Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Xu the hgi nhap, tang cifdng hop tac tren quy mo toan cau da md ra nhiifng bUdc tien mdi cho qua trinh phat trien cua cac qudc gia, dac hiet la nhiifng nudc dang phat trien. Trong b[r]
(1)VAN HOA N G H F T H U A T TROMC MlWC
DL LICH VA VAN HOA DU LICH
• • 6 MS6C TA HIEN NAY
NGUYfiN T H I L O N
1 Du Ijch
Du lich cd thi dugc hieu la viec di lai ciia timg ca nhan hoac timg nhdm ngudi rdi khdi chd d khoang thdi gian ngin, din cac vting xung quanh dl nghi ngoi, giai trf hay chira benh Nhiing hoat dgng di chuyen ciia ngudi d hay ngoai nude, trir viee di cu trii chfnh tri, tim viec lam va xam lugc, diu mang y nghia du lich Theo Luat
du lich Viet Nam, "du lich la cac hoat dgng cd lien quan din chuyen di ciia ngudi ngoai noi cu trii thudng xuyen ciia minh nhim dap img nhu clu tham quan, tim hieu, giai trf, nghi dudng mdt khoang thdi gian nhat dinh'Xl)
Dil ed nhilu each hilu khac nhau, song du lich ciing da, dang trd mgt nhu clu ddi
sdng tinh thin ciia ngudi, la clu ndi eho sir phat triln kinh te ciia mdi qudc gia
Du lich la mgt hoat dgng ddi tir rat sdm, nhung phai den giai doan hien mdi thuc su phat triln va dang chuyin minh trd mgt nganh cong nghiep xuat khiu tai chd mang lai gia tri cao Dilu the hien ro viee tao cdng an viec lam, tang thu nhap, nang cao ddi sdng ciia ngudi lao dgng, dac biet la nhtmg ngudi lam cac linh vuc cd lien quan din du lich nhu hudng din vien, nhan vien lam viec d nhieu khu vui choi giai trf, cac nha hang, khach san, van chuyin Ddng thdi, qua trinh hoat dgng du lich, cac gia tri van hda
Xu the hgi nhap, tang cifdng hop tac tren quy mo toan cau da md nhiifng bUdc tien mdi cho qua trinh phat trien cua cac qudc gia, dac hiet la nhiifng nudc dang phat trien Trong bdi canh ddi mdi dait nuac, thuc hien cong nghiep hda, hien dai hoa tren cac llnh vuc, nganh du ljch Viet Nam da dat dugc nhieu tlianh tuu, va dan kh^ng djnh dugc vai tro mui nhgn nen ldnh te qudc dan
dan tdc dugc danh thirc, khoi phuc, khai thac, bao tdn, triing tu, gdp phan bao luu, gin giu cho thi he sau
Du lich \'a cae nganh kmh t l cd mdi quan he tuong hd lln nhau, du lich phat triln se tao da thiic dly cac nganh cting phat triln, nhat la nhitng linh vuc nhu san xuat hang hda, van chuyen, kinh doanh dich vu nha hang, khach san
Nhu vay, du lich la mgt mat xfch rat quan trgng, cd tac dung ndi ket cac nganh nln kinh te' lai vdi nhau, de tao mgt day chuyen hoan chinh, lam eho bg may chung hoat dgng mgt each hieu qua va mang lai nhilu lgi fch cho xa hgi
Du lich la mgt nganh kinh te' nhay cam, lu6n bi anh hudng bdi nhilu ye'u td nhu kinh te, chfnh tri, phap luat Du lich mudn phat triln vimg manh thi trudc het phai dn dinh tinh hinh nudc, ben canh dd cin md rong giao luu, hgp tae nhung phai dua tren ca sd thuc trang va ngudn lire ciia qudc gia, nhim tao nhiing thi trudng mdi, dgc dao, hap din Cimg vdi sir md rong pham vi hoat dgng, du ljch da lam gia tang nhanh chdng vl sd lugng phin cu dan va phin du khach Neu nhu trudc day du lich chi danh rieng cho ting ldp thuang luu, cd dieu kien, thi nd khdng cdn bi bd hep, gidi han, ma da md rong vdi su tham gia ciia nhilu ngudi, de'n tit nhilu noi tren the gidi vdi dii qudc tich, mau da, ton giao Viec da dang v | phin cu dan va phin du khach, da dat
