Ngudi khdi xudng vd chii sy xay dung dinh Hodnh San Id ong Dang Thac thugc gia dinh dong doi the tgc, c6 uy quyIn trong viing, timg thi dau Huong cong trilu Le Cdnh Hung (1740-1746[r]
(1)xu NGHE - OAT VA NGirOI
LE HOI
^f A/i/ «/0/l^i/ $0A/
Dao Tam Tinh
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^ng Hoinh San c6 ti> <3di L^/, thudc t r a i Nam Hoa, l^ N h | t Quang l|p duac phii ea sdng Lam bdi dip cHy c6\ tSt t u c l , dUn ddnq, \^nq mac trCi phij, l i d ^ t v^n v | t cCia Ngh^ An Thdi L5, ling cd t^n l i Hoii i,i^u, dSn thdi Lg Trung Hung, d6\ gpi l i Hoinh Son v i giiJ nguy(gn t^n dd dSn ngiy Lijc diu ling Hoinh Son thudc tSnq Nam Hoa, thufic huy^n Chi La, r(^i thu^c huy^n Ddc Quang, thudc huy^n Thanh Chuong €?^n nim Duy Tin (1910), ling Hoinh Son nJim tSnq Ham Kim, huy^n NamDan cho tdi Cach mang t h i n g Tim 1945 Sau Cich mang t h i n g Tim 1945, ling thudc xa
Khinh T i n dSn n i m 1954 thi thu^c x i Nam Hoinh Nim 1969 xa Nam Hoinh nhip vdi xa Nam Ddng t h i n h xa Khinh San v i ling thudc x i n i y cho dSn nc^ay
1 Kien true va giai thoai Dinh Hodnh Son dugc khdi cong xay dyng vdo thdng chgp nam Nham Ngg, nien hifu Cdnh «ung 23 (1763) vd hodn thdnh vdo cuoi nam 1764 Ngudi khdi xudng vd chii sy xay dung dinh Hodnh San Id ong Dang Thac thugc gia dinh dong doi the tgc, c6 uy quyIn viing, timg thi dau Huong cong trilu Le Cdnh Hung (1740-1746), Idm quan Tri huyfn Ky Son vd kiem chiic Thong gidm, qudn cdc todn quan d phu Trdn Ninh Ong dugc phong tudc Qudng NghTa bd, nghi huu vl que vd dugc dan ggi Id quan Thong gidm hau Gap nam dugc miia, ddi song nhan dan sung tiic, cdc tang Idp sT, nong, cong, thuomg Idng
diu 1dm an phdt dgt, ong da van dgng nhan dan quyen gdp de xay dung dinh Idng Ong cung ty bo nhieu tiln cua vd hiln mdnh vudn df p
Dinh Hodnh Son dugc dyng tren khu ddt bdng phing, hudng v l phia Bac, nhin dong song Lam
Dinh Hoanh Svn
xanh mat, xung quanh Id dan cu dong diic, dong rugng tuoi tit, sau lung c6 mii Ngang thugc day Thien Nhin lam ch6 dya vihig chac Id vj tri tot theo thuat "phong thuy" Nhin tong thi, dinh co san, bdi dudng, hau cung, c6 kiln tnic hinh chuli
(2)xu NGHE - OAT VA NGUOI
vl, phia xay tudng Dinh gom gian, hoi: gian chinh gi&a tro cua cdnh, gian td, hiiu tro cua phy cdnh, d phia sau c6 ciia so hoa van hinh chii nhgt; dau hoi c6 tro ciia so hinh m^t nguyft d phia trudc vd ciia so xuyen hoa hinh chii nhgt d phia sau Dinh dugc dyng bang go lim quy, gom vi, gian (trong d6 c6 gian hoi van) Kit cau vi keo theo kieu
"Gid chieng chong ddu" Hf thong cgt gom: 32 cgt go lim tr6n, d6 c6: 12 cgt cdi, cao
5m, O 450; 20 cOt quan cao 4m , 420 Hf thing dudng hodnh xd gom: 26 dudng hodnh rdi diu tren mdi c6 O 180-200; 42 dudng xa vd dudng hg Cdch kit cau ciia dinh ddc bift vQ^ng chac, c6 kha nang ching dugc gi6 bao to vd lu lyt Idn
