trd di trd Iqi trong tho dng mdt cdeh duyen ddng vd ddm ve tru hnh euo co dao, dien td mudn mdt ciia tdm trqng con ngudi: «Lgn khdng nudi ddc ao beo/ Gidu khdng ddy chdng them leo vd[r]
(1)SAC THAI DAN GIAN
TRQNE N6QN N6&TtiQf N G U Y I N BINti
O LE M I N H NGUYET*
1 Vdi nhung cdeh tdn, sdng tqo nghe thudt tren co sd ke thiro tinh hoo tho truyin thdng, Tho moi dd thyc sy cd nhirng ddng gdp tich cyc cho hen trinh hien dqi hod n i n tho co ddn tdc Tho mdi hqi ty nhiiu khuynh hudng ddc sdc vd d khuynh hudng ndo cung cd nhung dqi dien xudt sdc Binh dj vd khiem nhudng, «ehdn qui" md sdc sdo tdi hoa, ndng hdu e dp md thdm sdu da d i l t mdt khdt vqng sdng, Nguyen Binh hien dien Id mdt dinh cao rieng Diet, «khdng oi thay the duqc" euo phong trdo Tho mdi Kni nhiiu cdy but duong thdi say sua Idn gid Au hdo, hqc theo Idi d i l n dqt tdn ki, xa Iq euo vdn Tdy thi Nguyin Binh Iqi hm v l tyc ngu, co dao, ddn co vd Idi dn h i n g ndi cua ddn que Ddc gid thdi dy vd ngdy yeu vd thudc nhiiu tho Nguyen Binh cd le boi «trong mdi ngudi Viet cd mqt ngudi nhd que" vd khdng oi cd t h i v i l t hoy v l cdnh que, hnh que vd hdn que nhu Nguyen Binh
Chuong trinh Ngu vdn THPT Don co bdn chi ddnh mdt h i t dqc them hm hilu v l phong edch tho Nguyen Binh (bdi tho «Tuong tu") Thdi luqng hqn c h i dd khiln gido vien (GV) trdn h d vdi viec Idm t h i ndo d l dqt duqc myc dich giup hqc sinh (HS) thdy duqc truyin thd'ng tho ca ddn gian sdng tqo nghe thudt euo Nguyin Binh Vdi viec khdm phd sdc thdi ddn gion ngdn ngir tho Nguyen Binh, hi vqng bdi v i l t ndy se Id mqt ddng gdp nhd viec hm hieu phong each tho Nguyen Binh
2 Ngdn tt/ nghe thudt Id «ldi ndi, v i l t " duqc diing vdi « tdt cd phdm chdt thdm mTvd khd ndng nghe thudt cua nd" ( ; tr 273), Id chdt lieu de sdng tdc vdn hqc Nhd vdn qud trinh loo ddng nghe thudt cua minh dd h i p thu ngudn ngdn ngu nhdn ddn, chqn Iqc, ren giua de duo vdo vdn bdn ngdn tu euo minh Ngdn tir nghe thudt Id mdt nhung yeu to quan trqng, the hien cd hnh sdng tqo, phong cdeh, tdi ndng euo nhd vdn Tdi hoa cua Nguyin Binh t h i hien rd d viec st/ dyng ngdn ngu tho
Den vdi the gidi ngdn tir tho Nguyen Binh Id d i n vdi ngudn mqeh ngdn ngu sdng, gidn dj, gidu mdu sdc ddn gion, ddn tdc Nhd phe binh
Hodi Thanh dd khdng djnh: «Gid Nguyen Binh sinh thdi trudc, tdi chde ngudi dd Idm nhirng cdu ca dao md ddn qui vdn ndt quanh ndm" (2; tr 153) Vu<3n tho Nguyin Binh ddy ddc ngdn ngir ddng que, ddn dd nhu ca dao, thdnh ngu, tyc ngu Thi sT dd st> dyng mqt edch ddc dyng, ddc sdc ngdn ngu ctja Idng Thien Vjnh - Vy Bdn ciing vdi cdeh ndi vi von mdc mqc md khdng kem phdn tha thilt euo CO dao d l dien td hnh cdm yeu duong ndng ndn, da diet euo nhirng ngudi dong yeu: «Vi chdng nhd cd nhu to nhi/Em thu quay xem dugc mdy vdng/Vi chdng nhd cd nhu virng nhi/ Em thu ldo xem dugc mdy thung" («Nhd")
