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thud (theo quy dinh doanh nghidp dupe dp dyng ttiud suat VAT Id 0%; dupe midn tiiud tiiu nhap doanh nghidp ti-ong bdn ndm kd tiJ khi cd thu nhdp vd gilm 50% thud tiiu nhdp doanh nghi[r]
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Can sdm cd quy chuin chung ve xay dung nha d xa hOi
HThS NGUYEN THANH BiNH Vien Nghien ciiu ph^t tni^n KT-XH HS NOI
Hd Ndi Id dia phuong ddn ddu cd nude v^ phdt tri^n nhd d xd hdi- Song, glOa thi/c t ^ vd muc ti$u phdt tri^n nhd d xd hOi trSn dta bdn thdnh phd cdn Id khodng cdch khdng nhd Bdo cdo "Odnh gid dd th| hda d Viet Nam" Ngdn hdng Th^ gidi thi;c hi§n thdng 11/2011 vd vil/a duoc cdng bd gdn ddy dd dua sd chf cd khodng 5% ddn sd Hd Ndi cd 6(1 ti^n 64 mua bdt ddng sdn vdi miJc gid hiCn tai
NHONG BAT CAP KHI THirCHllN
ThO nhdt, bdt cdp cdng tdc quy hoach, kd hoach phdt tridn nhd d tiiu nhdp thdp vd nhd d cdng nhdn trdn dia bdn Hd NOi Thdnh uy Hd NOI dd ban hdnh Chuong trinh sd 06/CTr-TU ngdy 8/11/2011 vd "Ddy manh cOng tdc quy hoach, xdy dyng vd qudn ly dd thi thdnh phd Hd Ndl giai doan 2011-2015", dd ed xdc djnh cdc chl bdu phdt bidn nhl d thu nhap thdp vd nhd d cdng nhdn tren dfa bdn Tuy nhidn, viec tndn khai chfl tnjong de cdn chdm Thdnh phd chua phd duydt vd ban hdnh dupe Chuong binh phat trien nhd d ddn nam 2020 Chl tieu phdt bidn nhd d xa hdi chua dupe dua vdo kd hoach phdt tridn Wnh td - xa hpi hang ndm Thdnh phd chua chfl ddng quy hoach, xdc djnh quy ddt dd phdt tien nhd d tiiu nhdp thdp vd nhd d cdng nhan mdt t l m nhin ddl han ddn ndm 2020, cdn phy thudc nhidu vdo quy ddt 20% frong cde khu ddtiii
Thu hai, cdc chfnh sdch uu ddi chua ddn dupe vdi doanh nghidp ndn chua khuydn khlch, tiiu hut cde doanh nghidp tiiam gia xdy dyng nhd d xa hdi Ngodi vide dupe miln tidn sfl' dyng ddt, bdn ttiue ddt ddi vdt didn bch ddt xdy dyng nhd dtiiu nhdp thdp vd nhd dcdng nhdn thi cdc doanh nghidp tfiam gla xdy dyng nhd d xa hOi tai Hd Ndi cQng nhu trdn ca nude chua dupe hudng cde uu ddi khdc Chua ed co chd vd phuong thOe
66 doanh nghidp dupe hudng uu dai vd
thud (theo quy dinh doanh nghidp dupe dp dyng ttiud suat VAT Id 0%; dupe midn tiiud tiiu nhap doanh nghidp ti-ong bdn ndm kd tiJ cd thu nhdp vd gilm 50% thud tiiu nhdp doanh nghidp nam tidp tiieo (vdi nhd d cdng nhdn td nam) vd dupe dp dyng thud suat thud tiiu nhdp doanh nghl$p Id 10% b-ong
sudt thdt gian hoat ddng) Thdnh phd chua cd CO chd vd phuong thOc dd bO Idl sudt cho doanh nghidp; ehua chl djnh dupe cy thd ngdn hdng hodc td chOc bn dyng ndo sd cdp vdn vay uu ddl cho doanh nghidp dlu tu xdy dyng nhd thu nhdp thdp vd nhd d cdng nhdn
ThO ba, khdng ed tidu chf rd rdng vd nhd thu nhdp ttidp vd gid bdn nhd thu nhdp thdp hidn tai khdng thdp, khdng tiiu hot dupe ngudi mua nhd VI ehua ed quy chu^n ndng ndn cdc cdn hd nhd thu nhdp thdp dang dupe xdy dyng khdng khdc nhd d thuong mai thdng thudng Vf dy tai Dy dn Kidn Hung, tda nhd ttiu nhdp thdp cao 25 tdng, cd tdng him, tiiang mdy, ddy dfl nhd hdng, sIdu thf d tdng trdt, cdc cdn hO rOng ti> 60 ddn 90 m^ Hlu hdt elc dy dn nhd thu nhdp ttidp d Hd NOi khOng tijdn ttiu quy d|nh vd thidt kd, xdy dyng nhd d xd hOi, nhu edn hO cd didn tich Idn hon quy d|nh vd d$c bldt 11 xdy dyng qud cao ting (theo Ludt Nhd d thi nhd dxa hOI tai dO tiii die bidt chl dupe cao - tdng)
