Mô hình kiến trúc hướng dịch vụ hỗ trợ quản lý quy trình kinh doanh trong doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa

SOA cung ca'p cac dich vu co ve kie'n true eua he thd'ng thdng tin nhdm the du'dc tai sff dung trong nhieu quy trinh nghiep vu dem lai nhffng chffc nang nghiep vu, khac nhau, giup doan[r]

Mo hinh kien true hiring dich vu ho trgr

quan ly quy trinh kinh doanh trong doanh nghiep nho va vuTa

TRAN THr KIM OANH'

Tom tat

Nghiin ciiu ndy phdn tich vd tong hap nhvtng vdn di liin quan den Qudn ly quy trinh kinh doanh (BPM - Business Process Management) vd Kien triic hUdng dich vu (SOA - Servive Oriented Architecture) Dong thdi, ddnh gid thuc trgng dng dung hi thdng thong tin qudn l^ trong khdi doanh nghiip nhd vd vita d Viet Nam hien Tren ca sd do, tdc gid de xud't md hinh SOA hd tra hoat dong BPM cho khdi doanh nghiep ndy

Tit khda: kie'n trdc hudng dich vu, quy trinh nghiep vu, qudn ly quy trinh nghiip vu

Summary

This study analyzes and synthesizes issues related to Business Process Management (BPM) and Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) At the same time, it assesses the current situation of Vietnam-based SME's application of management information system On that basis, the author suggests SOA model to support BPM activity in those enterprises

Keywords: service-oriented architecture, business process, business process management

- - G\6\ THIEU CO SCf LY THUYET VA PHl/aNG

PHAP NGHIEN Cifu Vdi sff tie'n bd ciia cdng nghd, xu hffdng kinh doanh

va phong each kinh doanh eua cac doanh nghiep cung Casdly thuye't

dang thay ddi Tuy nhidn, vide thay doi nhanh chdng Theo Gopala Krishna Behara (2006), cua cdng nghe Idm cho cdc doanh nghidp cQng gap Eric A, Marks va Michael Bell (2006) , nhffngkhd khan viec phai ddi mdi de theo kip BPM Id mdt phffdng phap hay, mdt bd xu the' Kinh doanh hien dai ddi hdi doanh nghiep sffu lap ede cdng cu cho phep doanh phai lien tuc dong bp hda, chua'n hda, td'i ffu hda quy nghiep xdc dinh cdc quy trinh nghiep vu trinh nghiep vu Sff ke't hdp ciia BPM va SOA la mot theo cdc bffdc Quan ly quy trinh nghiep giai phap cho sif gan kd't cdng nghe thdng tin va kinh vu giai quyet vide Idm the nao td chffc co doanh Trong doanh nghiep, SOA cd the tdn tai ma the dinh nghia, md hinh hda, phdt trien, khdng lien quan dd'n BPM vd ngifdc lai BPM eung ed tridn khai, td'i ffu vd quan ly cac quy trinh the ton tai ma khdng difa vao SOA Tuy nhien, sif ke't nghiep vu, bao gdm ea cdc quy trinh cd hgp eua SOA va BPM se ndng cao sffc manh, Idi the lien quan dd'n tffdng tac giffa he thd'ng ciia chiing so vdi chung dffng ddc lap SOA cung thdng tin va ngffdi

cap kha nang de tao quy trlnh nghiep vu SOA kdt Trong dd, SOA la mot khdi niem ndi long leo vdi BPM SOA cung ca'p cac dich vu co ve kie'n true eua he thd'ng thdng tin nhdm the du'dc tai sff dung nhieu quy trinh nghiep vu dem lai nhffng chffc nang nghiep vu, khac nhau, giup doanh nghiep cd the cai tid'n quy trinh hoac la nhffng quy trinh ffng dung mdt lien tuc nham tang kha nang canh tranh va nang cao each thudn tidn nha't cho ngffdi sff dung hieu qua kinh doanh, j^di dang cdc dich vu hoat dpng trdn mdi

ThS Truong Dai hoL \inh Email ManiKilT,«gmail com

Ngay nhdn bai 06/01/2017 Nga^ phdn bien- 07/03/2017: Ngay duyet dung: 14/03/2017

trffdng mang cd kha nang chia se va sft dung lai Theo cac nghidn effu trdn, md hinh tdng quan hd thdng SOA dffdc md ta thdng qua Sd dd I

