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dQdc hodn thien tQng bade den nay mpt sd nhd thau xdy dQng d Viet Nam da ed loai thie't bj hidn dgi nha SP 500, Gomaco COMMANDER III... cd gidi hda ddng bd qud trinh xdy dQng mat dad[r]
(1)XUAN NHAMTHIN -2012
s d DVNG B l TONG Xi M A N G TRONG XAY DI^NG CAU O O O N G (Trich B^o cio cija Vu KHCN tai HQI thao
Lfng dung BTXM xay di/ng cong trinh giao thong)
1 T i n h h i n h p h a t t r i e n xay d u n g m a t d u d n g BTXM t r e n the g i d i va Vipt N a m tQ t r u d c tdi
1.1.Tinh hinh Ung dung cdng nghg xiy dgng mat dudng BTXM tren the gidi
Tu nhung nam 40 eua the ky trude ngUdi ta da xay dung hang tneu m dudng BTXM eae loai phue vu eho chien tranh, den thdi diem hau het cac nudc phat tnen tren the gidl da tap trung xay dung loai mat dudng Ty le eae dUdng true eua cac nude nhu My, Phap, Nhat, Due deu chiem tu 20-30% bang BTXM Ao ke't ca'u dudng BTXM ehie'm 2/3 tren tdng sd 14.000km dudng d td eao tde Trung Qude, Thai Lan lao mat dudng cung chie'm tu 40-57,6% cae dudng eao tde, dudng true ehinh
Ve edng nghe: The gidi da gan nhu hoan chi'nh ve phuong phap thie't ke, ve edng nghe thi edng Da nghien cuu san xua't cac may thi cdng lien hdp hoan ehinh, eae cdng nghe edt khe, va bao dudng cung da du'dc nghien cdu dat yeu cau ky thuat rat cac
Qua nghien edu thuc te tren the gidi da chdng td dUde tinh hieu qua cua Icai mat dudng BTXM va viec sd dung BTXM de xay dQng cac cdng trinh giao thdng dang la mdt xu hudng eho eae nude dang phat trien ap dung
1.2.Tinh hinh xiy dUng mat dudng BTXM d Vigt Nam
Giai doan trudc nam 1995: xay d u n g cdc c d n g trinh d u d n g H u n g VUdng (Ha Npi nam 1975, d u d n g Q u a n B a n h - CQa Ld (Nghe An) nam 1979, q u d c Id d o a n Thai
Nguyen - Bdc Can nam 1980, doan phi'c Bdc c a u ChUdng DUdng (Ha N d i ) , san ba^ Ndi B a i D a c d i e m c h u n g ve edng nghe la thi e d n g cd g i d i ket h d p v d i thu cdng, ky thuat tao khe bien dang gida cac ta'm don gian
- Giai doan sau nam 1995: xay dung eai tao san bay Tan Son Nhat, san bay Ndi Bai Qudc Id I A tai mdt so doan ngap lut tu Vmh den Ddng Ha fgan 100km), qude Id 12A, tram thu phi cau Bai Chay, dUOng Hd Chi Mmh nhanh phia Tay va nhanh Ddng (tong sd 439km) Nhin ehung d giai doan cdng nghe duqc phat tnen theo hudng eo g'di hda ddng bd vdi cac thiet bi hi&n dai nhap ngoai
Ngoai day cung da xay dung cac he thdng dudng giao thdng ndng thdn b^ng
BTXM gia Quy ddi toan bd chung ta ed dupe khoang hon 1113km chiem khoang hon 2.5°o (sd lieu nam 2006)
Hien dang trien khai dU an dudng Tuan tra bien gidi vdi chieu dai khoang
11000km sd dung ket cau mat dudng BTXM
1.3.Danh gia thuc trang ip dung cdng nghg xiy dung mat dudng BTXMd
Vigt Nam
a) Ve chat luong xay dung va khai thae duy tu bao dudng
