Một cách nhìn về quy hoạch và kiến trúc đô thị Gia Nghĩa

Mpt dieu dang IQu y nQa la phai het sQc coi trpng viec bao tdn va phat trien cay xanh, nhat la nhQng loai cay dac trUng Tay Nguyen, han che tdi da viec chat cay nham tao khdng gian[r]

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'T<?^ san sS'Oz/2010

Mot e a c h nhin

v i aCT HOAOH VA K l i s TRtC DO THI GIA NGHIA

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Dd thj Gia NghTa chie'n tranh chdng My tQng la tfnh ly cija tfnh Quang DQc (cu) Sau 1975, tfnh Quang DQc dupc sap nhap vao tfnh Dak Lak va Gia NghTa trd thi tran cua huyen Dak Ndng Nam 2004, sau tfnh D i k Ndng (lanh dia cua tfnh Quang DQc cu) dupe lap thi hPn mdt nam sau dd, Gia NghTa trd thj xa tfnh ly Trudc trd thi xa tfnh ly, ba muPi nam sau giai phdng, de'n Gia NghTa v i n chf la thj tran cua mpt huyen ngheo, eo sd tang ft di va thap kem Tuy nhien, chinh dieu lai la mdt Ipi the cho viec quy hoach cua dd thj Gia NghTa hien nay, vi nd khdng bi "vudng" nhieu bdi

quy hoach va he thdng cP sd tang trudc dd Trong dd, van de dau tien va quan trqng nhat ddi vdi mot dd thj la ve quy hoach, bdi quy hoach anh hudng to Idn va lau dai, cd tinh quye't dinh ddi vdi sU phat trien cua mdt dd thi

NhQng nam qua, qua trinh dd thj hoa thi xa Gia NghTa kha nhanh,tQng budc lam thay ddi bp mat vung da't hoang sP Tuy vay, sau qua trinh dd thj hoa, de'n Gia NghTa cung da bdc Id mdt sd van de bat cap ve quy hoach dd thj Cd the ndi, quy hoach dd thi Gia NghTa de'n v i n cdn la khau yeu, thie'u mdt eai nhin tdng the va chUa mang tam chie'n lupc Khu hanh chinh Sung £i\ic la mpt vi du tieu bieu cho Id'i quy hoach ndi tren Tai day, cac kien true cdng sd dupe xay dung nam sat tren cung mot khu vue, lam cho tdng the canh

quan trd nen chat chdi, bf bQc, khdng phu hpp vdi khdng gian va canh quan dd thi cua vung "phd nui" Dd thj Gia NghTa co mpt khdng gian tU nhien kha rdng vdi nhung ngpn ddi bat up ke tie'p cd the quy hoach khu sinh thai nhUng de'n v i n chQa cd mot khu

MUC nao dupc quy hoach khu

sinh thai theo dung nghTa cua nd Mpt nhung nguyen nhan cua thUe trang ndi tren la, dd thj Gia NghTa trUdc lap ehUa dupc chu trgng va quy hoach bai ban Sau lap tfnh, rdi lap thi xa Gia NghTa, chung ta ddng thdi vQa tie'n hanh quy hoach, dieu chfnh, bd sung quy hoach, vQa xay dung cP ban vdi quy md Idn Viec quy hoach dd thi Gia NghTa ndi tren da keo theo nhQng he luy ve nhieu mat, nha't la viec den bu giai toa va tinh trang tranh chap da't dai, gay su tdn 0=

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ni-af san se'OZ/zOlO

0 = k e m , lang phf khdng nho Vf nhu, viec dieu chfnh quy hoach hd Trung tam d khu vuc trung tam thj xa Gia NghTa hdp ly nhung cung lam cho den bu giai tda phQc tap va ton kem hon; viec dieu chfnh quy hoach khu trung tam hanh chinh thj xa Gia NghTa d khu vUc Ddi Dau cung gay sU phan

Qng tieu cUc cua mpt s d hp dan d day; khu du ljch mang tfnh chat canh quan sinh thai thac Lieng Nung d xa Oak Nia de'n v i n d i m chan tai chd Cd the ndi, mpt thdi gian dai trudc day, viec quy hoach dd thi chUa dupc chung ta coi trpng, quan tam dau tU dung mQc va bdc Id nhieu bat cap

