Vdd cdch nhin va quan diem dung dan ve cdng tac tdn gido do Chu tich Hd Chf Minh chi ra, Ban Thudng vu huyen uy Tien Hai da, dang vd se tiejp tuc quy hi dugc ddng bao cdc tdn gido, t[r]
(1)Tap chi Cong tac Ton giao VAN HOA DAO DL/C TON GIAO
CHUA PH^T TICH ~ HCOI CO T\f ©Oe D O d MIEN EAC
NGUYEN QUANG KHAI
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bua cd tdn Id Van Phuc thudc thdn Fhat Tich xa Rial Tfch huyen Tien Du tinh Bac Ninh, cdch Ha Ndi 20 km vd phfa Ddng Neu t i Ha Ndi, di theo dudng qude Id so mdi (dudng eao tdc), den bien cM dudng "Chua Phat Tfch", re tay phai vao dudng sd 295, di km till de'n chua Phat Tfch
Theo sdch "Dai Viet s i ky todn thu" (tap I, NXB Khoa hgc xa hdi, H 1971) tM chua Van Phic dugc xay dung vdo nam 1057 Nhung tiieo "Cd Chau Phdp van Phat ban hanh" (bd vdn khdc cdn luu d chua
Dau huyen Thuan Thanh) va tmyen thuyet dan gian till cd the chia Phat Tfch cd t i cud'i the ky t h i m
Cung nhu chua Dau, chua But Thap, chua Phat Tfch Id di tfch Uch s i van hda tidu bieu dugc gidi ngMdn ciu cac ngdnh khoa hgc xa hdi, ngMdn ciu nghe thuat, ngMen ciu tdn gido va ngoai nudc rdt quan tam tim Meu Md'i quan tam dd dugc ggi t i nhiing net ddc ddo cua ngdi ehua
1 Trudc he't la dia the noi dung chua
Chua Van Phuc dugc xay dung ttdn nii Phat Tfch (cdn ggi la nui Lan Kha, nii Tidn Du, nui Nguyet Hang), eia md hudng Tay, trudc mat Id sdng Duong Tfnh t i cdng chua Idn deh vudn thdp, khu vuc chua cd Idp
T i cdng chiia nhin vao, qua mdt doan dudng bdng, la nhiing bac da Ien vudn chua Vudn chua la khu dat cao hon khu vuc cdng chua 3,7 met va dugc ke da chdc chan Nhiing
Quang canh chua Phat Tich - BSc Ninh Anh: PV
vidn da cd hinh khdi hop c h i nhat dugc che tdc t i thdi Ly va bd ke da cflng dugc tao t i thdi Ly Day tudng dd dai 58 met, dudi chan cd mdt cdp nia, dugc ke vudng gdc vdi bd tudng cap thi hai rdng mdt met, cao 0,75 met Chfnh giia cMeu ddi bic tudng cd mdt dudng da rdng met dugc cdu tao 30 bac Di he't 30 bac se len deh nen gdc chudng (rdng 11 met, dai 13 met Di tiep den Idp nen t h i hai, Idp nen rdng 62 met, cd tudng da cao met Tudng da cflng dugc tao t i thdi Ly de ngan cdch vdi Idp nen tiii ba O khoang giia bic tudng ddi ciing cd dudng ddc vdi nhung bac da ddn len chua Nam ddi xing giua bai bac da ddn len chua, tai mep tudng da la hai day tugng thu thd bdng da, gdm 10 con: sa'u, ngua, uau, voi, su t i (mdi gidng cd hai con) Ldp nen thi hai cd cMeu sau 66 met Tai Idp ndn nay, cac cdng ttinh kien true chinh dugc Men dien
(2)VAN HOA OAO DLTC TON GIAO Tap chi Cong tac Ton giao
Cung cd thi cdng trinh kieh true eua ehia Phat Tich thdi Ly ciing b khu vuc nay, nhung ddu tidi edn d^ lai la tac phdm kidn tiiic ciia tiie ky XVH Ddu tfch eho ehung ta tiidy: or giiia la ngdi tien dudng gdm 11 gian, tda tMeu huong gdm gian, tda tiiugng dien gian, tda hau cung gian; hai ben Id hai day hanh lang, mdi day gian, piiia trai ed nha phuong tmgng gian, phia tmdc kd Uen dd la tda nha td vdi gian tmdc va gian dien pMa sau