Ngi that dinh dugc bo tri nhieu biic chgm khac nghf thugt tinh tl, dfp vl cdc diln tich vd cdnh sinh hogt ddi song dan gian Hai xd ndch hai ben cua vdo chinh c6 chgm cau chii Han nam trang trgng tren hinh tugng doi Id de, moi cau 5 chii: ben td "Ngu phuang kiem ngii phuc" (5 phudng CO cd phiic: phii, quy, thg, khang, ninh); ben hChi "Tirgidp dien tuduy" (4 gidp virng giO" gilng: le, nghTa, Hem, sy) vdi y nghTa Idng Hodnh Son vdi phudng, gidp diu giir dugc phong hod, dgo ly tot df p, vdi sy gidu co, sang trgng, tuli thg, thong thd, yen on Cdc phu dieu chgm khac
ludng long trilu nguyft, cd hod rong, ring mf rong quan quyt Phia trong, chinh gifta bdi dudng Id bdn thd Thdnh Hodng Idng Khdm thd dugc bo tri d sdt mdi, gid tren tgo sy t6n nghiem thodng dang Cdc ke, nghi, dau, con, bay deu c6 chgm tri trang tri ring, phugng moi mgt tu thi, mgt net m^t (mimg, gign) khdc Cdc vdn Id gio thudng chgm de tdi diln tich, nhu: Thdnh Thang d6n Y Doan, Hdn sii mdi tiir hgc Rat nhieu mdnh chgm hogt cdnh dan gian nhu: vinh quy, yit bdng, dau vd, cheo thuyen Phia tren dudng hodnh d& lay mdi hoi ben phdi c6n trang tri nhihig hoat cdnh vl nong dan, ngu dan (ngu tilu canh myc), nhu: nho mg, di cay, gdnh mg, cdy, bira, bdt cd, cat v6, ngudi gdnh hdng di chg, tre chan trau ngoi Choi
Theo truyin thuyet, dinh Hodnh Son than thdnh Idm chii bdn tay ngudi khong thi Idm noi: "Vdo mgt ndm cdch ddy da rat lau, nude song Lam ddng to, dan lang Hodnh San phdi chgy len ndi Ngang de trdnh lut GOta mQt dim trai mua
D6 tuang n h a , ghi a n
cdc vi thdn linh, quan vi^n CO cdng vdi ddn vdi nude, cd cdng l a p Idng, dung d i n h , hdng ndm nhdn ddn Idng Hadnh San td chuc Id hdi Ki phuc vda thdng 6 dm lich d dinh
nhu trut, sdm ch&p dm dm, nguai ta thay ngon ngang nhirng cdy go ba bon ngirdi dm khdng xue tit tren rimg trdi ve, dgt dong vdo bai trudc Idng
Tiep dd mQt cdi thuyen rong xuat hi^n, tren thuyen cd nguai ddn ong khoe mgnh siic Idi thuyin vdo mgt khodng ddt rgng, cao rdo nhdt trong Idng HQ dimg thuyen vd nude rut Chin ngudi den ben dong go sue cua, due, dSo Sau ndm, hg lam thdnh mgt cdi dinh SQ vd duQC chgm trd trang tri rat cdng phu Nhung it nguai, cgt to, hg khdng dung
len duQc Trai Igi mua gid, nuac sdng Lam Igi ddng to, lam lut cd mdnh ddt dy Vd nude ddng t&i ddu, edt dinh dugc ndng len tdi Dinh dyng xong, nude sdng Lam Igi rut xuong Rdi ngudi thgr cung bien mat, de Igi eho Idng Hodnh San mgt ngoi dinh to lan chua timg thay Ddn long dodn Id NgQC hodng da cho nguai thg mgc cua nhd gidi xuong hg gidi de lam cho long Hodnh San mgt Idng md ddn thuan cdnh d?p, cd nhieu ngudi dgt - mgt ngoi dinh " ^'^
Thyc ra, dinh Hodnh San top thg mgc ciia Idng Hodnh San vd Trung Can Idm vd da de Igi mgt so khdc bift vl chi tiet chgm khac, nhu: hinh phugng nhung dau thi chgm phugng don, ddu thi chgm phugng rgm; hinh long nhung dau thi long an, dau thi long trilu nguyft; dudng thugng 6c gian hai ben c6 khac chii Han nhu nhau, md ben thi trd dau vdo trong, ben thi trd dau ngodi
Ngodi c6n c6 giai thogi dyng dinh: "Sau hai nhdm thgr da Idm xong hai nira dinh, cgt keo, hodnh du&ng xd deu to l&n ngng ne, Igi sai chgm ti mi, cdng phu nen lap rap dyng len ddi hdi phdi ed kp thugt vd chi huy lanh nghi Thdy thg
