Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Cdc phy fim tfic, xdt d dlUi fim tilt diu Id tilng dfng, dio nen ndi chung, so vdi tiianh difu vd vkt\, chdng ft cd khd nfing t90 n&i nhfc cfim dio ngudi dpc bon, m$c dd ddi khi c[r]
(1)N G N N G C & B I S N G S 12 (242>-2015
I N G Q N N G O * HQC - V I $ T N O g HQC - NGOAI NGU]
NHAC DI|;U TRONG THO CA VIET ' MUSICALITE IN VIETNAMESE POETRY
NGUYfiN QUANG H N G
(GS.TSKH; Vi$n Hdn lfim Khoa hgc Xfi h$i Vi^t N a m )
Abstract: MTtsicalilte is a fundamental element regarding phonetic aspects of poetry wording, especially lyrical poetry This paper is going to clarify this conception based on Vietnamese lyrical poehy materials Musicalilte is mostiy created by the tonal-harmony method to bear the aesthetic sounds that readers can feel while experiencing poetiy
Key words: musicalilte; metre; food; Viemamese; poetiy Cd mOt k h ^ n i ^ thi hpc dupc gidi tiilm
blnh thi ca ti^g V i ^ thudng hay ndi tdi Dd Id *'nli9C £ ^ " (ho9c **nhac thih" - musicalitfi) cda m$t ddi^ tho, mdt khd tha hay cua cd m$t bdi tiio "Nh^c di^u" vd "tilt tlu" Id hai dicic trung co b ^ thu$c blnh di$n fim dupc <^m nhdn moi lifin h$ vdi tinh y cua tdc phim n ^ § tiiu$t tiiica
Dd cd khd nhieu vd khd phfin tdn nhfhig cdch hilu, cdch h b h dung vh "idi^c di$u" tiia Chdng h ^ vdi Tyuy$n Kieu cda Nguyen Du, cd ngudi khdng ngin n g ^ coi do^n tha tdc ^ d md td tilng diln ciJa Thuy Kieu Id bdn n h ^ phd diSn nhdng cung b§c tinh cdm khdc cua ndng Ho$c ^ d hhih dung cd 7hfy$n Kieu Id mOt bdn "gjao hudng" Idn ve than ph$n Ihdy Kilu, md mSi chuong nh^c tuong dng vdi mdt qufing d ^ clito n6i cda ndng, v.v L ^ cung cd khdng ft ngudi i^idt huy tri tudng t u p i ^ vd khd nfing lifin tudng kh&ig ^ d i h^n de ndi hSi nhffaig nhfu di$u ndo dd cOa tdc p h ^ tiii ca, tii§m chf phdi v i ^ din cd nhdng ttilt If "do" - "thyc" ciSa Lfio Td dl If gidi v l Slf chu chuyin cda ti^g tha, cda nh^c difu tha, v.v Td cho ddng cda n ^ ngd hpc m6i lifin hf vdi vdn hpc qua mdi gidi Id nhthig thi lifu cy thl, chdng tdi khdng ddm tiiam gia vdo nhdng cu$c i^fiu luu nhu till d l cfim thy vfin chuong, md muon tilp c|n vdi khdi nifm nh^c difu tha mpt cdch h^n h ^ hon vd sdt tiiyc hon c6 gfing phdt hifn vd phfin tich nhfhig gid fri mT cdm td chhih chdt li$u cda dm thanh tilng ndi dupc thl hifn qua nhOng tdc j^ilm thi ca cy the
1 Hda ph6i fim difu: c a c h l tyc nen n h ^ difu
7& dien thudt n^ vdn hpc [Nxb Gido dye, 2004] cd ghi nhgn thu$t ngO- Nhpc di^u vk v\k "[ ] Y I U t6 h b h thdi v$t chit t90 nfin nhfc difu Id difp fim, (£fp v$n v(A cdc Mnh thdc (h d^ng cilia chung: bfii^ trfic, nhip difu, nifim, d6i, vln, ylu t6 tupng tiianh, ngft difu Qu ldm n ^ h6n cda nh^c difu Id sy lifin tudng cilia to chdc fim vdi cdm gidc fim nh^c (nh^c cdm) hong Idng n^udi" Nhd nghien cdu L^ Todn TMnc c6 vfi '*cl^ lpe" vd rdnh m ^ h hon, cho rSng: "Tho Vift Nam cd dupc nh^c ^ chd ylu ]& nhd vdo did "difu" sau: frudc hit Id dianli difu, sau dd Id vln difu vd nhip ^ ^ u " {L^ Toiin Thine, fr 455]