(2)nganh du ljch Viet Nam trudc nhu'ng co hdi va thach thirc de phat trien tuong lai
Xa hgi phat triln, eon ngudi ludn ban rgn vdi cdng viec, ed thdi gian, hg thfch di du lich de giai tda ap lire, trai nghiem cugc sdng, tie'p thu cac tri thirc nhan loai, lam giau them vdn kiln thirc Do vay du ljch khdng thi phat triln mgt each don dieu, ma phai phong phii, da dang, mdi thu hiit dugc du khach
Hien tai, thi trudng du lich Viet Nam phat trie'n vdi nhilu loai hinh, nhilu tour, tuyen mdi la, ha'p din
Du lich nghi dudng la loai hinh cd nhilu lgi
the phat triln d nude ta Cac dilm dugc khai thac phuc vu nhu clu ciia du khach, nhu Ba Na (Da Ning), Sa Pa (Lao Cai), Mlu Son (Lang Son), Da Lat, va mgt sd resort d cac bai biln la nhtrng nai cd hau mat me, lanh, phong canh tuoi dep, cd nhirng net van hda tgc ngudi rai dgc dao, vdi nhilu djch vu phuc vu tdt nhai cho nhu clu nghi ngoi thu gian, nang cao siic khde ciia du khach
VAN HOA DLTONG f)AI Du lich sinli thdi la hinh thiic du ljch dua
vao thien nhien, gin vdi ban sic van hda dja phuang vdi sir tham gia eiia egng ddng nhim phat trien ben virng (2)
Dugc thien nhien uu dai, cd khf hau thuan lgi, va mgt ngudn tai nguyen ddi dao vdi nhilu khu bao tdn thien nhien, cac khu du trir sinh quyen, vudn qude gia vdi tilm nang phat triln manh nhu vjnh Ha Long, VQG Ciic Phuong, VQG Phong Nha - Ke Bang, hd Ba Bl , nudc ta dang la dilm de'n ly tudng cho khach mud'n tham gia tour du ljch sinh thai
Du lich the thao la loai hinh mdi, rat thfch
hgp vdi gidi tre, nang dgng, ua thich kham pha, mao hiim, phat triln manh d cac nudc chau Au nhu trugt tuyet, leo niii, ludt sdng, danh golf Viet Nam cd nhilu dilu kien dl phat trien loai hinh du lich thi thao, vdi nhieu bai bien dep nhu Nha Trang, Mui Ne, Co To, Lang C6, Da Ning thuan lgi eho cac m6n thi thao dudi nudc nhu danh bdng chuyin, ludt sdng, lan Nudc ta ed rat nhilu niii, nhung khdng cao, vi
(3)VAN HOA NGHE THUAT TROMC MIWC
vay du ljch leo niii bj han ehi Hien mdi chi khai thac dugc dinh Phan xi pang (nggn mii cao nhai Viet Nam va dugc coi la nde nha ciia Ddng Duang) \'a mgt sd nggn niii khac nhung hieu qua ehua cao Vdi mdt he thdng cac san golf ldn, nhd khac nhau, dd co san golf dap irng dugc eae tieu chuin tdt nhai la Long Thanh (Ddng Nai), Thii Diie (TP.HCM), Sdng Be (Binh Duong), Ngoi Chf Linh (Hai Duong), Ddng Md (Ha Ngi), thu hut sd lugng ldn ngudi den chai Golf la mdn thi thao danh cho nhirng ngudi cd thu nhap eao, day chi'nh la ddi tugng khach tilm nang ma cac doanh nghiep du ljch cin phai quan tam phat triln
Du lich thien dang tao lan sdng mdi tai
cac nudc phat triln, la loai hinh than thien vdi mdi trudng, ddng thdi mang lai sir can bing cugc sdng Theo thd'ng ke, Viet Nam hien ed khoang 120 thiln vien, va nhilu ngdi chiia ndi tie'ng cd thi khai thac Cac tour du ljch thiln d nudc ta thudng kit hgp giua cac ldp tap yoga, ngdi thiln hay cac lieu phap spa vdi viec tham cac chiia, thiln vien Trong bdi canh hgi nhap toan clu du ljch thiln se la loai hinh du ljch dly hira hen, khdng rieng ciia Viet Nam, ma cdn ciia nhieu nudc