Khung eanh kien true da bi pha huy ttong tiidi ky khdng cMen chdng tiiuc dan Phap Diem doc dao cua chiia Phat Tich khong chi la nhumg cong trinh kie'n true ma la cac tac pham dieu kh^c da cd kinh
Tmdc he't phai ke den tugng da A Di Da (ciing ed ngudi cho dd la tugng TMch Ca, cd ngudi ggi la The Tdn) Theo cdc nha ngMdn ciu my thuat, tugng da A Di Da la tac phdm dieu khac thdi Ly (cung ed mdt so y kieh eho rang dd la tac phdm dieu khdc thdi Dudng - the' ky thi IX) Than tugng dugc tao bang chdt Ueu dd xanh nguyen khd'i Ca phdn than tugng va phdn be cd chieu cao la 4,7 met (ttong dd phdn be da hoa sen cd cMeu ddi Id 1,7 met, cMdu rdng 0,8 met, cMeu cao 0,36 met Tugng dugc tac tu the ngdi ket gia trdn tda s^n Hai ban tay de ngia, chdng len nhau, dat tren dui Ldp ngoai budng xudng phu kfn ddi chan Than tugng manh, ngdi vdi tu thd hoi dudn len phfa tmdc, khudn mat Mdn diu, ddy nfl tfnh Idle mim cudi Tugng A Di Da dugc dat tten be tda sen bang da Tda sen dugc dat ttdn be da hinh bat giac vdi nghe thuat cham khde rdt tinh xao Be tda sen dugc tao hinh cac dda sen dang nd vdi hai tdng eanh Tdng tten cham ddi rdng, be bat giac, cae hga tiet trang tri dugc cham khac ca bd mat Mat ben cua ea hai tdng deu cham hinh ddi rdng dang vdn nhau, dn Men ttong may Mat ttdn cua tdng diem dugc cham nhiing chum hoa day mem mai Cudng hoa cd nMdu ngudi leo tteo Mat dudi Id hinh sdng nudc each didu Tdt ca deu rdt ty my, sd'ng ddng
Trong thdi ky lang Phat Tfch bi giac Phap cMem ddng, tugng da A Di Da da bi quan Ifnh
Riap diing Idm bia de t$p bdn Ddu tugng da bi gdy, than tugng bi dan bdn nham nhd Trong lang Phat Tfch, eo mgt cu dng da kfn dao cdt gifl ddu tugng Sau nam 1954, hda binh dugc lap lai, eu da tra eho nha chua de chap lai nhu Men chung ta da thdy
Tae phdm didu khdc da thi hai mang gia tri nghe thuat la tugng minh ngudi ddu cMm dang vd ttdng Tugng dugc tac bang chdt Ueu da xanh Khudn mat tugng phuc hau Men ti, toat len ve ttf tue va tMen Cap Idng may cong tu, ddi mat nho mo mang, ddi ma bdu buih, nguc nd, cd tay ttdn, map map, ddi canh xde rdng, bg ldng dudi dai hdt ngugc Idn, hai chan cing khde vdi nhung mdng eong sac Tugng ngudd - chim cd bd Idng mugt ma; cac phdn canh, dudi, bung, chan dugc didn ta bdng nhiing dudng udn cong, mdm mai, Tren bui tde tugng ngudd- cMm cd cdi nhiing ddi hoa va kdt tiianh dai dai de gifl Idy lan tdc ttdn ttan Tugng ngudi - chim deo ttdng com tmdc nguc, ed Ie la hinh anh cua thdn nhae cdng
