Cac cdng trinh kiln trfle Phat gilo d Thii Binh diu dugc kiln true theo kilu cd, tfl cdng tam quan (rieng ddi vdi' cdng trinh kiln true chfla, d tam quan cdng vao chfla ed 3 cua, thu[r]
(1)Tap chi Cong tac Ton giao VAN HOA DAO DLTC TON GlAO
KtfW TRCC CMG TRiffl PHAT GliO 0^ THAI B ! M
-m -m-m
1 1 iiir
HONG CHaONG *
I hii Binh la tinh ndng nghiep vflng ddng bing Ble Bd cd dien tfch dat tu nhidn 1.550km^ din so khoang 1,8 trieu ngudi Din trdn dia ban tinh cd 770 ngdi chua nim tren 267 xa phudng vdi tdng dien tfch tu nhidn la 1.957.9o6m\ sd chfla cd tang ni tru tri la 340 Cd 109 chfla dfloe cdng nhan di tfch lich su van hoa d p qud'c gia, 92 chua dugc chflng nhan di tfch lich sir van hoa d p tinh Dac bidt chfla Keo
dflgc cdng nhin la di tfch lich sfl dac biet d p qud'c gia
Ngoai ra, trdn dia ban tinh cdn cd khoang vai tram ngdi din thd d c ble nhin va danh tai cua tinh, hang tram ngdi dinh ciia d c lang xa noi thd tu ciia nhan dan thdn lang, la noi sinh hoat, cflng 11 ciia nhan dan Nhin chung d c cdng trinh kiln true Phat giao d Thai Binh ludn mang ban sic ciia nln kien true cd mang dam da ban sic ciia nln kinh tendng nghiep, ndng thdn, vfla mang tfnh cd kfnh vfla mang tfnh linh thidng Cd thi khii quit mdt sd net dac trung sau day:
1 Ve lua chon dia diem, quy hoach mat bang cdng trinh
LS hgi d chua Keo - Thai Binh Anh: CTV
Thai Binh cd mdt so dugc xay dung the ky 15 trd lai diy, da phan dugc xay dung vao nhflng thi ky sau (cd cdng trinh dflgc xay dung sdm nhu chua Thiln Quang, chiia Keo dugc xay dung tfl nhung nam 1061 ddi vua Ly Thanh Tdng) Tuy theo mflc khae cua mdi dia phuong, ma quy md ciia d c edng trinh khae Theo sir sach ghi lai hiu hit d c cdng trinh kiln true Phat giao d Thai Binh duoc xly dung d thdi nao cung vay deu dugc ban bae nhat tri nhan dan va dac biet la eac phat tu, dugc lua chgn va gidi thidu dia dilm xay dung d noi thoang mit, ydn tTnh, noi dd phai bao dam cd vudn cay, cd ao, khdng lanh, 11 noi trung tam cua dia phuong, cd dudng Cac cdng trinh kid'n true Phat giao d * Nguyen Gidm ddc Sd Xdy dung thihThdi Binh
(2)VAN HOA DAO DLTC TON GlAO
giao thdng thuan lgi de eac tang ni phat tfl di lai cflng Id Quy md d c cdng trinh thudng bd tri khoang Iha trd len, ed nhflng cdng trinh ldn thi tdi 4,5ha
Nhin ehung cac cdng trinh kid'n trfle Phat giao du to nhd nhung diu dugc bd trf theo quy hoach chung dd la:
- Khu tam quan (thudng la toa tam quan) mdt sd chfla cd tam quan ngoai va tam quan ndi
- Qua tam quan ed the din khu ao, vudn cly
- Khu thd phung, nhilu cdng trinh thd theo kilu tiln Phat ban Than
- Xung quanh khu vuc thd phung theo ttmg noi ed the xay mdt sd hang muc edng trinh phuc vu cho cflng 11 vl ddn tilp khich
2 Nhiimg net Icien true doc dao:
Cac cdng trinh kiln trfle Phat gilo d Thii Binh diu dugc kiln true theo kilu cd, tfl cdng tam quan (rieng ddi vdi' cdng trinh kiln true chfla, d tam quan cdng vao chfla ed cua, thudng cua gifla to, bai cua hai bdn nhd hon, d tam quan thudng cd gac treo chudng chua, khinh, trdng), dudng vIo cdng trinh, thap chudng, hang muc quan trgng la noi thd tu, budc vIo noi thd tu cd sin t l 11, le dfldng, noi thd tu tflng dia phflong ma cd quy md to nhd khic nhimg diu chung nhl't la dugc xly dung vdi ldi kiln true cd eua ndng thdn Viet Nam, bao dam sir bin vflng eua cdng trinh vfla dep vfla khoe tao dugc the can bing Noi thd tu dugc phan d p thd theo be bae, cd tiln cung, hau cung Trang tri ndi thit d tat ca d c bang muc cdng trinh diu dugc cham khic tinh xao, trang tri dd thd dugc bd tri bgp ly, mau sic thudng dugc son son thiip vang llm tdn vinh ve linh thieng cua cdng trinh Tuy trang tri ndi that rat phuc tap nhung bai hoi, khdng bi rdi mit Khi budc vao cdng trinh mgi ngudi diu thay tdn nghidm, trang trgng
Tap chi Cong tac Ton giao lam cho tinh than dugc sang khoai, tinh tam Mdt sd edng trinh cd bia dl cd vdi nhung net van boa cham khic ddc dao cua van hoa ll binh dang rdng sd'ng ddng udn lugn, diu vl mdi rdng to dugc each dieu the bien ndi kbit khao cua dan chflng ciu mong eho mua thuan gid boi, mua mang tuoi td't, dan khang, vat thinh Mai d c cdng trinh diu dugc lgp bing ngdi ta gde mli dao cong dl tdn ve uy nghi cua cdng trinh
Kiln true cdng trinh Phat giao d Thai Binh cdn mang nhilu net ddc dIo cua kiln trfle cd, xin neu mdt so kiln true cdng trinh dac trflng dfldi day:
1 Kiln trfle cd chfla Keo: Chua ed ten la Thin Quang thd Thiln sfl Khdng Ld thugc dia phan xa Duy Nhat, huyen Vu Thu, Thai Binh, dugc Bd Van hoi The thaovl Du lich xlp hang Di tich lich sfl qud'c gia Dugc xay dung tfl 1061 thdi vua Ly Thanh Tdng, nam 1632, chfla Keo dugc tai tao xay dung lai tren khu dat rgng 58.000m^ vdi 21 hang muc cdng trinh va 157 gian Chfla Keo dflgc bd cue theo kieu ndi cdng, ngoai qud'c va cd cdng trinh chinh
- Khu tam quan bam sat mat nln gdm gian tam quan ngoai, gian tam quan ndi va cdng ta mdn, hflu mdn, tfldng hoa tru bilu ddi dien qua mat hd xung quanh ke da vl trdng cay xanh
- Qua tam quan din san ldn dd la chfla dng Hd (7 gian) dien Phat (3 gian) chua Phat (3 gian)
- Tilp dd la khu din Thinh toa gil roi (7 gian) Thidn huong (7 gian), Phuc qudc (3
gian), Thugng dien (3 gian) ' - Quan san nhd 11 glc chudng kieu
chdng didm ting cao II met
Vl kiln trfle cd the ndi chua Keo 11 mdt kiln true cd tidu bieu nhat: Khi vao chfla phii qua cdng tam quan, dudng lit bing da xanh rdng met dudng dai tdi gin 340 met Cum kiln true chua Phat, cum kiln
(3)Tap chi Cong tac Ton giao VAN HOA OAO DQC TON GIAO
true nly lay tinh, tinh khiet lam gde gdm chfla Hd, dien Phat, chua Phat Kiln trfle din thd Khdng Ld Thiln su, tfl diu bing, dau ke ldn, son, dau chdng ddu cham khic tinh vi hinh rdng phugng Hinh thflc kie'n true ddc dao ggi la: "tiln Phat, hau than" Gac chudng chfla Keo la kiln trfle hoan toan bing gd trfl may phien da ke chin vl mai ngdi Glc chudng hinh gan vudng cao 11 met vl ting hit sflc dd so, cgt d i cd dudng kinh 0,05m, cgt bidn din tang dugc dung theo phuong phip cd truyin "thugng thu, thanh", cle ting diu lam mli gde cd diu dao cong Ciu thang bing gd, sau hang lan can la he thd'ng bflc ban Glc chudng treo mdt qua chudng dflc vao nam 1689, net ddc dao kiln true gac chudng chfla Keo 11 ky thuat ghep mdng, bao dam sir chic chin va vung chai cua cdng trinh, d ting mli cua glc ehudng cd mai cong mim, bd ndc dau dao cham hinh loan phugng da each dieu, day 11 sing tao kid'n true cd tidu bilu d