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EXERCISE 1: put the verbs in correct forms using conditional sentence type 1.. David will leave for Ren tomorrow if the weather ...[r]
(1)CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN VÀ BÀI TẬP A CÁC LOẠI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
Type : FUTURE POSSIBLE ( Diễn tả khả xảy tương lai) A/ Dạng bản:
If + S + V(simple present), S + V(simple future)
Ex: If I have time, I will go
B/ Những trường hợp khác:
1/ If + S + V(simple present) , Imperative (mệnh lệnh)
Ex:If you go to the post office, please mail this letter for me
2/ Imperative (mệnh lệnh) + or + S + V(simple future).
Ex: Prepare the lesson carefully or you will get a bad mark
= If you don't prepare the lesson carefully, you will get a bad mark
3/ If + S + V(simple present) , S + V(simple present) → diễn tả thật hiển nhiên (If=When=Whenever)
Ex: If you mix blue and yellow, you get green
4 If not = Unless (trừ khi)
Ex: If you don't hurry, you'll be late for school => Unless you hurry, you'll be late for school
5 As long as/ So long as/ Provided (that)/ Providing (that)/ On condition that + Clause ( Miễn là/ với điều kiện)
Ex: As long as you drive carefully, you can use my car = If you drive carefully, you can use my car
6 Clause (might/do +V) + if + Clause (the simple present)
* để khả khách quan
Ví dụ: It’s sunny We may get a headache if we go out without a hat - Clause (may/can + V) + if + Clause (the simple present) * để cho phép
Ví dụ: You can go home if you finish your test
- Clause (must/should + V) + if + Clause (the simple present) * để yêu cầu, đề nghị
Ví dụ: You must exercises if you want to get good marks
Type 2: PRESENT UNREAL (Diễn tả tình khơng có thật tương lai) A/ Dạng bản:
If + S + V(past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would/ could/ might + bare inf
Eg: I don't win a lot of money, so I can't spend most of it travelling round the world → If I won a lot of money, I could spend most of it travelling round the world Eg: I am short; that's why I won't be a pilot
→If I were/ was taller, I would be a pilot
*past subjunctive:Quá khứ bàng thái cách/ Quá khứ giả định - To be: chia "Were" cho tất
- Khơng phải "To be : chia giống q khứ đơnc) Trường hợp đặc biệt: B/ Những trường hợp khác:
1/ The variation of the If-clause: (Biến thể mệnh đề If) If + S + V(past continuous), S + would/ could/ might + bare inf
Eg: If you were driving from London to Glasgow, which way would you go?
2/ The variation of the main clause: (Biến thể mệnh đề chính)
If + S + V(past subjunctive/ simple past), S + would/ could/ might + be + V-ing
Eg: I am not on holiday; I am not touring Italy
→ If I were / was on holiday, I would be touring Italy
3/ Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2: - Bỏ If
(2)Eg: If I were you , I would eat less => Were I you, I would eat less
- Nếu câu khơng có động từ “were” mượn “were’ dùng “ to Verb” If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book
Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book.
III/ Type 3: PAST UNREAL (Diễn tả tình khơng có thật q khứ) A/ Dạng bản:
If + S + had + PP , S + would/ could/ might + have + PP
Eg: I didn't tell her any good news because I wasn't here early →If I had been here earlier, I would have told her some good news
B/ Những trường hợp khác:
1/ The variation of the main clause: (Biến thể mệnh đề chính) If + S + had + PP , S + would/ could/ might + have + been + V-ing
Eg: Mr.Pike's son was there; that's why I wasn't sitting in front
→If Mr.Pike's son hadn't been there, I would have been sitting in front
2/ The variation of the If-clause: (Biến thể mệnh đề If)
If + S + had + been + V-ing , S + would/ could/ might + have + PP
Eg: I was wearing a seat belt, so I didn't have a bad accident
=> If I hadn't been wearing a seat belt, I would have had a bad accident
3/ Câu điều kiện pha trộn: Loại III + Loại II
Eg: He isn't a rich man now because he didn't take my advice →If he had taken my advice, he would be a rich man now
If I had caught that plane, I would be dead now (the fact that I did not catch that plane.)
If I followed your advice, I would have a job now.(the fact that I didn’t follow your advice, so I don’t have a job now)
4/ Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: - Bỏ If
- Had + S (not) + P.P
Eg:If I hadn't been careful, I would have had an accident last night =>Had I not been careful, I would have had an accident last night 5/ Clause (could have + P2) + if + Clause (had + P2)
* chủ quan, cho phép
Ví dụ: I could have won a prize if I had taken part in the competition last week
You could have gone to the cinema if you had finished your homework last night - Clause (might have + P2) + if + Clause (had + P2)