Tdc pham didu khdc da thi ba la chan cdt bdng da cham hinh anh dan nhae dang boat ddng Chan tang dd dugc cham ndi d ed bdn mat, tao nhiing mang bd cue theb chieu ngang Ldy diem gifla Id mdt bdng sen, tae phdm dieu khdc cMa hai phdn ddi xing qua bdng sen dy, mdi bdn ed ngudi, ttong dd cd nhae cdng va mdt ngudi dang Id Ca nhae cdng deu tu the dang via nhay mua via s i dung nhae cu tten tay Nhflng nhae cu ma cdc n^ac cdng s i dung la ttdng com, dan, ttanh, dan ty- ba, dan thap luc, tidu, sao, nhi, ttdng da
Cac nhae cdng tten bic cham ddu cd than binh chdc khde, udn lugn duydn dang Nhu de tang them cdnh tugng huy^n do, b cdc khuyu tay, khuyu chan, cac nhae cdng, nghd sT cham khae cham nhflng tua lia tung bay, udn lugn, va tten ddu hg cd rat nMeu bdng hoa nhd dang rod la ta, ddng thdi, duod chan cae nhae cdng cd nhung Idp sdng nhdp nhd Tdt ca dudng nhu ddu vui chung vdd giai dieu dan nhae c i Ien Tdc phdm dieu khdc t h i tu la hang Iinh thu tmdc san chua Mudd Unh thi gdm ddi: sdu
(3)Tap chi Cong tac Ton giao VAN HOA OAO DLTC TON GIAO
ngua, trau, voi, su ti Nhung vat deu gdn bd hoac cd Uen quan deh cude ddi vd ngMep tmyen dao cua Die Phat Thich Ca Mau Ni 10 linh thu tmdc san chua Fhat Tfch deu dugc tac bdng da nguyen khd'i (tri ttau) Rieng phdn tai, simg, dudi dugc Iam rdi rdi lap ghep vao than linh thu bang Uen ket mdng Ca 10 Iinh tiii deu dugc dat tren be da hoa sen vdi sd 1,7 X 0,8 X 0,36 met Cdc Iinh thu cd cMeu cao xdp xi 1,2 met Cdn cMeu dai cua chung cd chenh lech mdt chit: ngua, ttau vd su t i dai 1,50 met, sdu 1,60 met, voi 1,80 met Cdc Iinh tiiu deu dugc tao d tu tiid' nam, dang beo khde NMeu nha ngMen cin cho rang, 10 Iinh thi b chua Phat Tich Id tdc pham dieu khac thdi Ly
Tac phdm dieu khdc thi nam Id ao rdng Tai gifla eia tang nen thi ba, cdch mep ndn 14,30 met cd mdt ao nhd, ggi la Long Tri (ao rdng) Ao cd cMeu dai met, cMeu rdng met, sau met Bd'n xung quanh bd deu dugc ke bang dd tang, vdeb ding, vudng gdc Dudi day ao rdng cd cM tiet chan rdng dugc tae bang da vdi bap chan to, map va bd mdng chdc khde Sdch "Dai Nam nhdt tiidng cM" (tap 4, NXB Khoa bgc xa hdi, H.1971, tr.70) viet: "Nui Lan Kha d xa Phat Tich each huyen Tien Du dam ve pMa Nam, tren nii cd muong tiiu da, ao rdng" chfnh Id ndi ve ao rdng
Theo tmyen tiiuyet, ao rdng de Id phdn dudi rdng, cdn ddu rdng Mdn da tim thdy d gie'ng Nggc (trong bai dd xe gdn cdng chia) Theo cac cu cao nidn ttong lang cho bie't, tmdc day ao rdng ddy nudc quanh nam, nhung lau nay, ao da bi khd can
Tac pham kie'n true da can dugc tim Meu
b cua Phat Tfch Id cac nggn tiidp Trong vudn
thdp eia chua Phat Tfch cd 36 nggn bdo thdp Vudn thap dugc bd trf d tang ndn thi 3, tang ndn cao nhdt So vdi sd Iugng thdp d chua Bach Thdp (xa Nam Son, TP Bac Nuih) tiii sd lugng thap d chua Phat Tfch cd ft hon, nhung chung lai cd gid tri Ijch s i va gia tri van hda ddc ddo hon
Ridn ldn cdc thdp d day den cdn dgc dugc ten va Men dai an thap Chang ban, thap
