6 bat ky nai nao, kien trtic truyin thd'ng cung dugc tao dung thdng qua dieu kien tu nhien, khf hau, tap quan sinh hoat cita con ngudi ma cd dugc khdng gian, ty le va hinh thtrc kie'[r]
(1)D I E M D A M VAN HOA NGHE THUAT
TINH DnN TOC TRONG KI€N TRUC
VA x u Hl/dNG K^ THCfA
Dl SAN KI^N TROC TRUYDN T H N G
NGUYEN VAN CUONG
1 Tinh dan tgc troiig kien triic
Kie'n true truyen thd'ng Viet Nam cd ljch sir hdng ngdn nam vd mang dam tfnh ddn tgc Vdi ban tay vd khd'i dc, nghe nhan dan gian da sang tao nen cac cdng trinh kien triic nhu dinh, chiia, cung dien, thdp mang hdn ddn tgc rat rd net Tfnh dan tgc kien trtic dugc bie'u hien vdi cdc hinh thdi khac nhau: ttr cdi todn the (mdi trudng canh quan va kie'n
trtic, quy hoach mat bdng ) de'n cti the (he mdi, vi keo khung cdt, trang trf ); ttr cai hien hiru den cdi vd hinh todt len tir tdng the kie'n trtic cita md'i quan he giua kien true, ngudi vd mdi trudng
Kie'n trtic truyen thd'ng Viet Nam cd mdt dac diem chung Id kie'n trtic dan gian Cac cdng trinh kie'n true deu khuyet danh, nghe nhan ddn gian
khdng cd ten cac cdng trinh sang tao ciia minh, cho den kie'n true Viet Nam cd sir giao luu, tie'p bie'n vdi van hda phuong Tdy
Kien trtic Viet Nam hien dai bat dau ttr nhtfng nam 30 cita TK XX, thdi thudc Phdp Tru'dng Cao ddng My thuat Ddng Duang (1925) chi tuyen sinh vidn cho khoa kie'n true, nhdm ddo tao kie'n trtic su (KTS) cho chfnh quyen thudc dja Nhung sd sinh vien td't nghiep rd't ft di, chi 2,3 ngudi Trong qua trinh ddo tao, sinh
Tinh dan tpc la mpt thupc tinh ciia van hda, boil nen van hda nao cung thoat thai tir dan tpc Trong qua trinh Ijch suf, su hmh dan tpc va van hda duoc quy dinh bdi phuong thiifc san xuat, cac dieu kien tu nhien, xa hpi va ljch suf Cd the ndi dan tpc nao thi van hda ay Tinh dan tpc the hien ban s^c cua mdi nen van hda, bpc Id qua cac linh vuc van hda, dd cd kien true - mdt to cua my thuat Tinh dan tpc kien true la he qua cua mdi quan he ung xui giua ngudi va mdi trudng
vien khdng dugc hgc vd kie'n trtic truyen thd'ng dan tgc Hg chi dugc tham khdo kien trtic Trung Hoa qua mdt vdi cud'n sach Dire xud't bdn
Khi Idm viec tai Sd Cdng chfnh Ha Ngi, nhirng KTS ngudi Viet chi la ngudi giiip viec cho KTS ngudi Phap Hg khdng dugc ghi danh nhu'ng cdng trinh dugc thie't ke' va xay dting
Trong bd'i canh dd, md' so KTS ngu'di Viet da lap van phdng KTS che ridng minh "Phai kien nhdn, cd the' ndi phdi dung cam ldm mdi tri dugc cac ca sd thie't ke kie'n trtic mang ten bd ba Luyen - Tiep - Due hay Vd Dire Dien"(l) Tuy nhung cdng trinh cita hg de' lai khdng nhieu, den khdng cdn giti: dugc dang ve nhu ban dau, nhu'ng nhtrng thie't ke'ciia hg da the hien mdt xu hudng nha't quan Id trd ve vdi truyen tiidng ddn tgc Tap chf Dong DiMng nhdn xet: '"Cac KTS Luyen - Tiep - Diic, nhdm tre tudi ndy mdi dieu kien cho phep, kien quyet cd gdng tim ngudn cam hirng nghe thuat truyen thdng ciia ddn tec hg"(2)