* khả khách quan
Ví dụ: The last crop might have been better if it had rained much
B BÀI TẬP
EXERCISE 1: put the verbs in correct forms using conditional sentence type
1 David will leave for Ren tomorrow if the weather (be) fine
2 What will you if you (not / go) away for the weekend ? 3 The game (start) if you put a coin in the slot.
4 If you (be) scared of spiders, don’t go into the garden. We’ll have to go without John if he ( not arrive)……….soon
6 Please don’t disturb him if he (be) busy.
7 If she (accept) your card and roses, things will be very much hopeful 8 If a holiday (fall) on a weekend, go to the beach If she (come)……… late again, she’ll lose her job 10 If he (wash)……… my car, I’ll give him $20
EXERCISE : put the verbs in correct forms using conditional sentence type
(3)2 If the sun (be) shining now, we would go to the beach
3 If you (paint)……….the walls white, the room would be much brighter If he knew that it was dangerous he (not come)……… I (buy)……… shares in that company if I had some money If you drove more carefully, you (not have)………… so many accidents If I (be)……… you , I (not worry)……… about going to university If I (have)………any money, I would give you some
9 Mary doesn’t study hard She (not pass)……… the examination unless she worked harder 10 The man would go abroad if he (can speak)……… japanese
EXERCISE : put the verbs in correct forms using conditional sentence type
1 If Mary (wear)…………a raincoat, she would not have got a cold
2 There (not have)… …an accident if the driver in front hadn’t stopped so suddenly If she had eaten something, she (not feel)……… hungry
4 If I (have)………a sound sleep last night I would have been well If it (not rain)…………yesterday we would have had lunch in t he garden If it had not been very expensive I (buy)……… it
7 If the teacher (speak)…………more slowly Peter would have understood the lessons
8 If I (have) my camera with me yesterday, I (take) a picture of Alex standing on his head
9 The cowboy pulled his gun to shoot at the rattlesnake, but he was too late If he (be) quicker to pull the trigger, the snake (not-bite) him on the foot
10 If you (be) more careful, you wouldn't have cut yourself
EXERCISE : Rewrite the following sentences using “Unless”
1 I won’t go to school if I don’t feel better Tony will talk to you if you question him If you don’t put on your overcoat, you’ll be cold You will fail the exam if you don’t work hard You’ll get a cold if you don’t keep your feet dry If I don’t leave now, I’ll miss my flight
Exercise 5: Rewrite the following sentences using conditional sentences: type 2
1 They are poor, so they can’t help us
2 He doesn’t his homework He is always punished He doesn’t have enough time He can’t help me She doesn’t take any exercise, so she is overweight He doesn’t have a bicycle, so he always goes to class late I am bad at English, so I can’t homework
Exericse 6: Rewrite the following sentences using conditional sentences: type 3
1 He didn't hurry, so he missed the train We didn't go because it rained
3 We got lost because we didn't have a map He lost his job because he was late every day The dress was so expensive She could not buy it Sue felt sick because she ate four cream cakes
Exericse 7: Rewrite the following sentences using the suggestion.
1 I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now. If I………
2 If it hadn’t rained, we would have a better crop.But for……… If you want my advice, I wouldn’t buy it. If I ………
4 I only come if they invite me. Unless………
(4)6 His sister sent her money, so he continued to study. But for……… The park is over there, only minutes’ walk. If you walk……… In case it rains, we’ll stay at home If it………
Exercise 8: Choose the best answer by circling A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences.
1 If I …………hungry now, I……… five sandwiches, but I’m not
A am – can eat B were – can eat C were – could eat D were – will eat What would you if you ……… a lottery
A win B will win C won D had won If you……….a millionaire, you might be happy
A became B will become C become D had became If you had tried your best, you………the job
A, will get B got C had got D would have got If he……… late, he would have caught his bus
A worked B has worked C had not worked D would work It quicker if you use a computer
A will be B would be C were D.been If I knew his address, I round and see him
A go B will go C would go D went If we want to get higher salary, we……….harder
A work B would work C worked D must work If Ken ……… the train, he would have been late for his interview
A missed B has missed C miss D had missed It be a pity if she married Fred
A will B would C can D may I know I’ll feel better if I smoking
A will stop B stopped C.stop D had stopped If the driver in front … so suddenly, the accident wouldn’t have happened
A hasn’t stopped B hadn’t stopped C didn’t stop D don’t stop 10 If I … a lot of money now, I … a new car
A have/ will buy B have/ would buy C had/ will buy D had/ would buy 11 If I … you were in hospital, I … to see you
A know/ will go B knew/ would go
C had known/ would have gone D knew/ would have gone 12 You are late If you …… a few minutes earlier, you …… him
A came / would meet B had come / would have met C come / will meet D had come / would meet 13 I’d have gone swimming yesterday afternoon if I …… time
A had B have had C had had D would have had 14 If he had told me the truth, I …… him
A will not punish B would not have punished C would not punis D.would have not punished 15 If they had not given me advice, I …… again
A would have failed B would fail C would have been failed D wouldn’t fail 16 If I …… a scholarship to England, my parents would be very proud of me
A get B got C had got D will get 17 If there …… no floods last year, the crop …… better
A had been / would have been B were / would be C had / would have been D was / would have been 18 If he worked harder, he …….now
A will not be sacked B will not have been sacked C had not been sacked D would not be sacked 19 If energy …… inexpensive an unlimited, many things in the world would be different
A is B will be C were D would be 20 We …… the game if we’d had a few more minutes
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