Phd Quang an thap vao nam Canh Tri t h i (1664), gdm tdng, tang t h i de trdng, cd ttan, trdn trdn khdc hinh trdn bat quai, tai ba mat vach dugc tac tugng tga tten tda sen; thdp Vidn Dung an nam Ky Mui (1679) cung cao tdng, mat tmdc cua tdng hai cham ndi hinh trdn chdng Idn hinh c h i nhat; thdp Hien Quang an nam VTnh Tri t h i (1680); thap Vien Quang cao tang an nam Chfnh Hda t h i (1684); thap Bao Nghiem cao tdng an nam Chfnh Hda thi 13 (1692), mat tmdc cua thap cham tugng Phat tga ttdn tda sen va thien su ngdi nhap dinh, Mdt so thap, nhu: Vien iVIinh, Tong Y, Bd De, khdng rd nam an thdp Ngoai cdc thdp dd, tai sudn phia trdi nui Phat Tfch cd mgt so thdp gach
Mdt sd thdp cd van bia vdi net chfl cdn tuong ddi rd, ghi chep ve hanh trang cua vi thien su dugc an thap Day la ngudn tu Ueu qui de ngMen ciu ve lieh s i chua Phat Tich ndi rieng va lich s i Phat gido Viet Nam ndi chung
Gdn day, mgt sd thap bi hu hai da dugc nganh van hda cho trung tu Nhung rat tiec, sau kM trung tu, nhirng thdp dd khong dugc phuc dung vdi nhimg chi tiet nhu ban ddu
Ke t i xay dung (nam 1057), chua Phat Tich da dugc cdc tridu dai chgn s i dung vao cdc cdng viec xa hgi ngoai pham vi ton gido mdt each hieu qua Sieu chep rang, nam 1071, vua Ly Thanh Tdng den tham chia, vie't chu "Phat" dai trugng thudc va cho khdc bia, dung d cbua Phat Tich Cdc thu tich cd cung cdn chep: khoang nam 1337- 1347, nha Trdn xay dung thu vien ldn trdn nui Phat Tich Danh nho Trdn Tdn dugc c i ttdng coi thu vien Sach "Dai Nam niidt thd'ng cM"' cdn chep rang: "Chua Van Phic d nii Lan Kha xa Phat Tich huydn Tien Du, dung thdi Ly Thanh Tong ( ) Ddi'Xuong Phi (1377), vua Trdn Nghe Tdng tiii Thai hgc sinh d day" Nam 1383, vua Trdn Nhan Tdng va qudn thdn sang tdc tap tho "Bao Hoa du but" tai chua Phat Tich Thdi Ld Canh Hung (1740- i786) md yen hdi
Do vi tri ddc dia cua ngdi chia, l i Mu dan gian da tiing luu truyen nMeu cd tich,
(4)VAN HOA DAO OLfC TON GIAO Tap chi Cong tac Ton giao
huyen thoai ve md'i tinh gifla nang tidn Gidng Huong vdi vidn quan Tri huyen T i Thic, tmyen tiiuyet ve Vuong Chdt mai me xem hai tien dng ddnh cd den ndi de muc ca can riu, nhung cd tfch huyen tiioai ttdn day gdp phdn Iam eho khung canh chua Hiat Tfch tiidm lung Unh huyen do, va dd, gdp phdn Iam cho ngdi chia cd sic hdp ddn dd'i vdi khdch thap phuong mdt each ky la
Chua Phat Tfch da dugc trung tu sia chua nMeu ldn Ldn tinng tu Idn nhdt vao tiid' ky XVII va vao nhflng nam eudi eua tiiap mdn ddu tien cua tiie ky XXI
Ngay 28-4-1962, Bg Van hda da ban hanh Quye't dinh sd 313/VH-VP, cdng nhan chua Phat Tfch la Di tfch Lich s i - Van hda Day la mgt ttong ngdi ehua, dinh ddu tidn b Bac Ninh dugc Nha nude cdng nhan Di tfch Lich s i - Van hda
