Oe xay ra tinh trang nhieu doanh nghiep CO ngudn thu bing USD khong chju ban lai cho ngan hang, cd tam ly chO gia tiep tuc tang len, tham chi eon ep ngan hang vdi mpt mire gia cao ho[r]
(1)• DIEN OAN NGHIEN CliU VE TAI CHlNH TIEN TE
NHIEM VU TRONG TAM CUA NAM 2009 THS NGUYEN THI T H A N H
Tinh den nay, ehinh sach kich eau ciia Chinh phii da mang lai nhtfng ket qua dang khich le Tang tardng kinh te qui 1/2009 dat 3,1% va du bao cho ca nam tang vao khoang tu 5,0% den 5,5% Hai yeu td co ban phan anh cung -ciu CLia thi truong tien te la lai suit va ty gia duoc quan ly va dieu hanh nim tim kie'm soat ciia Nha nuoc Can can thuong mai va can can vang lai deu thang du, can can toan tdng the co nhieu kha quan hon so voi ciing ky nam tafOc Tang tafong tin dung duoc cai thien qua ttfng thang va da cd su cai thien ro ret hon vao thang va thang
Oe' dat duoc ket qua nhu vay la tu eudi nam 2008, Chinh phii da dua cac goi giai phap ddng bd va thue hien quyet liet nhim han che tdi da tac dpng tieu cue ciia
cupc khiing hoang tai chinh toan ciu, tri tang trudng hgp ly, dn djnh kinh te vl md, dam bao an sinh xa hpi Oac biet la viec Ngan hang Nha nude (NHNN) tri lai suit CO ban 7%/nam vol co che dieu hanh trin lai suit cho vay ddi voi cac Ngan hang Thuong mai, di ddi vdi viec thuc hien chuong trinh hd tro lai suit 4% vay vdn ngan hang bing VNO
Tuy nhien, nen kinh te Viet Nam hien van tiep tuc duong diu vOi nhtfng khd khan, thach thire ciia khiing khoang kinh te, tai chinh toan ciu Ngudn cung ngoai te eho nen kinh te bj giam siit thj truOng xuit khau bj co hep, diu tu nuOc ngoai giam, lugng kieu hdi giam ddng thOi yeu td tam ly CLia nguoi dan cung nhu doanh nghiep lo ngai su giam gia ddng npi te so vdi USD Chinh phii thue hien chinh sach hd trg eho xuit khau hang hoa Hien tugng tich tru cho gia tang, du phong riii ro ty gia thdng qua viec tang lien tuc sd du tidn giri ngoai te tai he thdng cac ngan hang sudt thang qua, ciing vdi viec gam gitr USD ciia nguOi dan va doanh nghiep da han che ngudn
ngoai te luu thdng Dieu cang gay tinh trang cang thang ve ngoai te USD kinh doanh tai cac NHTM va thj trudng tu thOi gian gin day
Mat khac, vay duge bing VND tif chuong trinh hd trg lai suit, nen nhidu doanh nghiep da tra ng vay ngoai te USD, chuye'n sang vay VNO de dugc hudng chinh sach hd trg lai suit 4% Tin dung ca nen kinh te thang tang trudng 11,6% tin dung bing ngoai te lai giam 2,5% cang lam cho cac NHTM du thua ngudn ngoai te cho vay, nhung lai thieu ngoai te ban cho doanh nghiep
Trong thOi gian tdi nhu eau ngoai te eiia nen kinh te cd the tang tang manh, mpt mat cd the su phuc hdi cua san xuit va hoat dpng nhap khau Gia nhap khau nhidu mat hang cd xu hudng tang trd lai va eac doanh nghiep day manh nhap hang vd thi tafong diu bat dau cd ti'n hidu tdt Xuat khau ed diu hieu phuc hdi nhung edn nhidu khd khan va bj han che tu thi tafOng My, EU va Nhat Ban Mat khac eac ngudn vdn dau tu FDI, vdn ODA cung nhu ngudn kidu hdi