Gid nhd ttiu nhdp thdp tai cdc dy dn dang dupe rao bdn hidn d Hd NOl nhu Ddng Xd, Kidn Hung, Sdi Ddng dao ddng d mOc 10,5 • 13.5 tridu/m' vd m5l chfl ddu tij cd mdt elch tinh gid bdn nhd khde Muc gid ndy td qud cao vl vdi dl$n tfch cdn hd khoing 60 - 70 m' thi gid efla cdn hO vdo khoing 800 - 900 tridu ddng Ngay c l nhOng ngudi cd tfiu nhdp frung binh, tdng tdp trung luu CQng khd cd ttid sd hthi cdn hd d mOc gid nly, chO khdng nd! ddn nhOng ngudi ed thu nhdp ttilp Vd thyc td Id hdng loat khdeh hdng da to> chdi ky hpp ddng mua nhd thu nhdp ttidp tai Ddng Xd, Sdi Odng vl gid qud cao Bdn canh dd, dCi gid khdng rd hon so vdi nhd dthuong mai nhyng ngudi mua nhd ttiu nhdp ttidp lal phdi chju cdc quy dinh
khdt khe vd cho thud, chuydn nhupng ndn cdng khdng khuydn khfch ngud mua nhd
Thu tu, vide xdc dinh ddi tupng dupe xdt duydt mua nhd thu nhdp thlp d Hd Ndl cdn Iflng tflng Ban dlu thdnh phd quy d|nh chl nhOng ngudi ed hd khdu thudng trO tai cdc qudn nOi thdnh mdi Id ddi tupng dupe ndp don mua nhd thu nhdp thdp Sau mdt thdi gian ban hdnh, sd ngudi ndl thdnh ddn nOp don xdt duydt mua nhd thu nhdp ttidp khdng nhidu (cd thd vi cdc dy dn nhd thu nhdp blip ddu d cdch trung tdm phd khodng 15 - 20km vd vi nhd thu i^dp thdp ft khdc bidt so vdi nhd d thuong mai binh thudng ndu trdn) Ddn tiidng 3/2011, md bdn tai dy dn nhd ttiu nhdp ttidp Kidn Hung, ttidnh phd dd bai bd quy dfnh gidl han hO khlu nOi tiidnh, thay vdo dd Id tdt cd ngudi ddn cd hO khdu tai Hd NOI cd bid tham gia ddng ky mua nhd Hidn Hd Ndi dang nghidn cOu dd bdp tyc md rdng ddl tupng dupe mua nhd thu nhdp thdp ddn c l nhOng ngudi tam tiij tai Hd NOi
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Tnrdrc h ^ cSn xAc ^nh ro h tiSu chf nhd if thu n h | p thSp (trc cdc quy <^nh h i f n t ^ i chuci th^hi r6 cdc tiSu chf nhy) Ndn phdn t nhd d dang cdn hd theo bdu (Am nhd d thu nhdp thdp nhd d binh ddn nhd d cao cdp
(2)khdng thd c6 gid cao, mudn vdy gid thdnh nhd phdi thap, nghTa Id cdc tidu chudn ky thuat chi d mOc phO hop Do dd, can sdm cd quy chudn chung vd xdy dyng nhd dthu nhdp thdp
Hd Ndl nen sdm ed quy dinh vd ca cdu can hO theo dien tich ddi vdi eac dy dn nhd d thu nhdp thdp: cdn hO cd didn ti'ch 35 - 45 m^ chiem khoang 20%, didn ti'ch 45 - 60 m^ chidm khodng 60%, cdn hp 60 - 70 m^ chiem khodng 20%
Sdm nghien cuu tdp, cdng bd thidt ke CO sd mdu ddi vdi cdc loai nhd d trSn dia bdn Hd Npi: nhd d cho ngudi thu nhdP thdp, nhd d edng nhdn, nhd d sinh vien, nha d di ddn gili phdng mdt bang
Thu' hai can quy hoach vdi iStm nhin ddl han nhdm xdc djnh ro quy dat 6i phdt tridn nhd if thu nhdp thSp nhd frcong nhan trdn dja bdn thdnh ph6 Phdi xdc dinh dlu tu phdt
