Xác định rõ chính là quyển sách bạn đã kể cho tôi nghe ngày hôm qua * MĐQH xác định cần thiết trong câu để xác định rõ danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa.. Nếu lược bỏ câu sẽ không rõ về nghĩa.?[r]
(1)RELATIVE CLAUSES (MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ) I Ví dụ và định nghĩa: + I have just bought a book It is about the history of the English language => I have just bought a book which is about the history of the English language + Laura has just won the first prize in the city’s piano contest She is my best friend => Laura, who is my best friend, has just won the first prize in the city’s piano contest + Last year we visited a house Shakespeare was born there => Last year we visited the house where Shakespeare was born * Mệnh đề quan hệ (MĐQH) là mệnh đề phụ bổ nghĩa cho danh từ trước nó * MĐQH thường bắt đầu đại từ quan hệ (ĐTQH)-chỉ người/sở hữu, vật/sự việc- trạng từ quan hệ (TTQH)-chỉ địa điểm, thời gian, lí II Các ĐTQH và TTQH: Who: người (làm S O) – đứng sau danh từ người EX: + We met some local people They were very helpful => We met some local people who are very helpful Whom: người (làm O) – sau danh từ người làm O MĐQH Whom có thể đứng sau giới từ Chủ yếu dùng văn viết các trường hợp giao tiếp trang trọng EX: The man was very friendly We talked to him => The man whom (who) we talked to was very friendly = The man to whom we talked was very friendly Whose: sở hữu Whose có thể đứng sau danh từ người vật thiết sau nó phải kèm theo danh từ (trong trường hợp sở hữu vật có thể dùng: the N of which) EX: Do you know a word? Its meaning is similar to ‘courteous’ => Do you know the word whose meaning is similar to ‘courteous’? (Do you know the word the meaning of which is similar to ‘courteous’?) Which: vật (làm S O) – đứng sau danh từ vật Which có thể đứng sau giới từ That: có thể thay cho who, whom which MĐQH xác định Thường dùng các trường hợp sau: sau cụm từ người và vật; sau các cụm danh từ có chứa ‘the only’, so sánh tuyệt đối, ‘all’, ‘some’, ‘any’, …; cấu trúc nhấn mạnh: It’s … that … Where: nơi chốn (= in/at/on/… - which) EX: The restaurant was comfortable We had dinner in it (there) => The restaurant where we had dinner was comfortable = The restaurant in which we had dinner was comfortable When: thời gian (= in/at/on/… - which) EX: I will never forget a day The disastrous storm swept off almost everything of mine on this day => I will never forget the day when the disastrous storm swept off almost everything of mine = I will never forget the day on which the disastrous storm swept off almost everything of mine Why: lý (= for – which) EX: Do you know the reason? He decided to quit his passion for this reason (for it) => Do you know the reason why he decided to quit his passion? = Do you know the reason for which he decided to quit his pasion? III MĐQH xác định và MĐQH không xác định (Definite and non-definite relative clauses) MĐQH xác định: EX: Can you lend me the book which you told me about yesterday? (Xác định rõ chính là sách bạn đã kể cho tôi nghe ngày hôm qua) * MĐQH xác định cần thiết câu để xác định rõ danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa Nếu lược bỏ câu không rõ nghĩa.) Lop11.com (2) * Khi viết không có dấu phẩy MĐQH xác định và MĐ chính câu MĐQH không xác định: EX: Ha Long Bay, which is one of the wonders of the world, is among the most famous tourist attractions in Vietnam (Chỉ bổ sung thêm thông tin cho danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa vì danh từ đó đã xác định.) * MĐQH không xác định bổ sung thêm thông tin cho danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa Nếu lược bỏ, câu rõ nghĩa * Khi viết có dấu phẩy MĐQH không xác định và MĐ chính MĐQH xen vào câu * MĐQH không xác định thường thấy các trường hợp sau: sau danh từ tên riêng; sau cụm từ có các từ định: this these, that, those; sau cụm từ có tính từ sở hữu: my, our, your, his, … Lop11.com (3) RELATIVE CLAUSES - EXERCISES I Cirle the best option to complete each sentence: The scientist _ invention was a success became famous A who B whose C which D that The man _ you met at the party was a famous film star A who B that C whom D all are correct My neighbour, _ brother is an actor, gave me some theatre tickets A who B whom C which D whose We are talking about the writer _ latest book is one of the best-sellers this year A which B who C whom D whose The people _ called me yesterday want to buy your house A who B whose C whom D which A newspaper _ is published every day is called a daily newspaper A who B which C that D b and c That is the man _ told me the bad news A who B whom C whose D which Bologna in Northern Italy is the place _ Guglielmo Marconi was born A there B where C what D which The boy _ eyes are brown is my friend A who B whose C which D whom 10 My uncle _ you met yesterday is a lawyer A which B what C whose D whom II Fill the blanks with Relative pronoun or Relative adverbs, put commas when they are needed The book …………………… I need can’t be found in the library Here is the beach …………………… is the safest for swimmers Do you know the American woman …………………… name is Margaret Mitchell? Jim …………………… I have known for ten years is one of my closest friends That woman …………………… name I don’t remember is a doctor Children enjoy reading the books …………………… have coloured pictures The noise …………………… he met woke everybody up I know a place …………………… roses grow in abundance We must find a time …………………… we can meet and a place …………………… we can talk 10 The teacher with …………………… we studied last year no longer teaches in our school 11 Mr Brown …………………… is only 34 is the director of this company 12 Let me see all the letters …………………… you have written 13 Is there anyone …………………… can help me this? 14 Alexander Flemming …………………… discovered penicillin received the Nodel Prize in 1945 15 We saw many soldiers and tanks …………………… were moving to the front III Combine each pair of sentences below The officer wasn’t very friendly I spoke to him yesterday ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… The dog was very frightened The boys threw stones at it ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… The road was built in 1980 We are driving on it ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… Lop11.com (4) Did you see the letter? It came yesterday morning ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… The man called the police His wallet was stolen ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… My father goes swimming everyday You met him this morning ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… I love my parents’ house I was born in that house ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… The town is small I grew up there ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… I’ll never forget the day I first met you then ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 10 The picture was beautiful She was looking at it ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 11 This is the house We often stay in this house in the summer ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 12 This is Mrs Jones Her son won the championship last year ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 13 You sent me a present Thank you very much for it ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 14 Mary and Margaret are twins You met them yesterday ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 15 I like standing at the window I can see the park from this window ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 16 I not know the reason She left school for it ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 17 The police want to know the hotel Mr.Foster stayed there two weeks ago ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 18 The man is a famous actor You met him at the party last night ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 19 There are some words They are very difficult to translate ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 20 The woman was a secretary We were waiting for her ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 21 Sandra works in advertising You were talking to her ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 22 The man is very young You are driving his car ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 23 Who is the woman? Our teacher is talking to her? ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 24 The day was rainy She left on that day ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 25 The city was beautiful We spent our vacation there ……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… Lop11.com (5)