(2)DIEN DAN NGHIEN CLTU VE
TAI CHlNH TIEN TE :2
cung duge du bao se giam tac dpng bdi khiing hoang kinh te toan eau Do vay, neu khPng cP nhung giai phap huu hieu thi tinh trang cang thing cung - ciu ngoai te se tiep tuc dien bien phife tap Od' binh dn thj tafOng ngoai hdi hien nay, NHNN da dua nhom giai phap chinh :(i)Thong tin tuyen truydn; (ii)Sir dung cae cong eu kinh te; (iii)Chin chinh thj truOng, chdng diu co Odng thuan vdi chu tafOng ciia NHNN, vOi vai trP la mpt NHTM Nha nuOc lOn o Viet Nam, Ngan hang CPng Thuang Viet Nam da guong mau thue hien cac giai phap tren va xin duge dd xuit mpt sd y kien nhu sau:
ThU nhit, giai phap ve sir dung cae
cdng eu kinh te
- Cac NHTM, nhit la khdi cac NHTM.CP cin dieu ehinh giam lai suit tien giri, tien vay USD de tao su chenh lech gitfa lai suit vay bing VNO va vay bing USD o mire ttr 2%/nam den 3%/nam Nham han che he qua phat sinh doanh nghiep vay VNO tU chuong trinh hd trg lai suit cho vay 4% dd mua tich trif USD khien nhu ciu ngoai te tang manh, ngan hang roi vao tinh trang khan hiem USD de ban NHTM cin phai dieu chinh giam lai suit tidn giri USD de' bao toan duge Igi nhuan khdng cho vay USD dugc van phai huy ddng USD Odng thOi NHTM nen giam lai suit cho vay USD dd' hip din doanh nghiep vay vdn bang USD thay vi chi di mua USD, giam ap luc tang nhu ciu vd ngudn vdn VNO
- NHNN tiep tuc thuc hien hoan ddi ngoai te USD vOi cac NHTM Oe khic phuc tinh trang thtra ngoai te USD cho vay thie'u ngoai te kinh doanh, vua tao them ngudn vdn VND giup NHTM dap irng nhu ciu tin dung ddi vOi cac doanh nghiep theo chuong trinh hd trg ciia Chinh phii, vUa thu hut dugc ngudn ngoai te thUa tin dung ngoai te giam, ddng thoi tang ngoai te de' NHNN ban can thiep, tao khoan va kich hoat thj truOng ngoai hdi
- NHNN chii dpng ban ngoai te can thiep thj tafdng Vdi lugng du tru ngoai hdi ciia NHNN van dam bao dn djnh d mire eao, NHNN tang cuOng ban hd trg khoan tren thj trugng lien ngan hang va ban cho cae doanh nghiep phuc vu nhu ciu thiet yeu eiia ndn kinh te
Ngoai ra, NHNN co thd thuc hien chinh s^eh Idi suit tidn giri thich hop ddi vOi eac tP ehUc kinh te eP ngudn thu ngoai te va xem xet cd thd ap dung bien phap hd trg lai suit
vay vdn bang USD ddi vdi doanh nghiep xuit nhap khiu de tranh tinh trang doanh nghiep chi vay VND, sau dd phai chuyen ddi VND sang USD, lam eho thj tarong tien te phire tap them
ThU hai, giai phap thong tin tuyen taiyen
TafOc thue trang nguoi dan va doanh nghiep, nhit la doanh nghiep xuit khau cd tam ly lo sg ty gia bien dpng nen da tang nhu ciu mua ngoai te, NHNN cin quan tam sau sic hon den djnh hudng du luan xa hpi, ngan chan kjp thOi cac tin ddn thit thiet gay nhtfng bien dpng manh den ty gia hdi doai tren thj truOng tien te Oay la giai phap rit quan trpng va cin thiet, cP tac dung de giai
NHNN CAN QUAN T A M S A U SAC HON OEN OmH HUONG DU
LUAN XA HOI, N G A N CHAN KjP THdl CAC TIN OOIIJHAT T H I £ T