ddi tien cdng dyng qud cao, Hdu Thdng gidm nguai xuat tien Idm dinh, sau nghe ngdng y kien bdn bgc cua nhiiu ngu&i, ben cho thg ve tgm nghi, ndi Id de ong cdn chgy tien, rdi tgp trung tdt ed ram rg Igi, cho b^n nhieu ddy thimg lam edu, edu len den ddu thi dung ram rg ke dgn den Cuoi eitng nh& vdo cong sice cua tgp the, ong da dyng vd Idp xong dinh, Idm cho ed hai nhdm thg khi trd Igi het site ngge nhien "
Vdi gid trj kiln true, nghf thugt dOc ddo, ngdy 20/7/1979, Bg Van hod Thong tin da ddc cdch cong nhgn dinh Hodng San Id "Di tich Lfch sir kien true ngh$ thugt", Id di tich dugc xep hgng
(3)XIJ NGHl - O A T V A NGirOI
quIc gia sdm nhat d Nghf TTnh
2 Cdc vi Than vd Tien hien diryc thd ciing d dinh Hodnh Son
-^Uy Minh Vuang Ly Nhgt Quang (thi ki XI): Ong Id thii ciia vua Ly Thai To, c6 c6ng danh Chiem Thdnh, dugc cu Idm Tri chau Nghf An ndm 1041, ong c6 cong chieu tgp dan, lgp nhilu lang d hai ben bd song Lam, suit tir Idng Hodnh Son (Nam Ddn) cho den Idng Td Ao (Nghi Xuan Hd TTnh) Ong cQng Id ngudi dau tien dua dan Chiem Thdnh (phan Idn Id tu binh) vl lgp cdc lang mdi d ting Nam Kim Trilu dinh phong ong Id Uy Minh Vuang, nhung dan chiing t6n ong Id Thanh Hodng Tam tod Xii Nghf c6 hon 100 nai thd ong, d6 c6 Idng Hodnh Son thd ong Id Thanh Hodng - Phuc thdn ciia Idng
- Tdr vi Thdnh nuomg Id bin mf Hodng hgu nhd Ting (Trung Quoc) tren dudng trin chgy khoi sy truy dull cua gi$c Nguyen theo dudng biln, bj bao ddnh Igt thuyin chit duli, troi dgt vdo Ciia Cdn (Quynh Phuang Quynh Luu) Tuang truyen Vua Tran Anh Tong di ddnh Chiem Thanh, qua den thd Tii vj Ciia Cdn, dem nam mong thay Tii vj phu trg Thang tran trd ve, vua phong cho than Id Thugng dang Quoc Mau vuang vd Tir vj Thdnh nuomg Tir vj trd thdnh cdc vj thdn canh giu bien cd, song nude, bdo vf dan Idnh, nen dugc nhieu noi d nude ta lap den thd Ldng Hodnh Son d ke song Lam, luon luon bj lii lyt de dog, nen dan Idng da thd Tii vj de dugc phii trg yen In vl mat song nude
- Quan Hau Thong gidm: Ong Dang Thgc (nhu da kl tren) c6 cong Idn khdi xudng vd g6p nhieu tiln ciia dk dyng dinh Nhan dan biet cm ong nen ton Idm Phiic than, dugc thd d dinh Idng, ggi Id Hau thdn
Hifn nay, dinh thd tugng Phat Thich Ca, dugc dua v l tir chiia Nam Som (vi chua bj hu hgi)
Dinh thd cdc vj khoa bdng c6 tilng ciia Idng nhu Thdm hoa Nguyin Diic Dgt, Hodng gidp Nguyin Diic Quy C6 thi coi Id cdc vi Tien hiln cua ldng
+ Nguyin Dire Dgt (]823-1887): Ty Quat Nhu, hifu Nam Som, Khd Am, dgu Thdm hoa (1853), 1dm quan: Doc hgc Nghf An, Bo chdnh Thanh Hod, Tuan vu Hung Yen Sy nghifp nli bat cua ong Id md trudng dgy hgc d tren niii Nam Son, ddo tgo dugc hdng tram vj khoa bdng thdnh danh Ong de Igi nhilu tdc pham noi tilng nhu: Nam San timg thogi, Nam San song khod, Khd Am vdn tgp Ong ciing vdi Nguyin Dire
Quy chieu tgp nghTa binh ddng d dinh Hodnh Son, chong Phdp
+ Nguyin Dire Quy (1849-1880): 36 tuoi dgu Hgi nguyen, Dinh nguyen df nhj gidp (Hodng gidp) khoa Gidp Than - Kiln Phuc I (1884), Idm quan Bien tu sii qudn Khi Kinh d6 thit thii (thdng 7/1885), ong vl Idng chieu tgp nghTa quan Can vuang vd dugc vua Hdm Nghi phong lam Tan Tuomg qudn vy Ong ve que huy dgng luang thyc, bj Phdp ban chet cung trai ngdy 17/4/1887 Nhu vgy, dinh Hodnh Son c6n la noi chieu tgp nghTa quan ciia phong trdo Can Vuang chong Phdp