Du lich vdn hda la hinh thuc du ljch dua vao
ban sac van hda dan toe vdi su tham gia eiia
>« 3 a c
'<o
c
O
> c
•D £
O 3 T3 £
u
edng ddng nhim bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri van hda tru\ln thdng (3)
Voi bl day ljch sir qua trinh dung nude va giir nudc, Viet Nam cd nguon tai ngu>en nhan van ddi dao Di den bat ky mgt vting miln nao ciia td qude, ta diu bit gap cac gia trj van hda hien hiru ddi sdng ciia ngudi, dd la cay da, ben nudc, san dinh, ll hgi lang, cae phien chg que mang nhtmg net rieng ma ft qude gia cd dugc
Cimg vdi cac tai nguyen tu nhien, tai nguyen \'an hda la mgt nhtmg dac trung cho phat triln du ljch ciia Viet Nam Gia trj eiia nhtmg di san van hda nhu di tieh ljch sir, cong trinh kiln true, loai hinh nghe thuat, tap quan, lang nghi la nhung ddi tugng cho du khach kham pha tim hilu Du lich van hda d Viet Nam dugc td chiic dua tren dac dilm ciia dja phuang, tirng vting miln nhu du ljch vting Tay Bic, ddng bing Nam Bg, eon dudng di san miln Trung
Du ljch Viet Nam dang tap trung khai thac cac di tfeh da dugc UNESCO cong nhan la di san t h i gidi, day la nhtrng diem thu hiit sir quan tam ciia khach du ljch Quin the di tich-ed dd H u l , nai luu giir, chiia dung nhilu gia trj tieu bieu eho trf tue va t i m hdn dan tgc, bao gdm cac c6ng trinh quach, cung dien, lang tim nguy nga, trang le Phd cd Hgi
An cd gia trj rat ldn vl ; I mat kien triic, hlu nhu i '3'; cac e6ng trinh vin dugc
i giir nguyen ven, thi hien sir giao thoa ciia van hda ban dja vdi Trung Hoa, Nhat Ban Thanh dja My Son la da'u tfeh cdn lai eiia nln van hda va tin ngudng Champa xua Khu trung tam Hoang Thang Long la minh chirng cho nln van hie'n lau ddi ciia nguai Viet sudt chilu dai ljch sir, vdi nhilu di tieh khao cd cho thay day la trung
(4)VAN HOA DLfONG SAI tam kinh te, ehinh trj, van hda ciia nudc ta
qua nhilu vuong trilu
Ngoai mgt loai hinh du ljch van hda cung rat dugc quan tam, dd la du ljch tham lai chien trudng xua, ddi tugng chi'nh dl khai thac dd la cac dilm, khu vuc edn luu giir lai cac di tfeh chiln tranh, ghi da'u tdi ac eiia quan xam luge nhu Dien Bien Phii, Nga ba Ddng Ldc, dja dao Cii Chi, nha tti Cdn Dao, nghia trang Trudng Son
Ben canh viec khai thac cac gia trj van hda vat the, hien cae gia trj van hda phi vat thi cting dugc khai thac vao muc dfch du ljch Viet Nam dugc coi la cai ndi van hda ciia khu vuc Ddng Nam A, trai qua nhilu thang trim ciia ljch sir, the he dng cha ta da sang tao nhilu loai hinh nghe thuat mang dac trung rieng ciia van hda dan tdc nhu cheo, tudng, eai luang, hat then, ca Hue, hat vi dam , mang sic thai tirng vting mien rieng biet, nhtrng am hudng va tinh cam khac Dac biet mgt sd nhtrng loai hinh nghe thuat da dugc UNESCO cdng nhan la di san van hda phi vat the nhu ca trii, nha nhac cung dinh Hue', khdng gian van hda cdng chieng Tay Nguyen, quan hg Bic Ninh la nhu'ng san phlm van hda tieu bilu cho qua trinh phat trien, giao luu van hda giira Viet Nam vdi cac dan tgc khac, va la ngudn tai nguyen dgc dao de thu hut khach tham quan