GAY NHO'NG BIEN DdNG MANH OEN TY GlA HOI OOAlTREN THj TRU'ONG TIEN TE
toa tinh trang gam giu ngoai te doanh nghiep va eac ting lOp dan cu
ThUba, giai phap quan ly thj tarong
Oe xay tinh trang nhieu doanh nghiep CO ngudn thu bing USD khong chju ban lai cho ngan hang, cd tam ly chO gia tiep tuc tang len, tham chi eon ep ngan hang vdi mpt mire gia cao hon trin quy dinh ciia NHNN hien hanh; lai co doanh nghiep chua cd nhu ciu sir dung ngoai te nhung cung mua USD dd' tra ng trude han hoac gam giu tren tai khoan tien giri cho gia cao de' ban lay VNO la quan ly nha nude ve ngoai hdi chua chat, lam cho ngoai te thie'u mpt each gia tao tren thj tarOng Vi vay nhung thang cdn lai ciia nam 2009, NHNN can:
I.Tie'p tue didu hanh linh hoat, mdm deo
chinh sach tien te de hd tro cac doanh nghiep cd dieu kien phat trie'n Oac biet la viec xir ly mdi quan he gitfa lai suit va ty gia dam bao tinh hai hoa va tao dugc niem tin ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep va dan cu ve su dn dinh dieu hanh cac ehinh sach kinh te vTmd
Hien nay, lai suit huy dpng VNO dang CO hien tugng tang manh, cP the nguyen nhan dap irng nhu ciu tang tin dung VNO hien dang rat Idn Viec tang cho vay theo lai suit thoa thuan tai mpt sd cac NHTM dang la mpt vin de cin duge quan tam Dieu it nhieu se lam anh hudng tOi chinh sach kich ciu ma Chinh phii va NHNN dang theo dudi Vi vay cac NHTM cin kie'm soat chat che viec cho vay tieu dung
2 Chinh phii thuc hien viec hoan thue, mien giam thue ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep xuat khau, cac doanh nghiep khP khan thuc su, cac NHTM Nha nude da thuc thi giai phap binh dn thj tafong tidn te, chia se khP khan cho cac doanh nghiep,
3 Nen co chinh sach san sang ban ngoai te USD cho cac NHTM co nhu ciu de gian tiep can thiep manh me hon, tao khoan va kich hoat trd lai hoat dpng binh thuong ciia thj truOng tin dung
4 Cin eP cac giai phap ddng bp, kd ca giai phap hanh ehinh dd han che tinh trang dp la hPa tren tinh thin trid'n khai y kidn chi dao CLia Thii tudng Chinh phii tai CPng van sd 695nTg - KTN 8/5/2009 Caeca quan quan ly cin tang cudng kiem tra, thudng xuyen chin chinh, xir ly nghiem cae hanh vi vi pham quy djnh eiia phap luat vd quan ly ngoai hdi, dac biet la cac hoat dpng mua ban ngoai te trai phep, chdng diu co, quang cao, niem yet gia hang hoa va dich vu bing ngoai te; NHNN cin xir ly nghiem khic cac hanh vi cd tinh mua ban ngoai te vugt trin qui djnh
Ben canh bien phap kd tren, Chinh phii, NHNN thuOng xuyen kiem soat va quan ly chat che eac ludng vdn ngoai te, chii dpng can ddi xuit nhap khiu, khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep cd ngoai te ban lai cho ngan hang Bing giai phap ddng bp va dugc cac eo quan quan ly nha nude thuc hien quyet liet, nhit la viec didu hanh lai suit va ty gia theo huong than trpng, linh hoat, giiip cac doanh nghiep ndi chung va NHTM nPi ridng CO dieu kien thuan loi hoat dPng kinh doanh, phat tridn bdn vung didu kidn hien •