Kdt qud nghien effu c3a Jasmine Noel (2005) vd Gheorghe Matei (2011) cho thd'y, sff kdt hdp BPM vd SOA giup cai thidn quy trinh nghidp vu, 1dm tdng kha nang thich ffng nhanh vdi nhu cau rd't bidn ddng ciia thi trffdng

Nghidn effu cua Imran Sarwar Bajwa va cdng sff (2009) da dffa md hinh cho sif ket hdp BPM va SOA ddi vdi doanh nghidp nhd Nghien ciJu cung da ddnh gid vdi ddc didm cua khdi doanh nghiep la quy trinh nghidp vu thffdng hay thay ddi, lian che ve tdi chinh, nhdn Iffe thi viec ffhg dung SOA va tridn khai he thd'ng BPM dffa tren SOA Id mdt ldi thd Theo IBM (2009), ngodi vide BPM dffdc tang them sffc manh difa trdn SOA, thi ngudc lai, ldi ich ciia SOA ciing tang len kd't tidp vdi BPM BPM giiip SOA xdc dinh cdc dich vu tff quy tnnh nghidp vu, cung nhff quan ly rui ro kinh doanh thdng qua phan tich riii ro ciia cdc quy trinh nghidp vu

Theo Jasmine Noel (2005) vd Gopala Krishna Behara (2006), md'i quan he giffa BPM va SOA dffdc the hidn bang sd dd sau (Sddd 2)

Trong Sd 2, cd sd vat cha't ting SOA se to chffc vd hd trd, dong thdi 1dm trung gian cung ca'p dich vu cho BPM Cdc dich vu dffdc dffa se difdc sff dung cdc quy trinh khdc nhau, Sif thay ddi dich vu khdng anh hffdng dd'n quy trinh Quy trinh se sff dung lai cdc dich vu khac can thie't Sff thay ddi quy trinh se dffdc thffc hidn nhanh chdng hdn d cap dd doanh nghiep Bdi, SOA se tdeh ridng quy trinh va trien khai ffng dung Cae giao tie'p giffa quy trinh va ffng dung chi xdy thdng qua mdi trffdng tich hdp Nhu' vay, SOA lam giam thieu khoang each giffa md hinh hda quy trinh vd trien khai ffng dung

Gopala Krishna Behara (2006) cung cho rang, BMP dffa tren SOA se lam cho ban than mdi ffng dung manh hdn ra't nhieu chung dffng ddc lap Cac dich vu difdc ke't nd'i vdi de di de'n mdt quy trinh nghiep vu tdng hdp, SOA giam thieu khoang each giffa phan Uch kmh doanh va phat trien cdng nghe thdng tin Quy trinh nghiep vu va dff lieu cd the dffdc xem xet va thie't ke ddng thdi de truy cap vao cac ffng dung va ed sd dff lieu

Sd DO 1: mo HlWH TOMG QOAN H$ THONG SOA

t^rjuon Gopala Krishna Behata ( 0 ) , Eric A Marks Michael Bell (2006)

S d DO 2: M O I Q Q A N HE G I S A BPM V A SOA

1 T.^«n„™*

f

BPM

"i!'"rinr

:.'= ".".r

^ _ ^ ^

.Nguon^ Jasmine Noel (2005) va Gopala Krishna Behara (2006)

HiMH ! • T A M G QOY TRiMH MGHIEP V U THOMG Q G A T A N G D|CH V g

n:\u i;v cpa!

HiNH 2: TY L f DOANH NOHIEP THEO QUY « SO LKdNO LAO DQNG

8.5%

s Tif flen a TO 10 (Jen 50 • Tren 50

HlNH 3: SO A N G DUNG DA DCftJC TRIEN KHAI THEO QOY MO DOANH NGHlgP 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

• TCr d^n • T C f ( j n • Tren 50

1 den 22.40% 11.20% 0%

1 3 a ^ n

75% 81.30% 88.20%

7 tr6 len 2.60% 7.50% 11-80%

Nguon So lieu dieu tra cua tac gia Phuang phdp nghien cdu

Nghien effu sff dung phUdng phdp phdn tieh, tdng hdp ede tai lieu lidn quan Ddng thdi, sff dung phffdng phdp thd'ng kd md td dffa tren ke't qua khao sdt dilu tra bang bang hdi