Hien nay, nganh du ljch da phat triln mgt sd tour du ljch ban lang, khai thac cae phong tuc tap quan ciia ddng bao cae tgc ngudi, bing each dua khach vl cac budn, ban sinh hoat, an d Cling vdi dan, sdng theo tap quan nai hg den mgt khoang thdi gian, de khach ed thi tim hilu dugc nhirng net van hda truyin thdng dac trung eiia ttTng tgc ngudi Loai hinh thfch hgp vdi nhung noi cd nhilu ddng bao dan tgc thilu sd, dae biet phat triln manh d Sa Pa, va dugc coi la mdt hudng di mdi, vira gdp phin xda ddi giam ngheo, vira phat huy ban sic van hda ciia mdi tgc ngudi,
0 Viet Nam ll hgi thudng diln quanh nam, nhung tap trung nhat la vao mtia xuan, phin ldn cac ll hdi gin liln vdi cac sir kien ljch sir, tudng nhd nhitng ngudi cd cdng ddi vdi dai
nude Su da dang ll hgi ciia nudc ta vira la net dep van hda din tgc, vira la mgt nhirng san phlm du ljch hap din du khach
Festival, dugc xem la hoat dgng du ljch van hda dac sic nhat Viet Nam, la loai hinh du ljch mdi, nhung lai phat trien rai manh, dugc du khach ua thfch Nudc ta cd nhilu festival nhu Festival Hue, Festival hoa Da Lat, Festival liia gao Festival trai cay Festival gdm sii Festival phao hoa Da Ning Day chfnh la nai quang ba hinh anh vl dat nudc ngudi Viet Nam tdi ban be the gidi mgt each hieu qua nhat
Du ljch lang nghi, la loai hinh du ljch van hda tdng hgp giiia tham quan, vdi mua sim Viet Nam cd rat nhilu lgi the'eho phat trien, bdi chiing ta cd rat nhieu lang nghi ndi tie'ng, cd ljch sir hinh ttr lau ddi nhu gdm Bat Trang, lua Van Phiic, tranh Ddng Hd, chieu Nga Son, vang bac Chau Khe Trong nhtrng nam gin day du ljch lang nghi thu hiit dugc rat nhieu khach, dac biet la khach Tay Au, Bic My, Nhat Ban, Han Qudc
Hien nay, xay dung cac chuang trinh, cac loai hinh, chiing ta diu dam bao phat trien du ljch theo hudng bin virng Viec phat trien du ljch bin virng, da mang Iai lgi fch thiet thuc cho cong ddng, ching nhirng khdng pha hiiy hoac Iam suy thoai caC ngudn tai nguyen du ljch, ma cdn ddng gdp vao su tang trudng vl kinh te, xa hgi, mdi trudng
2 Van hda du ljch
Van hda du ljch la mot pham trti rong ldn, the hien nhu'ng gia trj van hda ciia toan bg hoat dgng du ljch Hoat ddng eiia du ljch diu hudng vao muc dfch hinh nen nhiing ban sic van hda dac trung ciia tirng qude gia Hieu mgt each thong thudng, dd la viec nghien eii:u cac gia trj van hda dl phue vu eho phat triln du lich
Van hda la tai nguyen dgc dao ed vai trd quan trgng viec quylt djnh den quy md, loai hinh, chat lugng, hieu qua ciia hoat dgng du ljch Du ljch phat trien virng manh hay khong phu thugc vao cac gia trj van hda, bdi van hda ehinh la dilu kien, moi trudng eho du ljch phat sinh va phat trien
(5)VAN HQA N G H F THUAT TROMC MlWc
Du ljch va van hda cd mdi quan he bd trg cho nhau, ban than hoat dgng du ljch da cd sin tfnh van hda, nhung xet vl ban chat, nd vin la mgt hoat dgng kinh doanh, viec kei hgp nhuIn nhuyin van hda va du ljch, se tao cho du ljch nhiing san phlm mang tfnh van hda cao hon va du ljch se ddng vai trd la phuong tien dl danh thirc, khai thac, truyin tai va trinh diln cae gia trj van hda tdt nhat
Neu du ljch van hda la viec hudng vao muc dfch tim hilu, kham pha, hgc hdi, va bao tdn cac gia trj van hda truyin thdng, thi van hda du ljch lai thi hien hanh vi irng xir, dao diic ciia ngudi ddi vdi eae gia trj van hda truyin thdng dd