(2)S l ( ) - S N G d N N G f & B d l S N G
gifi, ti&lg tfa*, ti&ig va chsm, ) hojc ve hhih dnh nilo d6
Co chl de cic yeu t6 ngtt am t^o n€n nll^c di&i 1& "h6a ph6i": phii vkpltoi van (phoi tiing ndi chun^ Hda ph6i c6 hai m$t: m ^ ]& Hip, hai ]k doi "Di^" Ik l$p 1^ nhfhig c&i tutmg d6ng fao$c tirong tvr "mi" 1& t^o s\r tuong b l ^ bao g ^ c i s y chuy&i dSi NfaOng nguygn 11 h6a [ ^ i fim niy khOng nfaQng thich dyng vdl t i ^ g Vl^t, md cihig thich fapp cho nhfing ngdn ngfi thuOc l o ^ falnfa don l^p - fim ti^ tlnh, cd CO cfal don tilt (monosyllabism) mang di$u (sylhibic tone), nhur tilng H&i, ding Lio, v.v Tiliig cd ngudi vilt iling: "Mang d$c dilm don fim, dd dii fim tilt n g ^ ticfa rdi, tilng Vi|t cd uu tfae tlnh n h ^ so vdi cic thii tilng cd nguySn fim, pfay i m It hon, v i khdng cd dianh £ ^ " [Le Thj Bich H&ng Tlnh nhpc cia tha ] Cd till tin d6ng p h ^ nio vdi tic gii nhfing ddng vila din, nhung nlu nght r ^ t i ^ g Vi^ giiu nguySn fim v i phvi fim dil khdng hin di ding, v i cing khdng ding nlu cho ring hi c& ngdn ngfi nio "nghto" nhfing thdr fim niy (die biSt li phy fim) thl se "nghdo" ludn c i tinfa nh(ic trong tfao Tilng Nh$t ching h«n, rit It nguySn fim v i phvi fim, khdng cd di^u nhung cd hpng fim vhfc dnh, tiong ngdn ngfi ni^ chl cd c i thiy 50 fim tilt Nhung al dim bio ring tfao ca Nh$t nghSo nin v l nh(ic digu Vin dl khdng phii li nhilu hay It nguydn fim, phvi im, fim tilt ndi chung, mi chfi yeu dt co chl hda phoi cic don V) fim ngdn ngfi dl t ^ nen nhtu di$u
Ndi din hda ph6i diiu tho ca, trudc hit phii phfin bi|t nhfing ldp tuong dong vi tuong phin h$ thing thaiih di^u cd gii trj m^ cim, thl hi|n chiic ning thi ca Vdi chite ning khu bi|t ngMa cda til don tilt hay ngfi t6, cic diiu li bhih diing vdi (vd: vo; vi, wi vd; v4 vti) Nhung tiong chte i ^ g dii ca, chdng lip diinh cic nfadm, cic ldp kuig khic nhau; Trudc hit, dd li svr dSl lip BSng - lyic Svr dii l|p niy dit CO sd bSn die bung v l diioirg n^r diin biln dd cao cCia digu Nhdm BJIng g ^ cic ATgting v i Oiyin l i nhfing dianh di$u cd dudng ndt bang phing, khdng d&i chilu Nhdm Trie ^ m nhfing difu cdn 1^: Hdi,
Ngd, SSc, Ning (chi tilt hon: vdi fim culi li p, -t, -c, -cA ta cd: S& Nhip v i Ntfng Nhpp) DJc trung fim fapc cda nfadm Tr^ Ii dudng ndt dg cao cd biln chuyin da d^g: ho$c ldn cao, ho$c xuong dilp, hoic uln cao, hoic uln diip Tat c i nhfing str (^1 lip Bing - Trie dd deu di vio im luit cic thl tho, v i cung li co sd fim hgc cda s\r t90 ndn gii trj nhfic cim cho nhfing ddng tho, nhfing khii tho cvi thl Trong qui kfatit, ba dianfa Ngang - Hii - !& li nhdm cic "Bing" cd fim VVIC cao, ba dianh Httyen-Ngd-Ning^tva^ nhdm cic *Trim", cd fim vvrc thip Nhung ngiy nay, d Hi Ngi v i Bic Bd ndi cfaung, Ngd cd kit diuc cao, dll vj tri vdi dianh Mi trong hai diy niy Svr dll lip "Bing - Trim" d hai Bing (Ngang v i Httyen} chl di vio fim luit dll "lyc bit" v i "song dilt Ivic bit", nhung rit cd a i tri chOrc ning tfui nhfu: di^u mpi die tho v i qua dd thl hiSii ning ggi ti ^ biSt cda chdng C&i Bing cua Hin ngfi cung phin blSt "Bong - Trim" nhung chua h i dim (hiong nhfing chftc ning dii ca giing nhu nhu cic Ngang v i Huyln cda tilng V i | t