ddng bing Ble Bd Cac hang muc cdng trinh diu dugc cham khic tinh xao nhu bd d n h cfla, bay gde chua dng Hd cd sen che lung d hoi rdng, he thd'ng 84 son ndi, son ngoai vdi d c dl tai long phi, long giang, long cud'n, nghd ddi, nghd ganh xa la nhung tic phim nghd thuat dac sic Cac dau du, chl'n phong chfla Phat vdi d c cham khic long quan, long d, tfl linh la nhung kid'n trfle cd tinh xao vl didu khic Chfla Keo ed gan 100 tflgng cd, bin thd kilu xich ddng cham khic tinh xao, nhflng sap thd ed hang ngin boa tilt trang tri, nhflng khIm thd ting cfla vdng da tao cho chua cd kiln trfle ddc dao
2 Tren dia ban phd Thai Binh cd hang chuc ngdi chfla, din VI kid'n trfle cd nhl't cd chua Doan Tuc, chua Tiln, chua Tfl Xuyen cd quy md ldn, xin ndu may net ddc dIo ctia chfla Doan Tuc Chua Doan Tue nim tai phudng Tien Phong, thinh phd Thai Binh La chfla cd nim trdn dia ban rdng rai
thoang mit, canh quan kien trfle dep Phia trudc cdng chfla la mdt bd nudc rdng llm cich biet bin ngdi chfla va dia gidi xung quanh He thd'ng tudng bao va toi tic mdn chdng diem sflng sung an ngfl mat tiln tao ve trang nghiem cua kiln trfle ed Qua mli tam quan din vudn chua vl he thdng thap td tai vudn, chfla ed tfl thdi Ly va din thdi vua Tu Dflc chfla dugc trflng tu lai Chfla dflgc xay dung theo kieu "tiln nha't, hau dinh" gdm toa bii dudng gian va nam gian chinh eung Phia Ddng chfla la he thd'ng thd td, nhi khich va khu tang xa, d c cdng trinh phu Phia Tay chua 11 he thd'ng thd Mlu Lilu Hanh va vudn chfla
Toa BII dudng cd gian dugc xay theo kilu "Hdi van Ngu dau", d c he thd'ng keo llm theo kilu "thugng chdng dau sen, chdng rudng" dugc tram trd kha cdng phu nhu da'u sen, 11 lat, va d c loai hoa van thdi cd xua gian chfla chfnh dugc trang trf tuong tu, sang trgng, ndi thit dugc trang tri bdi d c bflc dai tu chfl Han, d c bd cua vdng, cau ddi gd treo tai d c hang cgt va d c ban thd, nhang an Ndi dung cham khic tai day diu theo d c dl tii nhu: tfl linh, long, lan, quy, phugng va tfl quy: thdng, cue, true, mai Phin leo vl phin trin d c bd cfla vdng dflgc the hidn cle dl tai nhfl: trfle hoi long, tflng hoa long chiu vIo bdng mai hoa mat nguyet, ky thuat cham khic rl't tinh xao Chua cdn bao lflu dugc nhilu hidn vat cd quy hilm thdi Ld
3 Chfla Can thude xa Ddng Duong, Ddng Hung chfla dugc xay dung tfl thdi Ld trai qua d c biln cd va thang trim cua lich sfl, chfla Cin cdn tdn tai din ngiy nay, diy la mdt ngdi chfla cd cdn lai va tdn tao, gifl gin Ngoli vide thd Phat, noi day edn thd dflc Thanh Trin Ldi chinh vao chua cd cdng tam quan mai cong dao gudt, bdn ta hflu cd giai vu, mdi toa gian kiln true theo kieu hdi van cinb bang Trong chfla chinh kiln true theo kieu tiln nhat hau dinh, toi ngoai gian, toi gian, bau
(4)VAN HOA DAO DLTC TON GIAO Tap Chi Cong tac Ton giao
cung gian He thdng cgt chfla va gian mat tiln dflgc xly cudn vdm bing vat lieu da, tfl chin tang, cd bdng, cgt bao, vdm cud'n diu dugc che tac tfl dl nguydn khd'i kich CO ldn Mat trudc cac cgt da soi chi kep, khic d u dd'i, cae phan cdn lai dugc cham khic hoa van "tfl quy" vdi nhflng dfldng net sic Kid'n true ndi that, cae vi keo llm kieu gil chidng, chdng rudng, ndc cham hd phu, cac cdn bung cham hoa van ky h i la lat va d c dl tai thdng - cue - trfle - mai hoi rdng, net cham khic tinh khilt khoe kholn Nhin chung chua 11 ngdi chua ldn d Thii Binh dugc kiln trfle vdi khdi Iflgng da kha ldn Chua edn dugc lflu gifl nhilu tugng phip va dd t l ll cd cd gia tri nha't la qua chudng ldn va d c tam bia dl cd nidn dai bang tram nam