(2)I !•'•: V K I F N - T R A O D O I
d dan gian truyen thd'ng ddng bdng Bdc Bg Nha mdt tdng, mdi dd'c lap ngdi, dau hdi bft ddc Khdng gian cay xanh vdi hdng cau trir tinh, hdn non bd, mat nudc trudc nhd lam mat guang soi bdng cdng trinh Biet thu 17 phd Thien Quang, bd ba KTS Luyen - Tiep - Dire thiet ke, mang dam nhung net dac sdc cita kien true dan gian thiet ke Bd mai dd'c Igp ngdi truyen thd'ng, d vang che cira sd gid'ng nhu mdi dinh thu nhd, cira cud'n trdn d hai ddu Id gia, eon son, lan can gd Biet thu Id kien true hien dai nhtrng toat len tinh ddn tgc
Trong xu hudng trd ve van hda phuang Ddng cd cdng trinh nha Thiiy Ta, KTS Vd Due Dien va Nguydn Xuan Titng thiet ke Nha Thity Ta cd quy hoach mat bdng hinh vdng eung, dm lay mat hd, hda nhap vdi khung canh nen tho ciia hd Hoan Kiem, vdi ldu vudng tam mai ggi len nha tien te ciia dinh ldng Nhd Thiiy Ta gay dugc an tugng la cdng trinh kien true phu'ong Ddng hiem hoi, ddi lap vdi nhirng phd Tay dang ddn chie'm uu the d Ha Ndi thdi dd
Trong gdn mdt the ky d Viet Nam, ngu'di Phap da de lai khdng ft nhung di sdn kien trtic ed gid trj, tap trung d Sdi Gdn, Hd Ndi Giai doan dau ttr nhu'ng nam cudi TK XIX den 1923 Phap xay '"nhtrng cdi gi chdc chdn, to ldn, lau ben"(3), nhu Phit todn quyen (nay la Van phdng Chfnh phil), Phit thd'ng stt Bdc Ky (nay la Nhd khdch Chfnh phii va Bd Lao ddng va Thuang binh Xa hdi), tda dn, buu dien Cdc cdng trinh
ndy cd hinh thtrc kien true cd dien chdu Au, cd tdng de'virng chdc, he thd'ng cdt to, map trdn the hien quyen lire the tuc Tuy cd be the, nang ne, nhu'ng cac cdng trinh dd vdn bao dam tfnh thdm my vd cdng nang, mang dac trung kie'n trtic phuang Tay
Nhung tir nam 1923 den 1945, cac KTS ngu'di Phap tieu bieu Id KTS Ernest Hebrard va Artar Kuze, cd su ket hgp vdi mdt sd KTS Viet Nam da dua nhieu ye'u td kien true phuang Ddng vd Viet Nam vdo cdng trinh, lam nen ddng ve ddc dao cita kien triic Phdp tren dat thudc dia, den vdn cd gia trj vd cd anh hu'dng khdng nhd ddi sd'ng kien trtic dd thj Chung ta cd the' ke' de'n mdt sd cdng trinh d Hd Ndi cdn dugc bao tdn kha nguyen ven nhu: Bao tang Ljch sir, Bd Ngoai giao, nhd thd Cira Bdc, LJy ban TDTT, Vien Ve sinh dich tl, nhieu biet thu dn minh vudn cay nhu: 46 Tran Hung Dao, 84 Nguyen Du, 17 Thuyen Quang, 27 Nguydn Dinh Chieu d Sdi Gdn ed the ke de'n Tr'rdng Le Hdng Phong (Trudng Petrus Ky) duac xay nam 1927
Tren nhtrng cdng trinh kie'n trtic dd, chiing ta de dang nhan tha'y sir ket hap kie'n trtic phuang Tay vdi ye'u to kie'n trtic phuang Ddng vd kie'n trtic truyen thd'ng nhu: san, ddu ciing, vi keo, hoa tiet hinh trien
Net ddc ddo ciia kien trtic dd thj d Ha Ndi va Sdi Gdn dugc tao nen dudi anh hudng cita chit
iigliTa van lioa quy hoach dd thj kieu
(3)DIEM D A M VAN HOA NGHF THUAT
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E: •O-l 'C ; O) C 1
