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Sd kdt hpp kha ndng cdng tac, dp dinh bdm dddc cai thidn vcfri tang cddng bao dddng cho phep sd dung vCra polyme bidn tinh trong mdt sd ITnh vac dng dung dae bidt quan trpng ma eae l[r]
(1)DIEN DAN KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
^CAC LOAI VU'A POLYME
B I E N T I N H D U N G
OE SUTA CHUTA B E
MAT BE T O N G
D I N H BA LO
Cdng tae sda chtra bd mat cac cdng trinh be tdnp thddng cdn nhidu loai polyme de bidn ddi tinh chdt cua xi mang va be tdng Viec thay ddi cdc tinh chat ciia xi mdng bciri cdc polyme tao nhidu tinh chdt quan trpng, ed the phii hcpp vcfri nhidu dang img dung khdc Oe tao nhung tinh ndng theo y mudn ddi vcpi bdt ky dng dung nao, thi cdn phai nam dddc nhung nguydn ly ed ban rang tai cac polyme lai ed the bidn ddi ddpc nhdng tinh chdt ciia xi mang
Trdde hdt cdn hieu rdng cac polyme ddpc sd dung vcfri muc dich ddu tien la Idm thay ddi cac tinh chdt eiia vda (xi mdng pooclang + nadc + cdt lieu cat), md khdng phai ciia be tdng (vira + cdt lieu Idn nhd da dam, soi cudi), la cd lien quan ddn ehi phi Trd trddng hcpp be tdng polyme bidn tinh dung sda chda mat cau vd sda chda dadng, eon hdu hdt xi mdng polyme bidn tinh dddc sd dung cho mdt Icpp vda cd dp ddy khoang - inch (2,5 - 5,0 em) Tuy nhien van phai ndm dddc nguydn ly sau
Cac polyme cai thien ti'nh chit cua vCPa theo each sau day:
1 Bao dddng xi mang tich cdc hcpn Cddng dp bd tdng xi mang phu thudc vdo bao dddng hodn hao, phan img hod hpc (thuy hod) gida xi mang va nddc khidn cho cac tinh the phat trien va bao quanh cac phdn ciia hdn hcpp be tdng Trong giai doan ddu bao dddng (khoang - ngdy ddu), phai ed dii nddc de tri qua trinh thuy hod hay de' cho xi mdng/be tdng se khdng rdn chdc hodn todn
Cac polyme lam giam tdc dp bay hoi nddc, cho phep cau true tinh the tri phdt trien vd tao eddng dp qua trinh bao dddng sdm ban ddu Lam giam bay hoi nadc dae bidt quan trpng ddi vcfri cac Idp mong, d dd dien tich bd mat bay hdi Idn so vcpi the tich eiia vda
2 Lam tang kha ndng cong tae ciia hdn hop Bien tinh bang polyme cai thien dang ke cac tinh ndng sd dung, khien cho vCra chay hdn vd de dang thi cdng hdn Mdt Iddng polyme nhdt dinh tdn tai sudt qua trinh thuy hoa, cd the keo ddi thdi gian thi cong, dd Id ddc tinh quan trpng thdi tidt ndng Didu ndy cd nghia la cde nhd thau cd the sd dung it nadc hdn de cd dddc tinh cdng tac eiia hdn hcpp be tdng theo y mudn Polyme cd tac dung nhd mdt chat giam
nddc, khidn cho vda cd cddng dp cao hon, it Id rdng va it khuydt tdt hdn
3 Op dinh bam ddpc cai thien Polyme bien tinh ed tae dung lam tdng dp dinh bam eiia vda vcfri cdc be mat khac nha bd tdng, khdi xdy, gaeh, gd, polystyrene cimg vd polyurethan bpt, thuy tinh va cac kim loai Dinh bam Id tinh chat quan trpng, dac bidt ddi vcDi cdc Idp vda mdng nha vda phun, vda stucco trat bit vd ode Icpp vda lot, cac bd mat chiu rung va chiu cac phaong tien giao thdng nang
4 Tdng cddng dp va dp ben vdng Cac vda polyme bidn tinh ndi chung tdng cddng dp chiu keo vd udn, tang dp bdn chdng va dap vd chdng mdi mdn, tang kha ndng chiu nddc, tang dp bdn hod hpc hdn so vcfri cdc loai vda khdng bidn tinh Odng thdi, vda han chd dddc sd phat sinh ndt vi md, khidn cho cai thien dddc dp cimg eiia vda ndi chung
NhL?ng ling dijng:
Sd kdt hpp kha ndng cdng tac, dp dinh bdm dddc cai thidn vcfri tang cddng bao dddng cho phep sd dung vCra polyme bidn tinh mdt sd ITnh vac dng dung dae bidt quan trpng ma eae loai vda khac khdng the thdc hien dddc