Dff lieu sd ca'p dffdc thu thap thdng qua phffdng phap khdo sdt, dieu tra Cdc doanh nghidp dffdc dieu tra cd quy md chu yd'u Id nho va vffa d tinh, phd'la: Nghe An, Ha Npi, TP Ho Chi Minh Thdi gian dieu tra tff thang 04/2015 dd'n thang 08/2015 So' phie'u hdi thu ve la 200 phie'u, mdi doanh nghiep hdi phid'u Ngffdi tra ldi phie'u la lanh dao va ngffdi phu trach cdng nghe thdng tin cua doanh nghiep Dff lieu sau thu thdp dffdc sff dung phan mem Excel de xff ly, dffa cac thdng tin dap ffng muc tieu nghien effu

KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU

ThUc trang dug dung h? thdng thong tin qudn ly tai cdc doanh nghidp nho vd vda Vi^t Nam

Theo ke't qua dieu tra cua tae gia, sd' 200 doanh nghiep nho va vffa thi ty Id doanh nghidp theo quy md sd Iffdng lao dong nhu sau: phan Idn cdc doanh nghiep nho vd vffa cd quy md tff 10 de'n 50 nhdn vien (53,5%), tie'p dd'n la doanh nghidp co quy md tff dd'n nhan vidn (38,0%), sd'doanh nghiep cd quy md tren 50 nhan vien chi chie'm 8,5% (Hinh 2)

Ve trien khai ling dung: Hau hd't cac doanh nghiep

cd tff de'n ffng dung khac da difdc trien khai thffc hien (69.5%) va ed 30.5% doanh nghidp ed hdn

4 ffng dung, cac iJhg dung dffdc trien khai nhieu nhat bao g6m: he thdng

qudn IS kd todn tdi chinh (100%), he thdng qudn 1-$ luang (87,5%), he thdng qudn If nhdn su (71,5%), he thdng qudn ly bdn hdng (47,5%) Tid'p sau dd la he thdng qudn ly-kho (36,0%) va he thdng qudn ly tdi sdn (34,5%)

Phdn tich theo quy md, ty 1? doanh nghidp chi trien khai de'n iSig dung nhff sau: ddi vdi cdc doanh nghidp sidu nhd Id 22,4%, doanh nghidp nhd la 11,2% Ty Id doanh nghidp trien Jdhai de'n ffng dung: ddi vdi doanh nghiep sieu nhd 75,0%, doanh nghiep nhd Id 81,3%, doanh nghiep vffa Id 88,2% T^ Id doanh nghidp ttien khai tff iiiig dung trd len: doi vdi doanh nghidp sieu nhd Id 2,6%, doanh nghiep nhd la 7,5%, doanh nghidp vffa Id 11,8% (Hinh 3) Cdc cdng cu, ngdn ngff lap tiinh diing xdy difng hd thd'ng cung phong phu nhff: Ngdn ngU lap trinh Visual Basic, C++, Java, ASP, PHP

vi mdc dS vd cdch thdc tuang tdc gida cdc vtng dung: Cdc ffng dung

doanh nghidp cd the tffdng tac de' cung cap thdng tin, dff lidu cho Cdch thffc tffdng tdc giffa cdc ffng dung cd the la tffdng tdc thu cdng hoac sff dung chffc nang cd san hoac tff vidt ehffdng trinh TiTdng tac thu cdng nghia la dff hdu d ffng dung I thay ddi, nd'u ffng dung can dd'n dff lieu thi phai nhap vao bdng tay Con nd'u hai ffng dung da dffdc thie't ke de cd ,thd' trao ddi thdng tin, dff lidu nghTa la tffdng tdc bdng chffc nang ed sdn Ngodi ra, cd the tff viet ehffdng liinh de lam cho hai ffng dung ddc lap tffdng tdc dffdc vdi

Theo kd't qua dilu tra khao sdt, 200 doanh nghiep chi cd doanh nghiep da tnen khai he thd'ng hoach dmh nguon Iffc doanh nghiep ERP, cdc phan hd, nhff: Quan ly ke'toan tai chinh, Quan ly nhan sff, Quan ly Iffdng, Quan ly bdn hang , he thd'ng hoan toan cd the tffdng tac vdi bdng chffc nang cd san da dffdc thid't kd' tong the tff d^u Cd doanh nghiep ehi trien khai mdt ffng dung Quan ly ke'toan tai chinh Cdc doanh nghiep cd tff ffng dung trd Idn chu ye'u tu'dng tae vdi bdng phffdng phdp thu cdng, mot so' it tffdng tdc bang chffc nang cd san va ra't it doanh nghiep tff vie't ehffdng trinhjffdng uic