Ndng d t cda vdn thi ca tilng Vi^t li v ^ oil (vin mSu), nlu khdng tinh dianh dilu nhu di ndi d bSn, thl cd dil hiSp vin v i liy vfin dieo "vin cfahifa" (lip UJ hoin toin) v i "vin didng" Oip lfl khdng faoiii toin) Cic don vj vin cii tilng ViSt lidn h | vdi dieo tftng tilu hS diong: ^ m d (g6m 12 don vj), vin nfta md (20 don vj), vin nfta khdp (vin Uiiip mui, kit fim li -m, -n, -ng -nh - glm 28 don vj) v i vin diyc kfadp (cd kit fim li -p, -t, -c, -ch - glm 28 don vj hrong ftng) [xem: Nguyin Quang Hing, 2012] Svt phfin lip &^ < ^ ^ ^ HAtg vin v i svr hda phm gifla chftng cung li co sd t(U] nSn n h ^ di^u trong dw ca tilng Vift
HiSn tugng cic phy fim diu fim tilt tilng ViSt dugc lip lii cd dil phy bg cho nhfing tilr liy dl td (Qm hhih inh hoic cim xftc nio dd l i diudng diiy tanng dio ca, dd cflng cd dll bk gip mdt vii ttudng fagp dudng nhu liy pfay fim cd liSn quan vdi in higng v l fim dianfa Ching h ^ nhu ttong mdt ciu dio cfta Thl Lfi (bii 'ning trie tttyit vdi):
(3)90 NGdNNGC&BtoSdNG SJ12 (242>-2015 Njtuhdthiu (^ms Iioi eii Iteotnmf
6 diy cd Sm H- lip Uu v i nhd dd ngudl fei cim thiy nhu cd ti^lg gid xao xic Iudt qua Vi sy lip lii mdt lo^t cic fim R- bii hit Nhpc rimg cfta nh^c sT Hoing ViSt cflng dudng nhu cho ta cim nhin dugc tieng suli chiy v i tieng li roi rftng:
Ric rich/rdc rich.: Lir^r^quakliesutSi; Lijtgi /litSi: VetisgkSumt&tman
Tuy nhiSn, hau het cic trudng hgp khic, liy 1^ phy fim diu d cic tilng ciu tho dft thyc svr gdp phin ggi t i hlnh inh (thj giic), nhung khdng t9o nSn nb^c diSu (thinh giic) die biSt cho ciu tho, ching h ^ nhir "DuUtrib^ipQrSnda gt>ilti.\\ DSi tudngl^^^g^ dim l:dng"(Th0>fit Kiiu • Nguyin Du), hofc nlnr "Nhiing tuong runriv runerinhli \\DdtnltdnhkhOg^xutmgmdngmanif' (Diy miia thu t&i - Xuin DiSu) Diy li hiSn tugng dugc ggi l i "dii ttung hfiu hga", khic biSt vdi "dli hfiu nh^" BJnh ring "hga" v i "nh^" cd the dugc 11^ tudng qua I9I vdi trong cim diy thi ca, song chftng kfadng phii li mdt, v i phin tich khoa hgc li phii t ^ thdi trftu xuit chftng riSng ra, ngS hiu trinh dugc lli bhih tin nhip nhing, "cii ng xg cil Ida" Ciu chuySn mi chftng tdi muln trinfa biy ft diy cfainh li khia c^nh "thi trung hfiu nh^", li nhpc diiu cfta tho tilng ViSt