Ve xay dUng, nhat la kie'n true, tQ chd khdng cd gi dang ke, nhQng nam qua, hang loat cdng trinh xay dUng, chu ye'u la cdng sd cua cac cd quan nha nude da mpc len, gdp phan lam cho dd thi Gia NghTa budc dau mang hinh hai cua mpt dd thj tfnh ly tren cao nguyen Qua trinh dd thj hoa tren dja ban dd thj Gia NghTa da xuat hien mdt so cdng trinh xay dQng cd kie'n true kha dep, nhu Bp Chf huy Quan sU tfnh, tru sd Tfnh uy, Trung tam hpi nghj, Thap truyen hinh Dak Ndng, Trung tam van hoa Dak Ndng, Sd Ndng nghiep Phat trien ndng thdn Mac dau chUa nhieu, nhUng nhQng cdng trinh kie'n true tieu bieu ndi tren chfnh la nhQng diem nhan, gdp phan tao nen bp mat cua dd thj Gia NghTa khu vuc dan cU, mQc dp

xay dung cdn cham chap nhung budc dau da cd mot s d ' c d n g trinh mang dang ve kie'n true cua thdi ddi mdi, thay the dan nhQng cdng trinh tam bP, hoac nhQng ngdi nha cd kieu kie'n true cu ky, thd kech trUdc dd Tuy nhien, nhin tdng the, nhQng kie'n true ndi tren - ke ca kien true edng sd va dan dung v i n chUa tao mpt phong each, xu hudng cua kien true Ca biet, ed mdt s d kie'n true chUa van dung hoa vdi dia hinh va ve dep canh quan, cang hiem nhQng kien true the hien rd net ban sac Tay Nguyen va cd ca kien true cau tha, lac Idng, vd hdn Cd mdt thuc te, ddng thdi cung la nguyen nhan cua tinh trang kie'n true theo Idi tU phat, cd phan Ion xdn cua dd thj Gia NghTa dd la, lau cdng sd cua cP quan nao thi cd quan ay tu chpn m i u thie't ke kie'n true theo each rieng cua minh Dac biet, kien true dan dung mang tinh tU phat va khdng the kiem soat ndi, mdi nha, mdi gia dinh khdng can tUvan thiet ke kie'n true ma tu lam kie'n true cho minh Ve quan ly nha nUdc, hien chung ta chQa cd mdt hdi ddng cd du tham quyen va kha nang chuyen mdn de tham mUu cho UBND tfnh viec tU van, tuyen chpn, xet duyet va quye't djnh m i u thie't ke kie'n true cac cdng trinh xay dUng Tinh trang kie'n true tu phat, thie'u tham my, quan ly khdng chat che thuc khdng chf rieng d Dak Ndng, ma la tinh

trang phd bie'n d cac dd thi nude ta Day cung chinh la mpt nhQng nguyen nhan lam cho dd thj Gia NghTa mac nhien xua't hien mdt s d kien true thie'u tham my, ehUa hai hoa v d i t d n g quan

De phat trien dd thj dam bao tinh khoa hpc va mang tfnh chie'n lupc, nhat thiet phai cd tu tudng ve quy hoach va kie'n true, neu khdng se mat phUPng hudng va d i n den tinh trang rdi loan Ddi vdi dd thi Gia NghTa, tU tudng ve quy hoaeh va kien true chfnh la phai hudng den tieu chi hien dai nhung cOng phan anh dupc ban sac van hoa cua dia phUPng Trudc het, dd thj Gia NghTa phai tdn trpng va dam bao sU hai hoa giQa cac " nguyen tac: Quy hoach - kie'n true thien nhien canh quan -dac trUng van hda dja phQOng Kie'n true dd thj vung ddi nui Tay Nguyen dUPng nhien phai cd net dac trUng, phai khac kie'n true vung ddng bang Trong dieu kien dia hinh Gia

NghTa cd nhieu ddi dd'c, khdng nen "dd thi hda" qua Idn, khdng nen tap trung vdi mat dp cao cac cdng trinh, khdng quy hoach xay dUng theo xu hudng "dd thi nen" ve chieu eao, nha't la ma dd thi Gia NghTa khdng gian tu nhien rdng, quy dat dai cdn kha ddi dao Rd rang la, dd thj nen ve chieu cao, eung nhU mat dp xay dung day va kieu kie'n true kieu nha dng la khdng phu hpp vdi dja hinh ddi ddc va canh quan mang net dac thu <y