3 Le hgi dinh Hodnh Son
De tudng nhd, ghi an cdc vj than linh, quan vien c6 c6ng vdi dan vdi nude, c6 cong Igp ldng, dyng dinh, hdng nam nhan dan ldng Hodnh San t l chiic ll hgi ki phiic vdo thdng am Ijch d dinh Le hgi rude tat cd cdc Than Idng ve hgi done d dinh de Idm tl le Ong Nguyin Diic Tdnh ndi ve le ndy nhu sau: "Dinh Hodnh San Id chd hgi dong Te Tam tod, Tir vf vd vf Thdn ldng Thu&ng ndm t&i ki thdng sdu thi cd mgt Idn dgi le, le dy ggi la le te "Ki phuc "md cung cd ggi Id "Luc nguy4t" la vi te nhdm vdo thdng 6"''
*Phdnli
- Le tinh sinh: Dat trau bo xem xet, roi d l mgt chen rugu tudi dau trau, bg ggi Id tinh sinh Tinh sinh rli mdi dugc gilt thjt
Le rude vdn: Dan ldng dem Long dinh, cd qugt, tdi tii dong van, mgt vj chiic sac mac thyng den nhd vien td van md rude bdi van te ve dinh Ngudi td van cQng mu chinh te theo sau Long dinh Vj Chu tl, thudng Id ngudi c6 chirc tudc, ngoi thii nhat ldng, mac sic phyc, chd sin d san dinh nghenh tilp bdn van rude vdo an trj ngi huong dn roi mdi te Giiip vifc cho Chu tl la hoac bo lao Id cdc vj Dong xudng, Tay xudng; ngudi ddnh chieng, vd ddn nhgc bdt am Cdc vj dy tl deu phdi mac le phyc chinh tl, dung sap hdng hai ben Chii tl Ll te Idn lugt tach ra timg phan: Li cii sodt tl vat (kilm tra tl xem thieu gi khong) Chii tl kiem tra vdo tan nfi difn; Li thugmg huang (bo huomg tram vdo lu) vd dgt len huomg dn; Li ddng rugru; Li dgc chuc (dgc bdi van tl) Trong van t l kl nien hifu, ngdy, thdng, tinh, phii, huyfn, xa, roi lift ke ten cdc Tien thii chi, chiic sic, ky myc vd cdc lao hgng xa Kinh dang ll vat cdo vdi chii than, chu vj Lan lugt cdo vdi Tam tod, Thdnh Hodng Idng, rli Tii vj Thdnh nuomg, rli Hau Thong gidm, Phgt Thich ca, cdc Tien hiln Idng Cdc lan le te deu
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trong hifu Ifnh Dong xudng, Tay xudng vd tilng nha nhgc, trong, chieng Sau dgc xong Chiic van, Te chii Igy Igy roi lui chilu ngodi Dang tilp tuan rugu nfl-a thi din Lc huang IQC Khi chen rugu, khay trau dugc dang tu ngi difn ra, nghe xudng Nghi dm phuc vj thi Chii te bude len chieu thu nhi, quy xuong ddn lay chen rugu, nghe xudng Am phuc thi vdi I vdi vd uong hit hai; nghe xudng Thu IQ thi Chii te cam khay trau ciing vai roi an iniing (nghTa la Than ban phiic lgc cho thi phdi uong ngay, an de t6 I6ng kinh trgng than) Dogn le lc, lui chieu ngodi Tieng xudng tg le cac ciing bdi, thi T I chii vd Boi te cung Igy tg Igy Xudng phdn chiic thi ngudi dgc chiic dem ban van dot di Den xudng le tat Id vifc te xong hit Dan lang theo thii ty vao le, cung c6 ddnh trong, ggi la lc, le xong dau day, thi dem hg co cung an uong vui v6
* Phdn hgi a Le hgi dinh Hodnh Son gom hdt tro vd choi tro dan gian nhu: danh cd ngudi, dua thuyen, du ngoc, du tien, cau kieu Phan hgi k6o ddi tir 3-5 ngdy
Chai cd ngu&i: Dung 16 chang trai va 16 thieu nir lam quan cd, nam mgt ben, dau cuon mdnh vdi lya mdu d6, nu" mgt ben, dau cuon vdi xanh, c6 thi dung nir cd, chia hai ben khdc mdu quan Ngudi choi, cam cd d6, muon di quan ndo thi phat cd trudc mat quan d6 Liic ndy, ngudi choi phdi binh tTnh, c6 bdn ITnh vi tieng inh tai giyc di, de bj liing tiing nham nude cd Phan thudng cho ngudi thang cugc vdo chung kit bang hifn vat ciia le hgi, nhu cdi 6, cdi do, doi dep