c i n Iuu ^ ring cic tft lip liy, dd cd nhfing tilr lip Iiy "tugng dianh" (idim Hmg doin^ lich tich, IfKh i^ich, 1^ Odp, t^ d^, om thdm, r^ rinh, rtrdo, nknSch, r^rit, s&ns^, Idchtdch, lluio, thim tH, thinh thdl, dlidi, xi^tinh, v.v.) lit cd gii tij chftc ning ggi ti nl^u; diSu cfta ciu tho, cMnh li di dugc t ^ theo co chl fada pfaii fim diSu (kl c i im diii, vin v i diSu), diln trong mdt khudn nhd nhit (tl hgp song tilt) vi mang gii tT[ bilu cim rS rSt nhit tiong tilng ViSt BSn ciuih fit "higng tiianh", tilng Vi|t cdn cd lit nhllu tilr lip liy "higng hhih" (nhu: cM chang, dSydd,dot^ dua, sS sing, g^gd, iao dao, t^ tde, long tanh, l^ linh, h dia, hing Iidng, sdng sinh, sdng suat, rim rfp, rur^ rinh, ryv r&, ulp n^, twig Ong, x^ xde, v v.) Vai trd cfta tft liy "higng fahifa" li t ^ nSn fahih inh, cfaft khdng t{U) nSn im dianh, mic dft c i hai: "tugng thanh" v i "higng hhih" diu cd ning ggi cim nfait djnfa Cd m$t ciu dio rit d ^ bong rit nfailu ciu dio d ^
cfta Thjyin Kieu: '^La tha ta liiu tmdng minh \\ Con oanh hpc nil tren canh mia mai " Chilu theo chfi Ndm nguyen vin (bin Duy Mmh Thj - 1872, bin Lilu Vin Dudng - 1871 vi 1876) dll tft liy Itr Iha cung cd till dgc li /un thua Nhung khdng mdt nhi Kilu hgc nio khdng chgn dgc kr tha Li 191 Iim viy? Li vl ngay sau hai tilng /a r/ur dS sin cd fim la, I$p diiiih m$t diy liy Uu vin ãô', khiln la "liy n^di" tit la tha ik giSp phin "khulcfa buong" cii hlnh inh vln cd cfta tft Iiy "tugng hlnh" la tha N I U chgn dgc lua thua thl khdng d^t dugc hiSu qui niy, Cil co chl niy cflng ip dyng cho cic tft liy "tugng thanh", nhd dd tilng nfa^c cia ciu tho dugc "cdng hudng" Tuy nhiSn, vdi cfiu dio di din d diy cfta Nguyin Dii, ta chl cd hlnh inh, chft khdng cd im thanh, mic dft ddng dudi cd ndi din tilng chim hdt **mla mar (chft khdng phii rA>r^ buy Ihinh Ihit ching h^)
Dudi (My chftng ta tiift xem x6t sy hda phli im diSu s6 tfO nSn nhfing hiSu qui nh^ diSu sao bSn mdt s l dd liSu tieng V i | t
2 Hda phli tm di|u v i of hii hda lm hwVngciuthQr
Hda phli fim diSu bon^ flio bmic hit li nhim bio dim svr hii fada, cfin bang v i nfajp nhing cho ciu dio Mli till dxrcd fim lu$t cfta nd, vi ngudi lim ttio pRii cfin nhic sft dyng fim diSu ttieo co chl hda phli nhit djnh dl bio dim fim hudng riSng cfta tftng dil ttio Nhfing h i ^ tirgng gpi li "khd ddc" (khd dgc) hay "ngang tai", "bftc bic" chinh Ii da vi p h ^ nhu clu dd v l n h ^ diSu cfiu ttio
Cd m|t cfiu taong Thiyin Kieu cfta Nguyin Du, ttieo nguySn vin chfi Ndm (bin Lilu VSn Dudng, l&71)phiidgcnfausau:
THh ins&icicon dao: Giiu dm ning di gdiviodokhin
(4)" S6 12 (242)-201S N G d N N G C & Bin S O N G 91
m$t im khic cd Ngang (Bing), dftng tiieo luit cua dio lyc bit (7>^ii xia sin cd dao), vi nhu viy im diSu ddng tho sS nhjp nhing, Sm tai hon V l sau (bin Ki£i Oinh Miu, 1902), cy Gii Son dftt khoit chfia chfi Hin % dn ttiinh chfi Myen, v i ciu tho nghilm nhiSm dftng v6i im luit lyc bit, khdi cin phii din gi nfia Mri chfia chfi io tfainh chfi chio cho thdng nglda hon: ^'Dvnyin sSn c6 tiao Gidu cdm ning dd gii vio chio khin"
Mdt trudng luTp khic, cflng d Tho^n Kiiu, xiy V(5ri ciu "lyc" nhu sau:
Mi^^cichtivittlnhtlidn MdinfftdimSivi muiiphinvfnmudi Nlu ngit nhjp bhih tfaudng ttieo ciu bftc nfajp diSu /2 /2 dll ciu tfao niy cflng p f a ^ lyit "nhj tft lyc phin mmh" nhu A tita Nfaung Ididng, ddng ttio niy khdng n ^ nhjp chSn, mi ngfit lim ddl dieo ciu tiftc nhip IS 3/3 (mdt biln ttil vl ngit nhip mi luit dio lyc bit chip nhin) : Mai cdt oicA / Ao<^( (ftiA r/uk Vdi ciu bftc nhjp diSu "dio phich" niy, ciu tfao biln thinh m$t ciu tilu ^ , chfl n g ^ v i fim dli ehan chit ttieo tftng vj tii mdt tfio nSn mOt im diSu cin dli, hii hda
Trong ttii ca ttidi bung d^, cd bit ^ nhflng budng hgp, vl dl cho ciu ttio phft hgp vdi fim luit till dio, tic gii di phii tfun dftng ttianh Binjg ttiay cho Tiic, ttianh Bing ttiay cho Trim, hoic ngugc 1^:
Ttong Vital Nam ngfi ivc
Die ning th^sSai hay Conhtfytud^maijtgm \os^\sel3k Tn^4n Kieu cflng cd tiudng hgp tuong tvr:
Dmh ninh mit giat ch^ thu C&ngir&itimt!^[tt>i\,dua0nhinnhe Cd nhfing bii lyc bit nhi dio Bftt Tre sing tic dieo lli chuyin dli diSu cho hgp vdi fim hiit cfta till ttKn
-Oli sang cdng tic bdo ldng CSngldcdngvticCiSchaMgbmtieitfiiocho - liln hoan d mit nii Ad/[chuli],
Ravinhimliciliaii9xiS\h6mncy Qui ttiit nlu khdng "t?m dgc" nhu viy mi cft dgc dftng vdi diSu cfta miy tft ngfi iy dll til chl cd nhftng ciu vin xudi d diy ttlSi, chft liy diu i m hudng cfta ttio lyc b i t Nhung mdt l(hi cii "sft bilu" (signifier) di chuyin dli nhu
viy rSi, dd cii "sd eU" (simified) cua miy tilr ng^ dd 1^ bj xuySn t ^ (ISn mftc ngudi dgc khdng nhjn dugc cudi, v i diy mdi chhih Ii chft dich cfta nhi tho vui tinh niy
Nhilu khi, c i nhfing vj tri dugc ty Ivra chgn tfaanh diSu, nfai ^ ciing td nh^y cim chgn niy mi khdng chgn khic Xin dgc mdt ttio bii Tir^ biit hdnh cfta Tfaim Tfim v i quan sit nfafing tfaanh Huyln (Bing di^) dit c^nh Ngang (Bing cao):
Dua Bgjsdita Uidng dua qua sdng Sao odtiStg sdng dtrong ldng Ningvdnglhdngth&n khdn^vingvat Sao d^bg^tghin mit Ngoii chuySn tho niy cic vin -ong, -ong Xky I^i nhilu lin, tfo cim giic luyin liy xin XBng, cdn cd hiSn tugng dftng Huyln d ciu v i ciu mdt diy nhihig thanh Ngang nli ttieo sau V i hiSu ()ui li fim faudng cfta ciu ttio v i c i ttio nghe lit dju ding, Sm tai hj Toin Tfaing tftng dift ttiay Dua ngudiX^itigDuaai.vkhoinghdnbinQmA'trdi, khdng p f a ^ "luit djnh", nhung cim diiy fim hudng cfta hai cfiu tho "cil biSn" niy cd vd du duong; nhung nghe khdng Sm il mi ngang tai, vi thiiu di mdt syr cin bing, hii hda cin thiet [L^ Toin Thing, b 468]
"Khdng" v i "ching" li ding nghta, nhung mgt li bfing, m$t l i trie, chftng phil dugc dua vio ciu tho cfta Vfl Cao (bii JViW dot) cho thich hgp, nfau tic gii chgn Ivra:
Mdy nim cd iy Idm chi ktch KluSnf Ijldu vl chine iiy ching (Nlu Ididng sip xip nhu viy mi ngugc 1^, ta sS cd mdt ciu rat ngang tai: • "Miy nim cd iy lim iu Udi Ching hiiu vi khdng liy ching I)
(5)92 N G N N G C & B(n S N G S 12 (242)-2015
huyln, till Idm san bfing nhu dupc?" Vd dng dl nghj dpc:
N^ienh ngang mQt cdi l)iin ddiy, Kim chicd qua, kem ^ bd vuang Chit khdng nen dpc: Kem £J cd qua, kdm gi bd vuong Cung khdng nen dpc: "Tuong ^ Id giSng hdi tanif, md nSn dpc Id 'Tudng chi " R5 rdng Id Ivm d i ^ cda nhd Iho Xufin Di$u dfi dem l^i mdt fim hiidng hdi hda vd nh^ nhdng hon cho cfiu tfao Song dhig cd thl ng}^ khdc vdi trudng hpp cfiu "TuSng gi Id giSng hdi tadi*, nlu ta dong cfim hon vdi tfim tr^ng Thdy Kilu, khi t ^ thfin ngdn vdng cda ndng b) Mfi Gidm Sinh chd d ^ vd ndng khdng n ^ dupc nSi cfim tdc, khmh bl d6i vdi g$ ddn dng dung tyc vd tiiSp k6m "Tu^r^ gt^ nghe cd vd chl chilt n$ng nl hon, chd khdng tiianh thofit nh? nhdng nhu Id "TWng cAf" (Cdch cdm thy ndy l i ^ quan vdi nhflng ^ s3 ndi tdi d myc dudi dfiy)
3 Hda phli fim di^u t^o nfin hlnh tupng fim nh^c
Hlnh tupng fim nh^c Id cdi dupc gpi Ifin, dupc cdm nli(ln nhu m$t giai di$u, m^t fim hudng ndo diy, td chhih blnh d i ^ fim tiianh cda cfiu tho hay kh6 tha, chd khdn^ phdi dan gidn Id mQt cdch so sdnh vi von Chfing hfui, ta khdng ''nghe" dupc nhQng tilng ddn cda Thdy Kilu Nguyin Du vilt: "livng nhu tiing hpc bay gua\\ D{ic nhu nudc sudi mdi sa nda vdi" Dfiy diyc chl Id cdch chuyin sy cdm thy tilng ddn td k€nh thhih gidc sang kfinh th} gidc Nhung vdn hai tilng sam sdp cfiu "TUng mau smns^ nhu trdi dd mua" titi ta thyc sy nghe th&y fim tiianh cua mua n$ng h^t dang tdi tdp din d||) vang ldn ben tai ta M ^ s6 hhih tupng fim nh^c tuong ty cd till cfim n h ^ dupc ta dpc nhflng cau tha khdc cflng cda Dvy^n Kiiu:
-SdKhanh thit mdn^diing^aig Budc vio viia ri^ lhi hitng tav - Ti$c hdy thudt^tud^ khao binh, Om thdm Irdns trdn rdp rinh nhac qudn -Hdabditi^l^n^mau
Nam dinh n^^tg trdng chdu d^doaih Vdi cfiu tiia cu6i cdng vda din, In tupng rd n^ v l tilng trdng dilu trim hdng md vang d^i dupc g ^ Idn khdng hfin Id l^p l^i nhthig fim £) nhilu lin {dinh, ddng dpi), md chhih Id nhd cd sy phy hpa cda nhthig tilng cd vln -dng
{ddng trong), cda nhthig tiianh di$u cd fim vyc tfiip Huyln vd N$ng (dHnh - chdu d^ng - dpi) t^ondn
Sau dfiy chdng ta hfiy quan sdt mpt s6 trudng hpp dd sy hda phoi fim di$u dfi t^o n£n nhflng hhih tupng fim n h ^ rit di$u Id Trudc hit dd Id miy c$p tiiit ngdn tiong hid Nhf ho (1938) cda Xufin Di$u [xem: Thi nhdn Vi4t Nam, h 123]:
KM trdi quarA tdi ldm bdng ta KMtrdt quanh^ldm ba^dta
Hai cfiu tha song hdnh cdng nhau, hiu nhu l$p l$i hodn todn cd v l di$u, cd vl tilng (fim tilt) Nhu fim nh^c, hai ddng tiio "d6ng tiianh d6ng fim" ndy diSn tiieo thfri gian, ^ ta hlnh dung nhu dang nghe hai cfiu n h ^ ndo diy cd cdng di^u thdc
Nhthig hlnh tupng fim nh^c tuong ty nhu till ctbig gqn Idn td nhieu ddng tiia sdng ddi vdi nhau hong bdi tiia 7Ji> dd cda Bich Khfi, mQt W tiia Idil, mSi kh6 c&i, chl ddng todn tiianh Blbig vd gieo vln B k g Nhu (hich kh6 3):
Cdy ddn ySuduar^ ldm bing tha D^cUBtySuduangrwi ma HdnvitrinmdikSu: Email Thuyen hdn khdngdi lin chd vai Hay nhu:
Oh^budnvuar^ cdy f^d ddng yimgrai,vitt^raidmmMimdng