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phuang Tdy Chit nghia van hda ldm cho cdc cdng trinh kie'n trtic tim thd'y ldi trng xix hai hda vdi thien nhten va khdng tach ca nhan khdi cdng ddng Viec ket hgp thdnh cdng kieii true phuang Tdy vdi nhtrng yeu td van hda phuong Ddng va Viet Nam da hinh thdnh nen phong cdch kieii tnic Ddng Ditcfiig ndi tie'ng Phong each kie'n true dd da tao dugc su phti hgp vdi khf hau, thdm my, tdm ly ngu'di Viet va cdn anh hu'dng de'n hdm
Nhu vay, bdi canh mat quyen tu chit dan toe thi cdc sdng tao cita cae KTS Viet Nam van the hien tinh ddn toe dam net Dieu dd cd the Id ly trf, tinh cam va y thiic cdng ddn cita ngu'di kie'n trtic su trdi day mdi canh bi dp che van hda, cung cd the vdi tu each la chit the sang tao mang sdn ddng mau cita dan tgc vd truyen thd'ng nen tfnh ddn tgc hien vdo treng cac sang tao cita cdc KTS mdt each tti nhidn nhu mdt thudc tfnh
Trong qud trinh lam viec lau ddi tai Viet Nam, cdc KTS Phdp cung chju dnh hu'dng ttr cac ye'u td dja ly tit nhien, khf hau vd tam ly ngudi ban dja, nen da dua cac yeu td kien triic truyen thd'ng phuang Ddng vd Viet Nam vao cdc cdng trinh kie'n trtic phuang Tdy Sti ke't hgp hai hda ndy da tao nen gia trj van hda dac sdc cita phong each kie'n true Ddng Duang Trong dd cd mdt sd yeu to dac sdc ciia kien triic nhu: tudng gach day (tti' 30-40cm), tang hdm Id mdt giai phdp dieu hda vi khf hdu cho cdng trinh nhu chd'ng dm, chd'ng ndm, he thd'ng ldn cira
(cira chdp va cira kfnh), dd ciia chdp la mgt sang tao ciia KTS Phap dd dd'i phd vdi mdi trudng nhiet ddi ndng am Cdc yeu td tren la cac gidi phap kien trtic de cdc ngdi nhd kieu ludn am ve mua ddng, mat ve mtia he, cd kha nang thfch irng tdi da vdi mdi trudng ttr nhien
2 Mgt su xu hudmg ke thua di san kien triic truyen thdng
Sau Cach mang thdng Tam (1945), nen kie'n trtic hien dai Viet Nam dugc hinh va nhanh chdng ldn manh Gidi KTS vdn tren dudng tim tdi sang tao, nhdm tra ldi cau hdi ve ban sdc van hoa dan tgc kie'n trtic, ve viec khai thde, phdt huy cac gid trj ciia truyen thdng kie'n trtic hien dai
Vdi ljch sir hinh vd phdt trien han 80 nam qua, kie'n trtic Viet Nam viec ke thira di san kie'n trtic truyen thdng da the hien cac xu hudng khac
Xii littdtig phuc cd
Dac dieVn ndi bat cit;' xu huong la phitc hdi, trd ve vdi kie'n trtic truyen "hdng Phiic hdi bdng each tai tao, sir dting kie'n true truyen thd'ng cho cdng trinh hien dai, tir quy hoach mat bdng de'n toan bd kien trtic cd vdi mai cong, dau dao, he cdt, vi keo, hga tiet trang trf Nhirng cdng trinh cita xu hudng cd the ke nhu: den tudng niem Ben Dugc (huyen Cit Chi, TPHCM), den thd liet si (huyen Hai Hdu, Nam Djnh), ddi tudng niem Kim Mdn (Hai Duang) Cdc khu den tugng niem deu cd md thtrc kie'n true ciia dinh, chtta ttr he mai cong, dau dao, he cdt, vi keo de'n cac dd an trang trf kie'n tnic nhu: ludng long chdu nguyet, phugng, rdng