Nhin chung chat Iupng m a t dudng tot, dap dng yeu cau chiu tai trpng n a n g va trung phuc (nhu cdc vj tri tram thu phi) Mpt so doan da dUPe ddnh gid dap Lfng yeu cau theo tieu chuan mat d u d n g B T X M cap cao n h u dudng Hung VUdng (Ha Ngi) hay doan tai trgm thu phf eau Bai C h d y
(2)XUAN NHAM THIN-2012
Mat dudng khd rdo, ma sdt tdt khai thdc an todn ddc biet tgi ede dogn dudng eong ed sieu eao Idn hay deo ddc
Chi phf eho tu, bdo dudng, sQa chQa thap
NhQde die'm kem em thudn, dp dn Idn, dp hao mdn Idp xe eao Ngodi edn ed mpt sd dpgn xud't hien hdng nha xud't hien nQt ngang vd dpc, vd mep mpt sd tam mat dadng, hdng khe eo gidn ldo hda matis Mpt sd Iddng dudng giao thdng ndng thdn sQ dung BTXM mde thap ddn den tde dp mdi mdn nhanh, tudi thp thap
b) Ve he thd'ng tieu ehuin quy phgm thie't ke vi thi cdng dUdng BTXM
Bp GTVT da ban hdnh tieu chuan thie't ke dp dung eho dadng BTXM : 22TCN 223-95;
Ben egnh dd ed the dp dyng ede tidu chuan khde eua Bp Xdy dyng vd ede tieu chuan thie't ke' eua nude ngodi (theo Thdng ta sd 09/2005/TT-BXD ngdy 07/4/2005; thdng tU sd 40/2009/TT-BXD ngdy 09/12/2009 eua Bd Xdy dQng - Id thdng ta sd 18/2010/TT-BXD ngdy 15/10/2010 eua Bd Xdy dQng) eung da dQdc trien khai kjp thdi theo dieu kien ey the eua tQng DQ dn
ChQa ed tieu chuan thi cdng vd nghidm thu hodn ehinh eho logi dadng ndy Tuy nhien vdi ede dQ dn xdy dQng mat dadng BTXM ey the' (vdn vay nade ngodi, nade) ed Quy djnh ky thudt thi edng rieng, phij hdp trinh dp edng nghe, trang thie't bj may mde thi edng eho tQng edng trinh py the
Tieu ehuan thi edng ede Idp mdng mat dadng : Bp GTVT da ban hdnh tieu ehud'n thi cdng vd nghiem thu mdng edt gia cd xi mang; mdng ed dd eudi soi gia cd xi mdng (20TCN 245-1998 vd 22TCN 246-1998)
- Ngoai edn cd tieu ehuan 22TCN 210-92 dd cd npi dung dp dyng eho thi cdng dQdng ndng thdn bang BTXM
c) Ve thiet bi vi cdng nghe thi cdng
- Cdng nghe vd thie't bj thi cdng be tdng
dQdc hodn thien tQng bade den mpt sd nhd thau xdy dQng d Viet Nam da ed loai thie't bj hidn dgi nha SP 500, Gomaco COMMANDER III cd gidi hda ddng bd qud trinh xdy dQng mat dadng BTXM ehd't Iupng eao ddng thdi ede logi mdy mde k h i c phuc vy edng nghe thi edng ed gidi ke't hpp thii edng thfeh Qng vdi vide xdy dQng mat dQdng BTXM d nhQng ndi dja hinh chat hep
Ve kinh nghiem: dd ed qua trinh theo ddi, phdn tfch, due ke't kinh nghiem xay dQng logi mat dadng ndy d ede khdu thie't ke, thi edng, tgo khe, bao dudng, hodn thien be mat
2 Tiem nang va hi^u qua kinh te' - ky thugt cua BTXM gial doan s i p tdi
2.1 Cic thugn lgi vi kho khan dng dgng cong nghg xiy dgng mgt dudng BTXM d nudc ta:
a) Thuin lgi:
- Ve vdt lieu, nhdn IQc: Theo Bp Xay