Hgi dua thuyin: Moi Ian bai c6 thuyen, mgt thuyen 12 nam vd mgt thuyin 12 nu Moi thuyin I ong trudng dimg d mui lam hifu bang tay Mdi cheo cat len, hg xuong nhjp nhdng nhirng tilng "khoan, hd khoan " vd phe phdi co ganh dua nhau, dl gidnh lay gidi
Du ngdc: Gom mgt cay go chon sau xuong dat, mgt dau c6 mau (ggi Id trim) noi len mdt dat dg 1,7m vd mgt tam go rgng dg gang tay khodng 4m, giira c6 16 dgt vdo mau Hai ngudi ngoi tren nhu cuSfi ngya d hai dau g6, diing chan dgp cho he mgt dau hg xuong hin sdt mdt dat, thi dau ngdc len cao, dong thdi quay vong quanh cgt tryc Choi du ng6c doi hdi phdi can ddm vd c6 nghf thugt, nen chi ddnh cho nam gidi Ngudi xem doi hdo
Chu thich:
(1) D/ tich lich sit vdn hod Vi$t Nam, Ngo Diic Thg chii (2) Cdc nai c6 tich ddt Ngh? Tinh, Nguyin Diic Tinh tich lye", Lim trCt tai Thu vifn Nghf An)
hiing tim cdch b6 tien d phgm vi quay vdng dl cho ngudi ngoi du tranh tim cdch nhdt
Du tien (c6 ngudi cdn ggi Id du quay): Ld tr6 choi dgc ddo chi ddnh rieng cho nCi gidi Du gom cgt g6 to, cao chic c6 tryc bic ngang Tryc ndy gin vdi sdu c§p cdnh noi vdi c§p vdnh bing bdnh xe Idn hlnh lyc Idng Mic vdo dau cdnh Id sdu cai du ngin vira dii ch6 ngoi cho nQ- Khi bdnh xe chuyin dgng, ngudi van ngoi nguven mgt chieu, chi can din lugt minh, dgp chan xuong dat hich cho du quay theo chieu ngugc vdi kim dong hi Sdu nii mdc quan hOi le, du rat df p, liic len, liic xuong, trdng nhu nhChig ndng tien
edu kieu: Gom mgt cay tre ddi dg 15m, ding goc ngc vdo bd, ding nggn chia thing tren mjt nude, d d6 c6 cim cd hifu vd cgc hinh chu' X de gio- nggn Igi khdng cho chim qud sdu c6 ngudi bude Ngudi dy, ddng kho df p, di tir phan goc bd cho din cho cim cay cd hifu, nho dugc Id cd Hg ggi trd chai ndy Id trd chai di cau ran moi Gidi thudng chi dam ba quan tiln, nhung tr6 chai rat hap dan Ngudi choi giong nhu ngudi Idm xiec, vi phdi di tren cdy tre tran, rat de rai chim xuing nude
Vdo djp tu sua xong dinh nam 1927, le hgi Idn ciia dinh Hodnh Som da dugc to chiic vdo thdng dm Ijch, c6 cd quan Tay vl dy xem Bdi ve sira dinh nam Dinh Mao da mo td quy m6 vd sy hap dan cua le hgi dinh Hodnh Son nhu sau:
" Bciy hcmg cd vu xdn xao
Trong dinh trd hdt, ngodi rdo (sdng) vgn bai Giua sdn bay ddnh e& ngu&i
Nai thai du ngoc, nai th&i du tien Nai th&i kit ddi can (cdy) den
Nai th&i vay hdt Truang Viin, trd Kiiu Xem vui ve tram diiu
Ty ngdy hdm mot den chiiu hdm lam
Le hgi dinh Hodnh Som thu hiit hdng ngan ngudi din dy Hgi c6 nhilu tro chai hap din, vui ve giiip cho ngudi dan quen di nli mft nhgc lao dgng vd Idm tang them tinh cdm gin bo vdi que huomg, dodn kit than di mgi ngudi Idng xd, chung siic xay dymg cugc song am no, hgnh phiic Day Id mgt le hgi ddn gian co tinh to chuc cao, quy mo Idn vd mang dgm bdn sic van hod dan tgc d dja phuang, can dugc nghien ciru vd khoi phyc./
bign-1990
Tgp chf Nam Phong, s6 137, 129 (in "Nghf An c6