Nhu'ng cdng trinh vira ke tren deu la nhung cdng trinh van hda cd tfnh tudng niem Uu diem ciia xu hudng la da tao dugc khdng gian kie'n trtic truyen thd'ng, gay an tugng, tinh cam ve truyen thd'ng, cdi nguon, nen cdng nang kie'n trtic dugc phat huy, chtrc nang ciia cdng trinh dugc dap u'ng
(4)y KIEN - TRAO DOI
dimg theo md thtic kie'n trtic truyen thdng nhung cung cd nhimg ngdi kie'n trtic cd dugc thao da tir noi khac va tai dting lai quan the va khdng gian phtic vii cho du ljch, giai trf Khdng gian truyen thd'ng cita kien true da tao nen hirng thti ddi vdi khach hang, tao thuan lgi cho hoat ddng kinh doanh Xu hudng phtic cd cd phdn phti hgp va hieu qua vdi dang cac cdng trinh ke trdn
Tuy nhien, tfnh sang tao ciia xu hudng bj han chd' vd nhd't la nhieu cdng trinh cita xu hudng dugc xdy dirng da tao sir lap lai, thieu sang tao Trong mdt sd cdng trinh, sir phtic cd thie'u chat lgc tao sir khap khiing nhu: md thtic kien true cd nhung vat lieu thi hien dai (be tdng cd't thep, kfnh, khung nhdm, gach men ) Mdt sd cdng trinh khdng tuan theo luat dd'i xting, dudng than dgo vd'n la dac trung cita quy hoach mat bdng truyin thd'ng, hoac phtic cd khdng dting chd cung gay phan cam, nhu gan day du luan ndu viec chep cdng chiia Lang dat vdo dinh Kim Lien vd mdt sd cdng trinh tfn ngudng khac, da phd vd bd cite khdng gian va tdng the cdng trinh, gay phdn ting gay gdt cita gidi chuydn mdn vd ngudi dan Dd la xu hudng dugc ggi Id ne cd, nhai cd, copy may mdc
Ttr sau ddi mdi, khoang han 15 nam gdn day, cd mdt xu hudng bat chudc, md phdng kie'n trtic Phap, vdi thtrc trang nhu KTS Ngd Huy Giao nhan djnh: "sao chep, bdt chudc Id lang nhu mdt vet", "lai cang, khdng thudc tru'dng phdi ndo ca"(4) Hdi chirng kien trtic Phap d cdc cdng sd, nha d vd dinh cliiia hoa cdc cdng trinh tudng niem cd xu hudng phdt trien d nhilu dja phuang ca nudc, the hien sir tiiy tien, de dai sang tao, cdn phai cd dinh hudng de han che vd dilu chinh
Xii hudng chiet trung
Trong trie't hgc, khai niem chiet trung chi su trung hda mdt each mdy mdc nhung quan didm khde hdn (5) day, khai mem chiet trung dugc hieu la sir ket hgp, lap ghep cdc yeu id, bd phdn cita kien true truyen thd'ng vdo kien true hien dai de tao hieu qua mdi Xu hudng ndy tao cho cdng trinh kien triic vira cd tfnh hien
dai, vtra cd tfnh truydn thdng Cac bd phan cita kien trtic cd nhu he mai, he cdt, vi keo, hoa van, hga tie't trang trf dugc dua vao kie'n trtic hien dai Truyen thd'ng va hien dai cimg tdn tai ben canh nhau, bd sung cho mdt ke't hgp mdi Sti ke't hgp giira cdc ye'u td hien dai va truyin thdng dat dugc hgp ly, thi se tao hieu qua thdm my cho cdng trinh
Cd the ke de'n cdng trinh Bao tang My thudt Viet Nam, tga lac tai 66 Nguyin Thai Hgc, Ha Ndi Ngdi nha duge ngudi Phdp xay dting vao nhirng nam 30 TK XX, cd cdng nang la chd d cho nir sinh la cai ciia quan chtrc ngudi Phdp tren toan cdi Ddng Duang Nam 1962, ngdi nhd dugc cai tao thdnh Bao tdng My thuat Viet Nam Nhieu chi tiet cita kie'n trtic dinh ldng dugc dua vao thie't ke' Mdt so bd phan cita mdi nhd dugc cai tao thdnh cdc ddu kim, ddu