Nguyen Binh sir dyng rdt hieu qud tir ngir vd ldi b i l u dqt ctja ngudi que, tqo cho tho dng mdt net duyen rieng: tdm tdm («Tdm tdm trdi cd dd mua"), eo dc («Thdn gd eo dc ngodi xo vdng"), ndm too bdy tuyit («Ndm tao bdy tuyit anh hd hen", mot thdi ae («Thdn Dodi cdeh mdt thdi di"), cqn ngdy («Me bdo mua xudn dd cgn nqdy") Ngdn ngu tiing Viet hong tho Nguyen Binh khdng chi dep bdi mdc mqc, ddn dd md cdn boi sinh ddng, tru hnh, du khd ndng dien td mqi trqng thdi cdm xuc phong phu
Cd le Nguyen Binh Id ngudi dem nhiiu nhdt nhung hinh dnh euo cude sdng ddi thudng vdo tho hien dqi «Ddu miing toi", «Hoa cam", «Hoa budi", «Vudn rau", «Vudn ehe" trd di trd Iqi tho dng mdt cdeh duyen ddng vd ddm ve tru hnh euo co dao, dien td mudn mdt ciia tdm trqng ngudi: «Lgn khdng nudi ddc ao beo/ Gidu khdng ddy chdng them leo vdo gidn/Gieng thai mua ngdp nude trdn/Ba gian ddy cd ba gian ndng chieu" («Qua nhd"j
Kho thdnh ngir, tyc ngu ciia nhdn ddn dudng nhu dd duqc N g u y i n Binh thdm thdu vd trd thdnh vd'n l i i n g euo rieng dng, d l vdn vdo Idi nhdn vdt trir hnh chung Kr nhien nhu Id hoi thd Trong cdu tho «Tinh tdi mdgiua mua thu/Tlnh em Idng Idng kin nhu budng tdm", thdnh ngd «kin nhu budng tdm" dd trd thdnh bieu tuqng ve sy khd * Tnrcing THPT Phii LfOng, huyen Dai Tiir, hnh Thai Nguyen
(2)hieu, thieu cdi md CIJO Idng ngudi gdi, Iqi vua Id sy trdch cu den gidn hdn, xo xdt ctja chdng troi cude hnh don phuang Hay, vdi cdu enuyen tho ddi nhu «Ld budc sang ngang", nhirng thdnh ngir duqc dung dd tqo sy muqt md vd dm dieu ddn gian ngqt ngdo Vdn thdnh ngir, tyc ngu cua Nguyen Binh dd the hien sy am hilu sdu sdc vdn hdo Idng que vd Id diem tyo vung chde cho sdng tqo ngdn tir nghe thudt tho dng Mdt nhirng sy sdng tqo dy Id tqo nhirng nhdm tir mdi gdn gui vdi thdnh ngir ddn gion nhu: ddu hao bdc gdy, nhgt thdm phai ddo, trdm cay nghin ddng, md dd mdi hdng Nguyin Binh cung st/ dyng cdc tir ngir ctjo thdnh ngu vd co dao nhu mdt tir ddc ldp: thdn Dodi, thdn Ddng, dd den, mieng gidu, ben thuyen, vudn ddu, ngang sdng, ngang ngd
Cung nhu ngdn ngu eldn gion, ngdn ngu trdn ddy mdu sdc Id mdt ddc d i l m d l nhdn thd'y CtJO tho N g u y i n Binh N h d dd tho dng ludn gqi ro duqc nhung lien tudng vd cdm nhdn true h i p , de Iqi dn tuqng Idu b i n Chdng hqn, de khde hoq birc tronh ciue huong tuoi dep, nhd tho st) dyng nhirng hnn tir chi mdu sdc tuoi sdng: «Cd chiec thuyin ndm trin cdt min/Cd ddn trdu trdng ldi ngang sdng/Cd cd thg rudm ve dn tet/Suong gid dudng xa rdm md hdng" («Khdng de")
N l u Hdn Mdc Tt) ndi den huong vj ddi thi Nguyin Binh ludn nhde den mdu sdc cude sdng Vdi Nguyen Binh, dd ndi den mdng Id mdng vdng, md Id md dd, mdi Id mdi bona, mdt Id mdt biee, nen cd nhung cdu tho hdm dn bao cdm nghT chuo chdt v l t h i thdi nhdn hnh, nhung y ti/ dy duqc hien hien bdng tir ngu chi mdu sdc: «Ngudi yeu md dd mdi hdng/Tdc xanh mdt biec md Idng bgc den" («Lgi di")