4 He thd'ng din va dinh cd d Thai Binh rit nhilu, xin ndu kiln true cd d hai ngdi din tim cd qud'c gia dd la din Tidn La (Hung HI) vl din Ddng Bing (Quynh Phu)
- Din Tidn La d xa Doan Hflng - Hung Ha thd ba Bat Nan tudng quan (nfl tudng ciia Hai Ba Trung) Ngdi din cd quy md ldn, dep long liy bao gdm nhilu cdng trinh: cdng din, toi tiln tl, toi trung tl, thugng dien, san den vudn din, nha khich Toi dien bai dudng va thugng dien, san din, vudn din, nha khaeh Toa bii dudng va thugng dien duge kiln true gd tfl thilt duge tram trd cdng phu nhu "long, lan, quy, phugng" dan xeii vdi "thdng, cue, true, mai"
Cac he thd'ng y mdn, ciia vong, dai tu, cudn thu, cau dd'i, dugc bai tri hii hoa, trang nghidm Toa dien trung te dugc kiln true hoan toan bing vat lieu da kl ca he thd'ng cgt xl keo, dugc tram trd cdng phu nhu: long vin, long quin, long qui'n thuy, long chiu, dan xen tfl quy vdi tfl linh Kiln trfle theo kieu "chdng diem, cd elc" la trung tam kid'n true dep cd kfnh cua ngdi din Din cdn lflu gifl dugc nhilu ky vat quy biem thdi Le Din Ddng Bing thude xa An Ll
-Quynh Phu tren dien tich khoang 6ha vdi 13 toa 66 gian theo kilu kiln true "tiln nhi hau dinh" rat bl thi Cac mang kid'n true eua cdng trinh mim mai hai boa vdi cae dl tai tfl quy, tfl linh, elc be thd'ng rudng cgt, xa diu dugc cham khic hoa van cd Cac hoa tilt cham khic cua din la d c hoa tilt boa long, rdng cud'n thuy, sde nho, nhi thlp bit tfl, vao din tao cho du khaeh din vdi hoa la, chim mudng, thidn nhien ra't huyIn thoai nhflng rl't dung di Din Ddng Bing mang dam phong each kiln true truyin thd'ng van boa ling xa Bic Bd De'n vdi din Ddng Bing ngudi ta khdng elm thay xa la vdi mdi trudng cua vung qud
Khdng thi ke bet elc cdng trinh kid'n trfle Phat gilo d Thai Binh dflgc, chi bie't ring Thai Binh la vflng dat cd truyin thd'ng van hiln Trai qua hang nghin nam lich sir, d c the be tiln nhan xfla da dl lai tren manh da't Thii Binh bing ngan di tieh kiln true Phat gilo cd ed gia tri, dilu dd da chflng minh ddi sd'ng van hoi tinh than vl tam linh cua cdng ddng ling xa vflng qud lua ddng bing Ble Bd Ngiy trdn manh dat mlu md phi nhidu nly, d c cdng trinh kid'n trfle Phat giao cd thudng xuydn duge tu bd vl gin gifl bao tdn vdi su quan tim cua cap uy va chinh quyln d c cap, su ddng gdp tich cue cua nhan dan Hy vgng edng tac Phat giao ndi chung va bao tdn d c cdng trinh kiln trfle cd Phat giao se dflgc quan tam hon Xin trfeh din su quan tam cua tinh Thai Binh vl cdng tie dd la bao d o chinh tri cua Ban Chap hinh, Dang bd Tinh trinh Dai hdi Dai bilu Dang bd tinh lan thfl XVIII (vao quy nam 2010) phin phuong hudng nhiem vu phat triln sir nghiep van boa cd doan viit: "Tidp tuc diu tu va thu hut dau tu tdn tao, bio tdn d c di tich lich sfl van boa; tap trung hoan thinh mdt so di tich lich sfl van hoi trgng diem, gin vdi phit triln du lieh tam linh"a