Cflng bdi Nl4 hd, ta l{u g$p mQt c$p tiilt ngdn noi tilng nihi v l gid tq gpi td Itinh tupng fim n h ^ tuong dng v<H tilng ddn nhi h6 g^m cd hai dfiy; mQt dfiy cao (thanh Ngang: la la la vd mQt dfiy tiil^ (tiianh Huyln: rl rl rl ) dfiv fim lu$t "BSng - Tr&c" hodn todn bj tiiay the bdi dli l$p "Bong - Trim" cda nhdm Bfing:
Suang nucmg theo trdng ngiiTig lung trdi Tuang tu ndng ldng lin chai vai
Xin dupe luu ^ rfing nhthig cfiu thd tren dfiy diu r4t gidu nh^c cdm, mic dd d dd chl cd hai tiianh Ngang vd H i ^ hda phli vdi nhau, chd dfiu cd d u vipn dm Id hit cdc <fi$u khdc nfla tatmg tieng ViQt Cho nfin, sy "gidu tiianh diQu" hong tiliig Vi^ khdng h&a Id nhfin t l q i ^ djnh cho "tliA nh9c" cda dia ViQt
(6)!- So 12 (242)-2015 N G N N G f & D d l S N G 9
trong kfai tho sau dSyd bii Em Ba Lai cfta T I H O U :
Emai,BaLanmtiatuyittan
Dwdngbach limng suong tring ning trdn Anh a nghe tiing ddn xuin ^ CangdnnSm: BaLan, BaLan
Nghe nhu cd tilng din duong cim ngfin vang tit nhftng kfaudn vin-on dugc lip lfi suot khi tfao (Ba Lan, tan, trin, din, ngin, Ba Lan BaLan!)
m y dgc bil ca dao sau diy, ta sS n ^ thiy tilng chim khich kSu, dugc td dim bdi nhftng tilng cd vin -dch liy 1^ USn tilp tinng bin ciu tho liln, nhu bio tin cho dd dang thic ttidm mong chd ngudi ttiin:
Sdm mat em ngii bin vich Emriaciitr^i, EmngheconthimUiidi,
NdkSu chl cha chichi^ lidn but tre gtd Khich ail Cd phdi Uidch bio tin ngudi ban iudng xa
Diem trdi chiiu, ^u& nhd cho nd tinh tuam Cd ciu ca dao ring:
Ngudl xinh cit bdng cting xinh Tdi 1^ nghe diiy m|t dj bin khic: Ngudixinh cH ndn cOngxtnh Nf^ ttnh nii tbih inh tinh dine tinh Ci hai phiSn bin diu "tl nhj" trinfa ggi tSn cii gl dd ciu "bit", m i dua vio diy ba nit nhjc dl ttiay dil (tinh, linh, linh) Tdi ttiich phiSn bin sau hon chftt xlu, vl d diy ciu "Ivic" l i ndi vS xuih d^p cfta ning kfailn chile ndn ning ddi diu (hay cim tay) cflng "ttiom" liy Cdn ciu "bir khdng cin ndi v l vS d?p nfta, mi chft j ndi vl "cii tinh" cfta ning, dft ring chftng ta cung khd doin chic "cdi dnh tinh tinh" cfta ning li cii ^ viy V i Ifu, d dj bin niy cdn cd them hai tilng tin* nfta, mdt budc mdt sau, "tiln fad hiu ftn^ dim cho ba tilng tinh tinh tlnh d gifta dugc nil bit hon ISn
4 Hda phli i m dl^u v i g ^ t i flnh f Nh^c cim li mdt khia cfuih tinh vi ttiudng ttiftc ttio ca Nhilu Ivra chgn dit mdt thanh diSu n i o d d v i o v j b i niy faay v j b i k l a trong ciu tho, nhi tho chin til thudng dugc n h ^ cim chl bio Cdn ngudi diudng ttiftc ttil cflng phii nhsiy cim nfau tfil, hoic phii dvmg cdng phin tich mdi tfiiy Chit IiSu im dianh dd
cd thl phit huy kfai ning ggi ti nlu cfaftng dugc 1)6 trf vio mdt khung cinh ngft nghia phft hgp L{u din mdt ciu Ivic cfta Nguyin Du mi thc^ nhin li ph^m luit "nhj tft IVIC phin minh" d tilng thft hai Dd li do^n Ho^n Thu day nghiln IfaftyKlIu:
liiu thuvdin?! lining: "Cudc VUl gfy Ihic doan tFii^4ydii?