Cdnh tho euo Nguyen Binh thyc hoy do, vui hoy budn cung trdn ddy mdu sdc Thien nhien dd nhudm mdu tho dng, thi rye rd: «Cd mdt mua he hoa phugng thdm/Nd ddy Id phugng xanh tuai/Trdi ddi thdm dd dudng trdng/ Ndng thdy di trin mdt thdm ngudi" («Mudi hai bin nudc"j, thi chi mdt mdu xanh: «Xanh cdy
xanh cd xanh ddi/Xanh rung xanh nui da trdi
cung xanh " («Vdi net rung"j
Nguyen Binh cdn Idm tdng sdc thdi bieu hien euo ngdn ngir tho bdng viec st/ dyng thdnh thqo cdc bien phdp tu tir md thoco ddn gion hay diing Ong dd tqo nhieu lien tudng vd cung sinh ddng vdi tri tudng tuqng, sire sdng tqo vd sy om hieu vdn hod ngdn ngir ddn gion euo minh Hoa -budm, trdu - cau, bin - dd Id nhung dn dy v l
Tap chi Giao due so (ki i • 4/aoi i)
hnh yeu; ndl ve thdn phdn ngudi gdi dl Idy chdng md khdng cd hqnh phuc, tdc gid gqi Id Id budc sang nqang; ndi den thdn phdn tha huong, nhd tho viet tndn nhqn, so long dong Thien nhien duqc nhdn cdeh hod: «Budmludi", «Toggo Idng lo", thoi, khung ct/i, sqi to hod thdnh ngudi bqn tdm hnh: «Thoi g, Idm thoi Igi eu,/Di ve, gidng mdc de triu tdi?" («Nhd"j
Nhirng dqi tir philm chi nhu: ai, ngudi, ta, minh hodc nhirng cym tir p h i l m chi ngudi dy, bin dy, bin ndy thudng thdy ca dao, ddn CO cung duqc st/ dyng nnieu tho Nguyen Binh nhdm tdng hnh khdi qudt cho tho, ddng thdi ndng coo khd ndng t i l p nhdn vi bdt cir oi cung cd the ddng cdm se chia vd vdn vdo minh
Khd ndng st/ dyng ngdn tir ddn gian ct/o Nguyin Binh the hien d rdt nhiiu mdt N g u y i n Binh st/ dyng so d i m theo cdeh cdm edch nghT ctja ddn gion Nhirng so thdng thudng mdt, hai, ba, bdn tudng chirng nhu chinh xde, cy t h i , ki thyc Iqi mang tinh tuqng trung: «Nhd em cdeh bdn qud ddi/Cdeh ba nggn sudi, cdeh ddi cdnh rirng/Nhd em xa cdeh qud chi/ng,/Em van anh ddy, anh dung yiu em!"(«Xa cdch"j Cd gdi bdo «Xa cdeh" nhung Iqi hod gdn bdi cdeh d i m nguqc ddy dyng y Cdc so chi mang tinh ude le cho khodng edch khdng gion ddn bj thu hep Iqi de ddn tdi Idi tudng enirng phtj djnh d cdu kit: «Em van anh ddy, anh dung yiu em" phdi hieu theo nghTa khdng djnh
Ngdn ngu Id phuong tien Id hinh thirc d l b i l u dqt vdn hod Vdi nhd tho, ngdn ngu tho Idm nen Ehong cdeh Ngdn ngir tho cua Nguyen Binh gdn mdt thilt vd hod quyen vdi ngdn ngu cua co doo, ddn co vd ddi sdng ddn gian Nguyin Binh dd SI/ dyng ngdn ngu ddn gion vdi tdt cd phong vj vd sy duyen ddng hir hnh vdn cd ctia tiing Viet: «Todn bd tha anh hgp thdnh mdt tdkhuc ddng ndi khdng Idn vdi ai, khdng Idn vdo ddu dugc" (3; tr 28) Sdc thdi ddn gian ctJO ngdn ngir tho dd tqo nen ve dep «chdn que" euo tho Nguyen Binh, giup tho dng d l duqc bqn dqc luu truyin, mIn md «Nhu mdt ddng chdy vat eua ddng qui, nguon tho Nguyin Binh se di xa vd den dugc nhieu mien ddt lg tuong lai" (4; tr ) •
(1) Tran Dinh Str - Phuemg Liru Li luan van hoc, tap NXB Gido Due, H 1987
(2) Hoai Thanh - Hoai Chan Thi nhan Viet Nam NXB Vdn hgc, H 2000
(3) Hoai Viet Nguygn Binh thi si ciia yeu thmmg
NXB Hgi Nhd vdn, H 1992
(4) Ha Minh Dii-c Nguy6n Binh - Thi sT cua d6ng que