tndn nha d thu nhdp thdp, nhd d edng nhan Id mOt qud trinh tdu ddi, mang tinh chidn lupc nen phai ed quy hoach Id trlnh phdt ti-ien theo tCmg giai doan mdt each phO hpp
Cin sdm quy hoach, tao cdc quy ddt sach, rpng chf dd xdy dung nha d thu nhdp tiidp, nha d edng nhdn Viec phat trien nhd d xa hOi khdng thd phy thuOc vao quy ddt 20% khu dd thi, quy dat 20% ndy chi ndn ddnh cho nhd
± tai dinh cu (thuc te viec xay dung nha ^ tai dinh cu d Ha Ndi tu quy dat hien Z van chua du dap ung yeu cSu),
S Tai cac khu vuc quy hoach phat trien § nha dthu nhap thap, nha d cdng nhan
§' se tap trung toan bd day chuydn san
xudt nhd d theo quy trinh cdng nghidp hoac tdp trung nguydn vdt lidu khdi lupng Idn dd sdn xudt nhl d hdng loat vdi tdc dd nhanh vd gid thdnh rd
Dl Hdn vdi quy hoach cdc khu nhd d, thdnh phd cIn ddng thdt quy hoach hd thdng giao thdng, hd trp dlu tu xdy dyng tdng ddng bd tai cdc khu quy hoach, bd til cdc phuong ti$n v$n tdl edng edng tai cdc khu ndy, bdo dim sy tidn Ipi cho cudc sdng cua ngudi ddn
Thiir ba cdc u^ dai chfnh sdch nhd ir thu nh|ip thSp nhd if c6ng nhSn cSn da dang horn khOng chf
hudng ddn cdc doanh nghidp xdy dyng nhd (cung) md eIn chfl trpng hudng ddn ngudt thud, mua nhd (cdu)
Thyc td nhidu chinh sdch hidn nay, ddi tupng hudng Ipi Id cdc doanh nghidp Nhidu dy dn hp dupe uu dai vd thud dat, vd tidn su dyng ddt, vd ddu tu eo sd ting, vd thud nhung hp vin djnh gid bdn nhd nhu ddi vdi cdc dy dn nh^ dthuong mai md khdng kidm sodt duoe, ngudi ddn phai chiu thidt Xet ddn cung, cdi dich can hudng tdl cfla cdc uu dai, hd trp chfnh td nhimg ngudi thu nhdp biap, ngudi lao ddng cd nhu cau nhd d, chfl' khdng phai eac doanh nghidp kinh doanh nhd
Do vdy, can cd them cac uu dai cua nhd nude ddi vdi phfa cau (ngudi thu nhap thap, cdng nhan lao dong), Cu the la can sdm cd co che, phuong thuc de nguoi mua, thue mua nha d thu nhap thap vay duoc von td cac ngan hang thuong mai cd hd tro cua nha nude vg lai suat
Trong bdl cdnh th| trudng bdt ddng sdn dang suy thodi hign cd thd thuc hidn gidl phdp hd trp lai sudt cho mOt sd ddl tupng ngudi thu nhdp thap mua nhd d thuong mai (Vf dy h5 trp tdi sudt ddl vdi khodn vay cd gid tr| khdng chd b-ong khodng 300 - 500 tridu ddng) Didu ndy vOa tao didu ki§n cho ngudi thu nh|p thdp mua nhd, vOa gdp phdn kich thich thi ttudng bit dOng sdn
Thu' tu* da dang hod ngudn von dSu tu' phdt tri^n nhd if thu nhap thUp, nhd if cdng nhan Hd NOi c l n
ban hdnh cde eachd, chinh sdch uu dai ridng dd khuydn khich cde thdnh phdn kinh td tham gia dau tu xdy dyng nhd d thu nhdp thdp, nhd d cdng nhdn tr§n dia bdn Dd nghi Trung uong cho phep tridn khai sdm md hlnh Quy Tidt kidm nhd d tai Hd Ndl dd tang cudng cdc ca hdi cho ngudi ddn tidp c$n dupe vdi nha
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Ngudn vdn ngdn sdch cd vai trd rdt Idn phdt tridn nhd d thu nhap thdp, nhd d cdng nhdn De nghj nghidn ciiu, I p dyng cdc giai phap sau ddtdng them ngudn vdn nay:
• Su dyng todn bd tien ban nhd d thudc sd hiju nhd nude trdn dia ban thdnh phd cho muc dfeh dlu tu phat tridn nhd d xa hOi