Nhu vay van hda hoat dgng du ljch dugc hilu la cac hanh vi irng xir, dao dire, tae phong lam viee cua nhan vien phue vu, ciia nhirng ngudi kinh doanh du ljch, eiia cu dan, thai irng xir ciia du khach ddi vdi nai hg de'n tham quan
Tinh trang chung d eae dilm du ljch nude ta la nhiim, sir thie'u y thirc ciia ca ngudi hoat dgng du ljch va ngudi tham gia du ljch Trong dd moi trudng nudc bj nhiim nang nhat, lugng chit thai rat ldn, khdng diing nai quy djnh, lam cho cdng viec xir ly bj khd khan, gay mai my quan va lam xuai hien mgt sd loai vi khuin gay hai Ngoai ra, viec xam hai ciia ngudi den tai nguyen la nguyen nhan din din tinh trang xudng cap ciia cac di tich, canh quan, lam suy giam he dgng thuc vat, rat khd eho viee khoi phuc lai
Thj trudng du ljch Viet Nam dang diln mgt nghjch ly, dd la sir trai ngugc vl y thiic viec bao ve mdi trudng gitra khach du ljch qudc t l va khach ngi dja Dilu thi hien ro, nlu nhu khach nude ngoai ton trgng cae van dl ve bao ve mdi trudng bao nhieu, thi khach ngi dja lai thd a bay nhieu, sin sang thai rac d mgi noi Van dl dat la mudn bao ve tdt mdi trudng du ljch thi trudc hei cin nang cao y thitc CLia mdi ngudi bing each md rong cac hinh thiic tuyen truyin, giao due ning eao nhan thirc, giup hg nhan tha'y tam quan trgng ciia viec bao ve mdi trudng
Viee thie'u y thirc eiia nhirng ngudi kinh doanh du ljch da true tiep lam xau di hinh anh ciia dilm du ljch, gay sir phan cam ciia khach tham quan Van dl diu tien phai nhic den la tinh trang mat ve sinh viec phuc vu an udng nhu thu'c an oi thiu, ed phlm mau, dung cu c h i bie'n khdng dam bao ve sinh , ben canh dd cdn xuat hien nhimg hien tugng treo ddu de
bdn thit chd lira ddi khach, khdng trung thuc
trong kinh doanh budn ban, lam cho khach mat thien cam, khdng ed y djnh quay lai
Do du ljch phat trien nhanh, thieu sir quan ly chat che va ddng bg da lam xuat hien te nan xa hgi nhu ca do, xdc dia, trd choi triing thudng, hay nhieu yeu td gia van hda sinh girgng ep de phuc vu du khach, va dang cd nguy co bj thuong mai hda Ben canh dd la tinh trang an xin, mdc trgm, cheo keo, tranh eudp khach da tac dgng tieu cue, anh hudng tdi phat triln du ljch
Ngoai cdn phai ke de'n thai va hanh vi ling xir ciia nhirng ngudi lam du ljch cdn mang tfnh vu lgi, trinh chuyen mdn nghiep vu chua cao, kha nang giao tiep va irng xir nhilu han che
Trong phat trien du ljch hien nay, van dl van hda ludn dugc dl cao, nd chfnh la ye'u td de quylt djnh tdi su cdng ciia du ljch Mudn du ljch phat triln thi cin cd mgt m6i trudng van hda tdt
Du ljch la mgt nganh cdng nghiep khdng khdi mang lai lgi nhuan cao Neu danh thirc dugc cac tilm nang va lgi the, thi du ljch se la ga de trung vang, tac dgng manh me tdi su phat triln kinh te xa hgi Ben canh phat trien nhanh du ljch, can cd nhtrng chfnh sach, bien phap bao tdn cac gia trj van hda, cac tai nguyen du ljch, phat trien du ljch mdt each ben vtrng; ddng thdi hoat dgng du lich phai ludn dam bao tfnh van hda, thi hien net van hoa tirng hoat dgng, tao In tuang td't de nganh du lich Viet Nam tan dung co hdi, phat trien viing manh •
N.T.L 1 Hoang Chi Dung, l^udt du lich Nxb Hdiis Due Ha Noi 2008 tr.6