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T<?^ san so'02/2010

0=cua vung "phd nui" Vi the, xay dUng, can hoan chfnh, dQt diem tQng dQ an, khdng dan trai, dd mdi cdng trinh phai het sQc chu trpng ve dep cua kie'n true, phai xem mdi cdng trinh kien true nhu la mdt tac pham nghe thuat Mud'n vay, chung ta phai bat dau tQ nhQng viee lam thie't thue va cu the, trUde het la tat cac cdng trinh trudc phe duyet xay dung can phai dupc mpt CO quan cd tham quyen va nang lUc chuyen mdn tham dinh ve kie'n true va cdng nang sQ dung Mat khac, chung ta can phai hpc tap, rut kinh nghiem ve quy hoach va kie'n true cua cac dd thj, nhat la cac dd thj d Tay Nguyen Trong qua trinh dd thi hoa dd thj Gia NghTa, nen thUc hien ddng bd co che chinh sach, quan ly phat trien va huy dpng sU tham gia cua cpng ddng Chfnh quyen can cd nhOng chfnh sach cu the, phu hpp vdi dieu kien dac thu cua dja phUdng, phai ddng vai trd la ngudi dieu phdi, khuye'n khfch va cd chfnh sach hd trp cho phan tU nhan tham gia xay dung, phat trien dd thi

Mpt dieu can lUu y nQa quy hoach va kie'n true xay dung, dd la phai het sQc coi trpng va van dung tdi da tfnh chat, dac diem dia hinh, sinh thai va canh quan tu nhien Dd thi Gia NghTa cd dien tich kha rdng, dja hinh nhieu ddi ddc, udn lUOn, nhieu cay xanh, nhieu hd nudc tu nhien va nhan tao, Idng

dd thj v i n tdn tai nhQng bon lang ddng bao thieu sd ban dja it nhieu cdn mang net truyen thdng Day chfnh la dieu kien tdt de hinh nhQng khdng gian sinh thai dac biet - mdt khdng gian xanh - khdng gian md rat can thie't cho xay dQng, phat trien dd thj Gia NghTa hien tai va tQPng lai De khai thac, van dung, thQa ke cac dac trQng tQ nhien ndi tren, cac nha lam quy hoach va xay dung nen tuan thu nguyen tac: han ehe tha'p nhat tinh trang san ui mat bang (nhat la ndi cd dien tfch rdng) de giQ lai dia hinh dac trUng, tu nhien cija "phd nui" Cac khu nha vUdn,, biet thu mdi phat trien ven trung tam dd thj can tan dung tdi da cac sudi, cac diem tu thuy tu nhien de tao mat nude nham glQ nUde, cai tao khf hau va lam dep canh quan Mpt dieu dang IQu y nQa la phai het sQc coi trpng viec bao tdn va phat trien cay xanh, nhat la nhQng loai cay dac trUng Tay Nguyen, han che tdi da viec chat cay nham tao khdng gian xanh va canh quan cho tQng cdng trinh, tQng dQdng phd Gia NghTa, thdng la mot loai cay dac trQng, vl vay nen trdng loai cay va mpt sd loai cay khac mang dac trUng cua Tay Nguyen cho phu hop vdi mdi trudng, canh quan va kien true dd thi vung "phd nui" Ndi tdm lai, chung ta nen xay dung Gia NghTa theo hUdng cua mdt dd thi sinh thai than thien, gan bd, hai hoa vdi tU nhien, mdi

trudng va ddi sdng ngUdi Thuc te cho thay, dieu kien tU nhien, dia hinh va canh quan cua Gia NghTa hoan toan cd the xay dung mpt dd thi sinh thai Day la dieu ma mpt dd thi ndi tie'ng ve quy hoach, kien true va canh quan nhU Da Lat cung khdng the cd dUpc Xin ndi them, dd thi sinh thai chfnh la xu hudng phat trien cija cac dd thj hien tren the gidi

Lam the nao de xay dung, phat trien Gia NghTa trd mpt dd thj hien dai ma v i n giQ dupe ban sac "phd nui" ciJa minh? Du lUa chpn xay dQng, phat trien dd thj Gia NghTa theo hudng nao di chang niJa thi cung phai ludn hudng de'n cac gia trj tUPng thich, phu hdp vdi dac thu dja ly, nhan van va ljch sQ, van hda cua vung da't Dak Ndng giau ban sac Khau hieu "Gia NghTa trd mot Da Lat thQ hai" khdng cd nghTa la bie'n Gia NghTa mot phien ban cua Da Lat tuong lai, ma phai rut kinh nghiem, tie'p thu nhQng diem phu hpp ve quy hoach va kie'n true cua cac dd thi Tay nguyen va nhQng ndi khac de lam dep cho minh Qua trinh dd thj hda, cdng nghiep hda se tao cac phd gidng nhau, nhung dd thi Gia NghTa qua trinh phat trien can phai dupc quy hoach mpt each bai ban, khoa hpc va phai tao dung cho minh hinh anh kien true cd net rieng, de dang nhan bie't cho bat cQ dat chan den day./

Viet Ha