Hpa hinh ky thuat khdng gian tdng the cdng trinh dupc thuc hien trudc khi hoac sau khi hoac ddng thdi vdi cac ban ve theo cac hudng don le hoac cac mat cat bd trp, khdng chi la viec t[r]
(1)DIJN BAN KHOA HOC C N C N G H | HOA HINH KY THUAT CONG TRINH
THEO H I N H K H O N G GIAN
1.00 HOA CONG TRINH TRONG MAT PHANG 20
Hpa hinh ky thuat qua trinh thilt k l tdng the cdng trinh theo khdng gian c h i l u hay cdn gpi la khdng gian 3D (three dimensions), la bien phap hien dai vdi nhilu uu viet ndi trdi Thdi quen thilt k l cdng trinh khdng gian phIng 2D (two dimensions) da mang tinh truyin thing n g h l nghiep tai Viet Nam tU nhieu nam hau het cac nganh xay dung Chi rieng nganh xay dung dan dung cd them ban ve k i l n true theo khdng gian 3D, song theo kieu hpi hpa k i l n true chiif chua phai 3D ky thuat hpa hinh
Mac du da dat dupc nhung qua vd cung to ldn, song thilt k l theo phong each mat phang 2D v i n doi hoi su mudng tupng hinh dang va my quan cdng trinh thilt k l tuong d l i khd khan, phai rat v l t va t i n nhilu cdng sijic dpc ban ve thilt k l cua ngudi khac, va d l mac phai nhiing nham lan sai xdt dang tile Nhieu cdng trinh Idn phdc tap cd phai t i l n hanh nghien cifu ban ve k^ thuat da dupc phe duyet nhilu thang trdi rdng trudc thi cdng Mpt sd cdng trinh thiiy dien da phai giao cho giam ddc cdng trudng nghien cUu hd sd ban ve dd an thilt k l va ban ve thi cdng trudc mpt nam trdi da dang dpn mat bang thi cdng va dao hd mdng cdng trinh R i t tdn cdng va khd nhpc qua trinh thilt k l va thi cdng x^y dung cdng trinh
II DO HOA CONG TRiNH TRONG KHONG GIAN 3D
Hpa hinh ky thuat khdng gian tdng the cdng trinh dupc thuc hien trudc hoac sau hoac ddng thdi vdi cac ban ve theo cac hudng don le hoac cac mat cat bd trp, khdng chi la viec tao dung hinh dang tuong quan true giac de quan sat ma cdn bd sung va chinh sira hoan thien nhieu chi tilt k i t c l u bao dam ky thuat va my quan cdng trinh de dang hon, cu the hon, h i p dan hon Trong thiet ke nen thilt k l ban ve khdng gian sau thiet ke mat b i n g xay dung cdng trinh va trudc hpa hinh cac hudng don le khac la hpp ly nhat qui trinh thilt k l can ban
Da sd nhung ngudi thilt k l cdng trinh, may mdc d i u da dupc trang bj ky thuat hpa hinh 3D chuong trinh dao tao, n h i t la khu vuc phfa B i c Tuy nhien viec ap dung thuc t l thi cdn r i t han huu, h l u nhu khong sir dung thilt k l ma chi quen dung,^2D phlng Trong ky thuat nen diing bien phap hpa hfnh ky thuat, vl dd la mpt nhung ky thuat can ban ciia chuang trinh dao tao hpa hinh ky thuat hay hinh hpc hpa hinh Rieng cdng trinh kiln triic thi v i n diing bien phap hpi hpa k i l n true va md hinh khdng gian 3D trong thilt k l va qui hoach xay dung cac cdng trinh dan dung, vl nd the hien dupc them cac chi tiet mau sac va vat lieu xay dung, npi
D O A N D J N H T H O A T r u n g t a m G r o u p f o r m
t h i t d u ky hon Hpa hinh cdng trinh khdng gian 3D theo phep ddng qui vd cue hoac theo phep tieu cutruc quan hpi hpa ma phong each hpi hpa kiln true hoac hpi hpa nghe thuat da sir dung theo yeu c l u cua ehii d i u t u hoac ngudi t h i l t k l hoac cac m l u phe duyet cdng trinh theo qui djnh chung Trong tudng lai hpa hinh k i l n true cd the k i t hpp vdi hpa hinh ky thuat n l u t h i y can thiet
Thuc cac cdng trinh cd ket d u khdng phifc tap va yeu c l u my quan vUa phai thi viec bd qua khong diing ban ve 3D cung da la thdi quen thiet ke cdng trinh khdng thudc ITnh vuc dan dung N l u thilu ban ve tdng the 3D thi van khd mudng tupng hinh anh cdng trinh thuc te tuong lai, thieu nhan bilt true giac, true quan nhung chi t i l t hinh dang va hinh thiic tdng the, mau s i c son phii quet be mat cdng trinh Viec sir dung ban ve tdng the 3D cd the giam bdt dupc nhung td,n tai dd
III o HOA CONG TRINH s d l CHl/ONG TRINH AUTOCAD
Hien da sd cac ban ve ky thuat thudng dupc ngudi thiet ke hoac ngudi ky thuat vien dd hpa sir dung cdng cu t u ddng hda AutoCad, nen viec hpa hinh 2D da thao thi 3D cOng cd the hoan dupc cac ban ve cdng trinh Cd su khac mpt s6 khfa canh hai each the hien dd, song khdng qua xa la vdi nhung ky thuat hpa hinh can ban chuong trinh dao tao Cung cd the hpa hinh AutoCad Classic de tao hinh khdng gian ma khdng nhit thilt phai dimg AutoCad 3D Sir dung mdi trudng AutoCad 2D hoac 3D khdng quan trpng ma quan trpng la ket qua phai la cdng trinh dupe tao dung khdng gian chieu gdm chieu dai, chilu ngang va chilu cao Trudc chua dung AutoCad thi viec tao dung hinh 3D dupe thuc hien b i n g thu cdng sir dung cac thudc ke tay va eae loai biit ve nha nghe tren cac ban ve thudng gap hoac ban ehuyen dung hpa hinh cac phdng hoac xudng thilt k l edng trinh