Mpt nhung ITnh vde img dung quan trpng nhat la sd dung cho Icpp vda mong, day khdng qua - inch Tdt ca nhdng dng dung deu ddi hoi cde tinh chdt hoa/ed eiia vat lieu phai dap img
- Chat gdn kdt va vda: Cac vien dp tadng
(2)C A C LOAI VU'A POLYME
va lat sdn bdng gdm (ceramic), da marble va cac loai da khac Op dinh bam, dp chiu nadc/hoa chdt, cadng dp udn phai dam bao la nhdng img dung phd bidn nhdt ddi vdi cac loai vOra polyme bidn tinh - Cdc loai vda sda chda va ddp va: Cac loai vaa diing de sda chda nirt vd bong rdp cac kdt cdu bd tdng nhd via he, dddng d td va tadng Dp dinh bdm, kha nang chdng mdi mdn, cadng dp keo va udn Id cac chi tieu quan trpng Vda mcfri se khdng lien ket tdt vcfri bd tdng cu ndu khdng dapc bidn tinh bdi polyme
- Cac Icpp phii trang tri: Cac Icpp phu tddng vd hoan thidn nhd (vda stucco polyme bidn tinh) Op dinh bam, cadng dp keo va udn, dp ben vung ben ngoai la cdc chi tieu quan trpng
- San va mat dadng: Cd the s d dung vda vd bd tdng cho phii sdn nhd cdng nghidp/thaong mai nha cdc nhd kho, cde xodng, benh vidn, edu thang, gara, san dadng sdt, dadng bdng Kha ndng dinh bdm, cddng dp keo va udn, dp chiu nadc, chiu hoa chat vd dp bdn vdng ben ngoai la eae ehi tieu quan trpng
- Chdng thdm nadc: Cde kdt cdu nha tdng tret, be chda nadc, be chda hod chdt, sdn tdu, mai nhd, tddng be tdng Op chju nadc
ddi vdi tat ca; dp chju hoa chdt va cac tinh chat khac ddu phu thupe vao ITnh vdc s d dung
T h d chdng thdm cua cac midng va bdng vda polyme bidn tinh va khdng bidn tinh Vda phai dddc midt chat vao ndn cu Op dinh bam la tinh chat quan trpng ciia vira Idp trat vd trdn be tdng Ndu khdng cd polyme bidn tinh vda se bj bong nhanh chdng vd v d ra nhd manh khoai tay Ldu y rdng, cdn tranh de thda vira, vi rdt khd dpn sach
Cac loai polyme:
Cd nhieu loai polyme ed the s d dung cho vda, gdm cde polyme latex (nhda, mii); polyme khd tdi chd, polyme tan nadc, vd nhieu loai khde Didu quan trpng la cac nhd thdu phai tudn theo cac dieu kien sau ddy:
1 Chpn loai vda dimg cdn cho cdng vide ciia ban
Nhan mac ehi vda phiJ hcpp s d dung d hay ngodi nha (kha nang chdng tia cde tim UV), dp chdng thdm (chiu nadc), cdc vidn gdm (dp dinh bam, chiu node) Phdn Idn cac nhan hieu se khdng ehi rd ddnh cho ngoai nha cdn bien tinh 100% bang polyme acrylic, nhung nhdn hieu phai chi ro vOra dd ed thich hop s d dung ben ngodi hay khdng/hay bdn chiu anh ndng mat trdi
Tdong td, phdn Icm eae nhan hieu se khdng chi ro rdng vda chdng thdm dddc bien tinh bciri polyme styrene-acrylie, nhdng nhan hieu can ehi ro nd cd the sd dung lam vda chdng thdm hay khdng,
2 Laa chpn loai polyme long hay khd Id phu thudc vdo nhu cau ciia ban Cde polyme long thadng chda eae binh ed hadng ddn each pha chd lidu Idpng bao nhidu vao hdn hcpp vOra khd chda cat, xi mang va cac phdn khde Trong hddng ddn cung ndu each tranh anh hddng eua nhiet dp ddng bang tcfri dp ddng nhat ciia polyme Cde polyme khd thadng dapc cho vdo vda khd trdde, bdi vdy nha thau chi can cho thdm nadc vao bao dong vira khd s d dung
3 Theo cac hacfmg dan trdn nhan mac:
Nhidu nha thdu thadng lam Idy nhanh s d dung qud it polyme ddng binh hay dung san pham khdng dddc chi dinh thidt kd Oe ed dapc tinh nang can thiet ddi vcfri hdu hdt cde ITnh vac, thi ladng polyme thddng phai chidm tcpi - 5% tdng sd chdt rdn (10 - 15% so vdi khdi ladng xi mang).a
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