dQng, hien tgi ehung ta sdn xud't dUde khodng 35 trieu tan xi mang (binh quan khodng 400kg/ ngQdi, gan bang Trung Qude trdn 500kg/ ngUdi) Ndm 2009 dQ kien cd nQde ed 18 dQ dn xi mang hodn thdnh xdy l i p vd daa vdo san xud't ndng tdng edng sud't cae nhd mdy dgt khodng 60 tridu tan vdo nam 2010 Bd Xdy dQng dQ bdo tQ nam 2010 sdn IQdng xi mang da thQa khoang 5-7 trieu tan cd the' xdy dQng dQde tren 300km dadng BTXM rdng 7m Cdc vdt lieu edt, da dam cd san d nhieu ndi, ngudn lao ddng ddi ddo, dpi ngu ky sa, cdn bd ky thuat, edng nhdn d mdt sd ddn vj da dddc ddo tgo, ed kinh nghiem thi edng mat dadng BTXM
Ve thie't bj thi edng: ed ban da ed mdt sd Iddng ddng ke' thie't bj hien dgi ddp Qng yeu cau xay dQng mat dadng BTXM ehd't IQdng eao theo tieu ehuan tien tien
(3)XUAN NHAM THIN 2012
Ve he thdng tieu chuan thie't kd, thi cdng, nghidm thu, qudn ly chat lUdng: ed bdn ddp Qng dQde yeu cau
b) Khd khdn:
Xdy dQng mdt dQdng BTXM ddi hdi ngudn vdn dau tu ban dau Idn hdn sc vdi dudng nhQa
Mat dadng BTXM hien dgi ddi hdi vdt lieu xi mdng, cdt, dd, thdp ehd't Iddng cap
Yeu eau nen vd mdng dadng phdi dddc gia cd tdt dd' trdnh nQt gay tam mdt dadng
He thdng djnh mQc, ddn gid chp tQng logi mat dadng BTXM chUa hodn ehlnh
Mdt sd thie't bj thi edng hidn ed chaa hodn todn ddng bd, edn thieu cdc bp phdn hodn thidn be mat, dgt truyen iQc, tgo khe, tgo nhdm be mat
2.2 Phgm vi dng dgng xay dgng dUdng BTXM phu hgp, CO higu qua d Vigt Nam
Qua nghien cQu thQc te' trdn the gidi vd kinh nghidm d Viet Nam eho thay mat dadng BTXM phu hdp cdc trudng hdp sau ddy:
Cdc dogn tuye'n tdi trpng ndng, luu lUdng xe Idn, dudng tgi cdc trgm thu phL
Cdc dogn dudng deo ddc, dogn eong ed bdn kfnh nhd, ndi ed thdi tie't khie nghidt, dp d'm Idn, vung nui ed khc khan cho cdng tde tu, bdo dadng
Dogn dadng qua vung ngap lyt nhung ydu cau phai gidi quye't dade nen mdng cn djnh
Dpgn dadng d vung ed syt trddt taluy vi mat dadng BTXM cd dp cQng Idn, khdng bi hdng tid'n hdnh gidi phdng dd't syt tren mat dudng
Mat dadng sdn bay, dQdng d td eao tde, qude Id, dQdng tinh, dQdng giao thdng ndng thdn d khu vQc phfa B l e vd mien Trung, ndi cd san ngudn vat lieu cat, dd, nhdn cdng •
Hoang NghTa Ti/
^Mu mm nhd em
Xa em, xa nhi, xa qud hUdng yeu diu Anh tdl Pak Ou lim dddng thuy dien Mang theo minh bao ndi nhd thuong em Mdt budi chidu Pak Ou can mUa
Ndi nhd thuang em cing bung Idn dd ddi Ngdi ngim mUa rai mi Idng anh tg hdi MUa rdt, mua roi, mUa tgo thinh ddng Sdng Md Kdng rdng minh dm tit ci Cdn anh
Ndi nhd thUOng em
Min ring mi ngudi ddgc
Ghi chu: "Pak Ou"- la huy^n Pak Ou, tinh Luang Prabang, nudc Cgng hoa DCND Lao(nai xay
dgng nha may thuy di^n Luang Prabang)
Le Hodi Minh
Maff thuyin ngdi tm
Ngdng ngdi tga mgn thuyen Dgi sdng v6 ngi nghidng hdi ngudi
Ciu ca ddt rugt mdt thdi
Gidng hai din hdi ngudi Oi cd ve Lo tho ning dgc trien de Lay phay mUa ddt Idi the cd may
Ao td thin ding true may Quai thao ndn la co ciy que nhi
Cinh cd chdp trang trdi xa
Mgn thuyin ngdi tUa duyen ta, phan minh