dao, ba gugt cua kien trtic dinh lang vdi hinh
khd'i dan gian O tang mdt cd mdt cdi ldu vdi bg cdt trdn theo kieu ddu can can, didn qudn cd, cd be hinh hoa sen ed ket hop that qua bdng Nhieu hga tiet trang tri dan gian nhu hoa sen, hinh trien, trang tri phti dieu d hoc da dugc dua vao thiet ke Phfa trude cdng trinh la vudn cdnh, cay cd thii, dac biet cd hai hdng cau dgc theo ldi di, ggi khdng gian lang que
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3
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(5)DIEM D A M VAN HOA NGHE THUAT Bdc Bd Cdy cdi ldm cho ngdi kie'n trtic dudng nhu giam chieu cao va nhu hda vao thien nhien Ddy Id mdt cdng trinh kien trtic kha tieu bieu cho xu hu'dng nay: tdng the vdn la kie'n trtic phuang Tay hien dai, nhung ddu an truyin thd'ng vdn rd net Hai ye'u td truyin thdng va hien dai dugc ket hgp nhudn nhuyln, hgp ly tao hieu qua cao cho cdng trinh
Trong thie't ke Thu vien Khoa hgc tdng hgp TPHCM, cdc KTS Nguyin Hiru Thien va Bui Quang Hanh dting san nhd da mai, d ddu hdi dap phil didu phuang bay - mdt md tfp trang trf truyin thd'ng Nhu vay, cac yeu td, bg phan cita kie'n triic truyen thd'ng lam nhiem vii td diem cho kien true hien dai
Cung xu hu'dng nay, chting ta cd the kl them rndt so cdng trinh nhu Bao tang Dan tgc hgc (Ha Ndi) KTS Hd Dire Ljnh thie't ke, Nhd triin lam Van Hd vdi thiet ke ciia KTS Nguyin Xuan Doan Tac gid cita nhtrng cdng trinh chi dua mdt vai chi tiet cita kien trtic truyen thdng vao thiet ke nhu san dd mdi dd'c, ddu dao, d thodng hinh am duang
O Trung Qudc, nha ga xe liia phfa Ddng Bdc Kinh Id cdng trinh nhd ga ldn nhd't chdu A dugc xay dting nam 1996 Phfa tren nha ga, KTS da thie't ke nhtrng cdng trinh kie'n triic cd cita Trung Hoa mdt each hoan chinh va dat len tren cdng trinh hien dai la nhd ga bdn dudi Cdng trinh hien dai lam be dd cho kien trtic truyin thd'ng, tao sti ket hgp vtra truyen thd'ng, vtra hien dai khd an tugng vd thti vj
Van dl quan trgng ciia xu hudng Id cdc ye'u td ciia kien trtic truyin thd'ng phai duoc ket hgp vdi kie'n true hien dai mdt cdch hgp ly vd hieu qua Neu khdng hai ye'u td ndy se loai trir nhau, lam giam tfnh tham my cita kie'n trtic Chdng han, d mdt sd cdng trinh kie'n trtic, viec sir dting hga tiet, hoa van dan tgc mdt each thie'u chgn loe hoac lam dung da lam giam tfnh thdm my cita cdng trinh
Xu hudng tich hap
Xu hudng ddi hdi sil sdng tao cita kien trtic su Chfnh sti sang tao da tfch hgp truyen thd'ng vdi hien dai de tao mdt ket hgp mdi, cd hieu qua vugt bdc KTS Kenzo Tange (Nhat
Ban), mdt KTS ldi lac cua the gidi, da nhan djnh: "Cdn phai thau hieu mdt each tudng tan, sau sdc nhtrng ngudn gdc hinh kien trtic truyen thd'ng bat ky nai nao, kien trtic truyin thd'ng cung dugc tao dung thdng qua dieu kien tu nhien, khf hau, tap quan sinh hoat cita ngudi ma cd dugc khdng gian, ty le va hinh thtrc kie'n triic dja phuang thfch hgp, dd la cai hdn ciia kien trtic truyin thdng can ndm bdt va khai thac"(6) Ong phat bieu tie'p: "Truyen thd'ng dan tgc la cai vdng da deo cd quy gia, nhung chting ta phai bidt pha va chting nhtrng manh nhd vd ghep chting lai dudi nhirng dang mdi"(7)