Do dd, ma hd so thilt k l b i t budc phai cd ban ve tdng the 3D thi c h l e c h i n se khdng cd nha t h i u tu v i n hoac ngudi thilt k l nao khdng hoan theo each thdng thudng hoac rieng biet nao dd
Ky thuat hpa hinh 3D cang hoan thien va da trd cdng nghe hpa hinh 3D tren may vi tinh theo ludi 3D edng nghe AutoCad hoac ludi tu chpn phu hpp vdi hudng quan sat d n the' hien ban ve Do ed su thay ddi ty le ban ve r i t nang dpng d l dang, sir dung nhanh gpn, in ban ve tien dung va sd lupng nhilu , nen cdng cu AutoCad thudng cd nhilu uu viet ndi trpi de thuc hien hang muc kha h i p d i n thilt k l cdng trinh, dac biet mdi trudng
(2)HOA H I N H KY T H U A T C O N G T R I N H
O J
BAN VE MINH HOA CONG TRINH TRONG KHONG GIAN 3D
DISPLAY SHAPE OF STRUCTURES IN 3D SPACE
IDESIGNED BY DDTHOA - GROUPFORM CENTER IN MONTH lOOF YEAR 2010
canh tranh dang dau thau gay gat nhu hien IV.THl/C HANH o HOA CONG TRINH
Trong thuc hanh hpa hinh cdng trinh vdi loai cdng cu nao, hoac bien phap nao thi eung nen tien hanh theo qui trinh sau day:
1 Chon cdng cu hoa Nen sir dung Softw/are
AutoCad tren may vi tfnh PC de hpa hinh cdng trinh
2 Chon tyie ban vetheo yeu cau hoac phu hpp vdi
cdng cu dd hpa
3 Chgn phuang hudng quan sat cdng trinh
cho the hien dupc hinh dang k i t c l u va cac bp phan chi'nh, the hien dupc cang nhilu chi t i l t d n thilt k l cang thuan tien de thiet ke va hpa hinh cac ban hpa cu the khac
4 Chon goc va gdc giiJra cac true toa the
hien tren ban ve ma cd chUa dung hudng quan sat true quan cdng trinh da chpn
5 Chon thd tu dudng net, cae bd phan trudc sau
de dd hpa
6 Hoa hinh mat bang gidi han khu xay dung cdng
trinh
7 Thuc hien hoa cdng trinh thiit ki khdng gian 3D vdi vide hpa hinh cac dudng net tao hinh
dang, cac giao diem, eae giao tuyen mat phang hoac mat cong cat Cac dudng bien, net hien hay net nhin thay, xda cac net khult va net thUa Hoan tat hpa hinh dudng net va hinh dang cdng trinh
8 Viit chd, td mau theo Hatch n l u dung AutoCad
hoac td mau theo hpi hpa, ke khung va hoan ban ve
9 Kit xuit in ban ve Chpn khd g i l y A.4, A.3, A.2,
A I , A.O, hoac g i l y Idn hon hay nhd hon theo nhu c l u sir dung va kha nang ciia may in , sd lupng ban in loai ban mau hoac den trang va thao tac may in Neu c i n in khd Idn han A.4 thi ghi ban ve vao SoftDisk
hoac USB mang den xudng in thue
Vdi qua trinh lam vide neu tren, viec dd hpa cd dupc mdt quy trinh hoat ddng tuong ddi ben vUng den mUc ed the chuyen mdn hda xudng thilt k l VI vay ed dupc mdt cdng nghe hpa hinh cdng trinh xay dung cung vdi cdng nghe AutoCad may vi tinh PC tuong ddi hoan hao
V BAN VE MINH HOA CONG TRINH TRONG KHONG GIAN 3D
Mdt ban hpa hinh edng trinh khdng gian 3D ky thuat dupc thuc hien vdi may vi tfnh PC de trinh bay minh hpa cho viec dd hpa cdng trinh theo phong each hpa hinh khdng gian ky thuat lam vf du tham khao Ban hinh hpa ky thuat khdng gian cdng trinh thilt k l gdm mdt can nha mdi va hai chile cau giao thdng k i t hpp edng trinh dap tran thiiy Ipi khdng gian 3D kem t,heo sau day
VI TOM TAT
C i n n h i n manh them mpt i l n nua rang mac du vdi vide sir dung cac ban ve 2D nhu hien van bao dam the hien dupc cac yeu cau ky thuat thiet k l , song rd rang n l u sir dung them ban ve tdng the 3D thi giam
6uac nhilu khd khan viec the hien cdng trinh
thilt k l va dpc ban ve ky thuat, cung nhutao dupc true giac sinh ddng h i p d i n ddi vdi ban ve thiet cdng trinh hon nifa, viec giam sat thi edng cung de dang hon va ngudi thi cdng dpc ban ve cung de hpn, tranh dupe nhung n h i m i l n giifa thilt k l va thi cdng cdng trinh VI vay r i t nen bd sung ban ve 3D hd so thilt k l cac cdng trinh ky thuat co ban tuong tu nhu nganh xay dung dan dung d n cd ban ve kien true vay Cd the coi dd la viec lam r i t mdi me va hij\j ich, la mpt su t i l n bp rd ret cd chUa dung cac y l u td hien dai hda va cdng nghiep hda thilt k l cdng trinh xay dung ndi chung tai Viet Nam nay.Q