Mo hinh SOA hd tra BPM cho doanh nghiep nho vd vda

Hinh cho tha'y vdi cdc ffng dung

ed ban Men c6 doanh nghidp nho vd viiTa, nhff: ffng dung quan l^ nhdn sff, qudn ly tai chinh k^ toan, Iffdng, ban hang, mua hang, kho cd thd' dffdc phdt trien tai cdc thdi diem khdc nhau, s^ dung cac ngdn ngff Idp tnnh, nhff: Java, C++, Net., vdi cdc hd quan tri cd s6 dff lidu khdc nhau, cd the chay trdn cac hd dieu hanh Windows, Linux,,, dIu ed the' tieh hdp dffdc vdi qua mdi trffdng tich hdp Mdi trffdng tich hdp ddng vai tro trung tam, 1dm cho cdc ffng dung cd th^ kd't nd'i dffdc vdi Thdng qua mdi trffdng tich hdp vdi "clu ndi" la cdc dich vu, cdc ffng dung se trao dd'i dff lidu cho nhau, hffdng tdi tff ddng hda cac quy trinh nghidp vu doanh nghidp Giai phap tich hdp ndy ra't linh boat dd'i vdi cac quy tnnh nghidp vu hay thay doi ciia doanh nghidp nho vd vffa Khi can phat trien cdc ffng dung mdi, vide sff dung lai ede dich vu se 1dm cho vide phdt trien ddn gian hdn, nhanh chdng hdn va dd td'n chi phi hdn

KET L U A N

Ke't qua nghien clJu cho thd'y, BPM vd SOA cd the tao sff kd't hdp hoan hao cho doanh nghidp BPM giup dmh nghTa, md hinh hda, thie't ke', trie'n khai, giam sdt, quan ly quy trinh nghidp vu Cac dich vu cung cap cac chffc nang hd trd cdc quy trinh SOA cung ca'p khd

HiNH 4: MO HINH SOA H TR0 BPM CHO DOANH NGHlgP N H VA V^A

l/rgdyngtiusn^

Z

ENTERPRISE SERVICE BUS Nen t i n g c6ng ngH ! Web Services

tfrg dyrg quan ly mua hang

^

ndng cho cdc dich vu dffdc ke't hdp va hd trd de tao sff nhanh nhen vd linh boat kinh doanh BPM ma khdng dffa tren SOA se khd khan de md rdng doanh nghiep SOA ma khdng cd BPM se thid'u kha nang de sff dung cac dich vu hd trd kinh doanh linh boat vd nhanh nhay SOA tao cdc thdnh phan kinh doanh dffdi dang md dun va dong gdi logic kinh doanh vdi cdc giao dien di kem.U

TAI LH;U THAMKHAO

1 Nguyln True Le (2014) Mdhinh kie'n true hffdng djch vu va khuyd'n nghi cho Vidt Nam, Tap

chi Kinh te & Plidt irii'n, so'204(11), thdng 06/2014

2 Tran Thi Kim Oanh (2014), Kie'n true hu'dng dich vu - sff Iffa chon phil hdp cho doanh nghidp nho va vffa Viet Nam hidn Tap chi Kinh te & Phdt tnen, thang 11/2014, tr, 59-67

3 Eric A Marks, Michael Bell (2006) Ser\nce oriented architecture: A planning and

implementation guide for business and technology, Wiley & Sons

4 Gheorghe Matei (2011), SOA and BPM, u Partnership for Successful Organizations, Informatica Economic, vol, 15, no 4/2011

5 Gopala KiTshna Behara (2006), BPM and SOA: A Strategic Alliance, BPTrends 6 IBM (2009) Achieving business agility with BPM and SOA together

1 IBM (2009) Business Process Management Enabled hy SOA, Redbooks

8 IBM (2006) Patterns: SOA Foundation -Business Process Management Scenario, Redbooks Imran Sarwar Bajwa, Ali Samad, Shahzad Mumtaz Rafaqut Kazmi, Abbas Choudhary (2009) BPM meeting wuh SOA: A Customized Solution for Small Business Enterprises, International Conference on Information Management and Engineering

10 Jasmine Noel (2005) BPM and SOA • Belter Together IBM Corporation

11 Mike Rosen, Boris Lublinsky, Kevin T Smith and Marc J Balcer (2008) Applied SOA

Servii e-Orienled Architecture and Design Strategies, Wiley, Indiana

12 Thomas Erl (2005) Service-Orienled Architecture: Concepts Technology, and Desisn Prentice Hall PTR