O Viet Nam, chting ta cd the' ke' den cdng trinh Bao tang Viet Bdc (Thai Nguyen) KTS Hodng Nhu Tiep thie't ke Mat trudc cdng trinh cho ta an tugng gdn gQi, a'm ciing va hai hda vdi canh quan xung quanh Cdng trinh cd bd ciic dd'i xirng, day hdnh lang vdi hang cdt thoang, chay hai ben san trong, cd nhieu cdy canh dep Thien nhien va ndi that cd sir lien thdng, tao khdng gian md Nhieu hga tiet trang trf cita cac dan tgc Vidt Bdc dugc sir dting trdn tran nha, d thodng, chdn song sdt cita sd
Cdng trinh Hdi trudng Thdng Nha't TP.HCM (trudc 1975 la Dinh Ddc Lap), KTS Ngd Viet Thti thie't ke, dugc hoan nam 1965 Mat bdng quy hoach cita cdng trinh theo kieu chii cong, ldi mat bdng truyin thd'ng ciia dinh, chtia Viet Nam Cdng trinh khdng phat trien chilu cao, ma dan theo chilu ngang, theo lu kie'n trtic truyen thdng Cac hinh khd'i kie'n trtic dugc bd ciic can xirng, nhung dudng net kien triic mang tfnh hien dai Mat trudc cdng trinh cd nhung ta'm trang trf hinh dot tre, ggi mdt hinh anh thien nhien dac trung Viet Nam, cd hieu qua nha't djnh ve thaim my va cdng nang cho cdng trinh
Mdt cdng trinh kien trtic cdng cua xu hudng la Dai tudng niem anh hi'tng liet si d dudng Bdc San (Ha Ndi), KTS Le Hiep thiet ke Sii sang tao lam nen ve dgc dao cua cdng trinh la d chd tac gia da xir ly cdng sir ke't hgp giua yeu td hien dgi (khdi vudng cita dai tudng niem, vat lieu da dp) va yeu td truyen
(6)y K I F N - T R A O O O I thdng (hinh tugng mai dinh khde ldm, thep
vang, tao khdi rdng) Vat lieu da, lu huang bdng ddng, hdo nudc, cdy cd xung quanh tao khdng khf tjnh, tinh khiet, thidng lieng cho ddi tudng niem
Cdng trinh Qudn cd phd Gid va Nudc (Binh Duong) KTS Vd Trgng Nghia vd cgng sir thie't ke ciing la mdt vf du sinh ddng cho xu hudng ndy Cdng trinh the hien sir sang tao ke't cd'u, sir dting vat lieu, tao sii hdi hda giira kie'n tnic va thien nhien Quan cd phe dugc lam bdng tre - vat lieu tti nhien, mat nudc bao quanh vtra cd tde dting dieu hda vi khf hau, vtra Id mat guang phan chie'u nhan ddi cdng trinh, tao sti huyln do, lung linh Ket ca'u chju Itic cita mdi tir than cay tre ud'n tao tfnh thdm my cdng trinh, da tan dung dugc ngudn nang lugng tti nhidn, than thien vdi mdi trudng Todn bd cdng trinh toat ldn tfnh dan tde md rat hien dai Dl dn da dat nhilu gidi thudng qudc te va Viet Nam
3 Vai nhan xet
Van dl ban sdc van hda dan tde kien tnic, md'i quan he giua dan tgc va hien dai, ke thira va phat huy di san kie'n tnic truyin thd'ng dang Id nhii'ng van dl dugc thao luan sdi ndi nhilu nam qua Cau tra ldi cud'i ettng cho cac van dl vdn dang d phfa trudc
Vl ca ban, nhilu y kie'n da the hien sti thd'ng nha't mdt sd van dl sau