Chua Phat Tfch da duge sia chfla, tu bd tuong dd'i tdt Dau rdng ttong gieng Nggc da dugc xdc dinh la cd; nMeu hang muc
cdng ttinh da duge xay dung mdi, nhu tugng Dai Phat tiianh, nha tien dudng, hau dudng, tiiien dudng, tiiu vien, nhd khach, nha tao soan, Mdt sd tiidp da dugc M sia; ao Rdng, gie'ng Nggc da duge khod vet tu sia; hdi Khan hoa thdng Gidng tiep tuc dugc td chic Dac biet, tugng nhue than Chuyet Cdng da dugc phuc ehe, bdo quan ttong khdm kfnh vdi su trg giip cua cdng nghe Men dai; nMeu di vat thdi Ly cd gia tri lich s i van hda ttong khu vuc cbua da duge tim thdy vd bao quan, trung bay, gdp phdn minh ching cho sur cudng thinh ve mgi mat cua vuong trieu Ly
Nam 2009, vdi su giup ve tai chfnh cua mdt so nha hao tam va cua chfnh quyen cac cdp tinh Bde Ninh, chia Phat Tfch da td chic trung bay tugng Phat nggc ldn nhdt the gidi vdi hang chuc trieu ngudi deh cMem bdi
Vdi gid tri Uch s i - van hda lau ddi va ddc dao, chua Phat Tfch ngdy cang cd nhidu khach ttong nudc va nudc ngoai ddn tim hieu, nghien ciu va van canh •
Huyen Tien Hai tliifc Iiien
(tie'p theo trang 39)
giao via la vidn cua cdng ddng tin nguong, tdn giao, Iai via Id cdng dM cua dia phuong Ddng bao tdn gido cd quyen ddi hdi dugc hudng nhiing quyen tu chfnh dang cua minh, mat khdc, phai cd ttdch nMem tdn ttgng va chdp hanh phap Mat Nha nudc, lam ttdn ngMa vu cua cdng dan ddi vdi To qudc, vdi dia phuong Thuc tidn ttong tieh trinh xay dung ddt nudc ndi chung, xay dung phdt trien huyen Tien Hai ndi rieng, nMeu ddng bdo tdn gido, M sT, cdc chic sdc, chic viec tdn giao da Iam td't cd vide dao, viec ddi, gdp phdn sic lire, cua cai, kd ca xuong mdu eia minh cho su ngMep xay dung vd bao ve Td qudc NMeu em gia dinh tdn gido da true tiep cdm sung cMeh ddu chdng ke thu xam lugc ttong cdc cugc khdng cMen tmdc day va bao ve tfnh mang, tdi san eua nhan dan, bao ve chi quydn, ddc lap cua dan tdc, cua
que huong minh Trong sud't hon 20 nam ddi mdi, nMeu tfn dd cac tdn gido dang phat huy tmyen thdng sdng "td't ddi, dep dao", vi muc tidu dan giau, nudc manh, xa hdi cdng bang, dan chu, van minh, thuc Men td't dudng ldi ciia Dang, chuih sach cua Nhd nudc ve tin ngudng tdn giao, gdp phan xay dung qud huong, gifl viing dn dinh chfnh tri b dia phuong
Vdd cdch nhin va quan diem dung dan ve cdng tac tdn gido Chu tich Hd Chf Minh chi ra, Ban Thudng vu huyen uy Tien Hai da, dang vd se tiejp tuc quy hi dugc ddng bao cdc tdn gido, dd cd ddng bao Cdng gido ttong khd'i dai doan ket toan dan d dia phuong, chdng Iai am muu cMa re cua ke tiiu vd cang gop piidn tang cudng cing cd QP - AN, gii viing dn djnh chmh tri, phat ttien kinh te'- xa hdi d dia piiuong Dd id dieu khang djnh chac chan, vi ddng bao cac ton gido da tin tudng vao Dang, Nha nudc va Mem tin dd da dugc kiem ching qua tiiUc tidn Ianh dao d Dang bg huyen Tien Hai, tinh Thai