked the door in order that Lop11.com (4) 2.Khi chủ ngữ thứ không phải là người thực hành động mệnh đề“So that”: a Khaúng ñònh: Ex: +The man spoke loudly so that everybody could hear him clearly The man spoke loudly in order for +He gave me his address He wanted me to visit him He gave me his address in order He gave me his address in order that b Phuû ñònh: Ex: + Please shut the door so that the dog can’t go out of the house Please shut the door in order for + Mary hid the novel under her pillow She didn’t want her father to see it Mary hid the novel under her pillow in order that Mary hid the novel under her pillow in order for VI S + HAVE / HAS NOT + Ved/ -> IT’S THE FIRST TIME + S + HAVE / HAS + Ved/3 a I haven’t seen that man here before It’s the first time b I have never read this book before It’s the first time c My father hasn’t driven a car before This is the first time VI S+ HAVE / HAS + NOT+Ved/3 … SINCE ( FOR) -> S + LAST + Ved/2 WHEN -> THE LAST TIME + S + WAS a I haven’t heard from him since August The last time b I haven’t seen him since I was a student I last saw c I haven’t played football since 1970 The last time IX S + STARTED/ BEGAN … AGO -> S + HAVE / HAS + BEEN + V+ING + SINCE ( FOR) a He started working for this factory a year ago He has He has b Tom began playing the piano four years ago Tom has X S+ V (Present perfect) … + TIME -> IT IS + TIME …+ SINCE … + V (s past) ( Negative) a Tom and Mary have been married for five years It is b I haven’t seen my father for one month It’s one month c Tom has not had his hair cut for over months It is over Lop11.com (5)