Tfnh dan tgc cita kien trtic truyin thd'ng dugc hinh thdnh va quy djnh bdi nhirng ye'u td: thien nhien, khf hau dja ly, phuang thtrc san xud't, dilu kien kinh te xa hdi, phong ttic, tap quan, tam ly dan tde Ban sdc ddn tde duac hinh qua hang ngdn nam ljch sir the hien qua md'i quan he giira kien trtic vdi canh quan mdi trudng, ke't tinh thdnh thifc kieii tnic
Trong kie'n trtic truyin thd'ng, kien trtic dinh lang la mdt bieu hien tap trung cd tfnh chat dien hinh ciia kien trtic c6 Viet Nam, nai chtra dting nhilu yeu td thudn Viet rat dac sdc Kien true dinh ldng cd nhimg dac trung rat ndi bat sau: bg mdi, lam nen cai dep cita kien true truyin thd'ng; cdu true he cot, la ket cau chju Itic chfnh; hang hien, mdi dua, vtra cd tde diing che
ndng mua, can anh ndng tnic xa, vtra tao chieu sau cho cdng trinh; hdi hoa vdi thien nliien, the hien d su hda hgp cita ngudi vdi cdng trinh va thidn nhien; mdu sdc ttr nhien, khdng rtic rd, gan vdi mdu tir nhidn Khi ke thira vd phdt huy di san kie'n trtic cd cdn chii y nhtrng dac diem tren Kie'n trtic dinh ldng de lai nhilu bdi hgc quy gia vl tfnh nghe thuat vd khoa hgc cho cac the he kie'n trtic su hdm Viec ke thira vd phdt huy di san kie'n trtic truyen thd'ng ddi hdi phai nghien cihi toan dien, sau sdc ve nhirng dac sdc cita kien trtic truyen thd'ng Viet Nam
Tuy nhien, vdn can Xdc dinh mdt each rd rang: kien trtic truyin thd'ng la san pham cita nen van minh ndng nghiep Cdc cdng trinh kien true truyin thd'ng bj quy dinh bdi nin kinh te ndng nghiep va gidi han cho phep cita vat lieu xay dtmg (chit ye'u la gd) nen cd quy md va kfch thire han che Hien nay, thdi ky hien dai hda, cdng nghiep hda thi nhilu yeu td, dac diem ciia kie'n trtic truyin thd'ng khdng cdn phii hgp Ngudi Viet Nam thdi ky mdi thi tam ly, nhu edu eiing cd nhilu thay ddi, khac vdi thdi qua khtr Ke thira, phat huy khdng cd nghia la chep, md phdng gian dan hinh thire ben ngodi cita di san, ma cdn xdc djnh mdi quan he gttra tfnh dan tgc va tfnh hien dai, dl sang tao cac cdng trinh kien trtic ddp ting nhu cdu cita ngudi hdm •
N.V.C
1 Ngo Huy Quynh, Mpt so cong trinh o Ha Noi
Iiien trUc su Viet Nam thiei Ice trud'c 1945, Tap chi Kien tnic Viet Nam so 2-2000
2 Nhieu tac gia, Bdn ve vdn deddn tpc vd hien dai
Iiien trite Viet Nam, Nxbffi^ dipig Ha Noi 1999, tr.84
3 DSn theo Ngo Huy Giao Kien true Phdp nen
chdng?, Dien dan vdn nghe VN, www.nhandan.org.vn
5 Tom gop ca ihay nhirng hoc thuyet ly luan hay phucmg phap ciia bay nhieu nguai ma chiei doan lay mpt each cho chinh dang khong trai voi miic dfch cung khong chech lech vc phia nao goi la chiei trung, Dao Duy Anh, Tii
dien Hdn Viet, N.xb Khoa hoc Xd hpi Ha Noi, 1964, tr 168
6, Din theo Ngo Doan Di'rc, Khai thde Iiien triic
truyen thong vdo Iiien true mdi a Viet Nam - tim kiem vd thii nghiem Tap chi Kieii tnic, so 3-1999, tr.25
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www.nhandan.org.vn