SaodOisbiit^ti^
Cho clilaig imin bi tdl tH tai nguail" • Chfl chdng bong ciu thft ba li ph^m luit Bing-Tric Vdi trudng hgp niy, ^ cftu vin dnh hlnh, cd thl 1^ ngit cfiu hfc cd cfaft ch&lg lim ddi diinfa hai nfajp / 3: 5ix> c/a^g dj/r/j^ n^ gi Nfaung cflng cd till xft 11 dieo cich khic: difta nhin cd svr phi cich vl fim lu$t v i vln ghi' ciu trftc nhjp diSu bfatti diudng / / (Sao cA^f// diefy ftrgO, dl td ^ ling diy l i ndi ttieo gigng thd l3 "dfti dftc" cfta Ho^n Thu, nghe cft nhu dim vio tai viy ThSm nfla, d diy cd bin tfianh bic liln nhau, die biSt Ii l a sic vftt ISn, khiln gigng mvi nghe chii git, die thS chft khdng Sm dim im ip chftt nio
Nhi tho Xuin DiSu tftng tfim s ^ "Ndi chung, dio cin phii Sm tai Tuy nlilSn, cd taim n^ib cich Sm tai, lit sudi dine, biln hda, chft chiiig phil Iftc nio cflng phii bocyc cic fim trie bing ning nhf, dau huyln vdi khdng cd diu cho dilu hda nggt tai dieo mdt kilu quen tiu dl dii" Nhi ttio din hai ciu tho Ndm cfta NgiQ>ln Ttii mi dng ySu ttiich:
(7)N G N N G C & B(n S N G S 12 (242)-2015
vd diu n$ng vdo diy thl dye ^ dd Id c$p m ^ cd d dudi difin ! "Con mSt xanh" ddng trfic md d$t bfing, till sfiu tiifim tiifim, cdi sfiu cda uu di, cda tfim h6n" pCufin DiQu C^ng vi0c ldm tha, tr 27-28]
cdng cfin nhfic ve Ngang vd Huyln chi vd gi, nhung tnidng hpp sau dfiy, nhd tha Xufin DiQu khdng chl cot cho "toi nghe h w hon", md cdn chd ^ din khfi nfing gpi td ve thto xdc my Td Bd: " nlu dpc I d ^ n gi thl cd tdi ba diu huyln d nhflng vj Xd qud nfing n l ; "An chi cao ldn dSy dd ldm sao", v l phin diy dd cda mu Td Bd thl cd hfu diu huyln dk n$ng xulng; v l phin cao ldn cda my iy, thl may tilng dn chi cao ldn ldm elm m{t <hng ddng phdn ndo " [Cdng vi^c ldm tha, ti- 228]
Trong m l i lidn tudng td thinh gidc sang thj gidc, ta cd thl dpc do9n tha Nguyin Du md td hlnh dtog cao to vd bQ vQ cda Td Hdi qua cdch hda phli htog Io;it fim tilt mang huyln, md phin ldn diu rai vto culi nhjp Id vj trf m ^ clu true nhip d>Qu cda tha lyc ^ :
Rdu fdon /hdm inJmiiy ng^ y^ ndm/tdc rdngj/thdn mudi/thudc cao DudngAidng/mdt^ng anhhdo Cdn quyin/han sdcJ/luac thao/gdm tdl Ddi pdi/dq) ddt/dddi
Horn/ten Hdi/vdn r^udi/Viit Ddng Giang hS/quai thd/vdy •viing Guam ddn/nua gdnh.//non sdng/mdl chio Vd Tto Dd, bit chip sy hdi hda bfing b i c tdng cfiu d tha that ngdn theo "lu^t djnh", dng dfi vilt v l tfim trfuig vd hdnh tung cda mQt khdch v t o chuang nhu sau:
Tdi cao ohdn thdo chl udt Giang ho mi chai quin qui huang Ddng trdn don d^p nhflng h:^c, d$c biQt chfl culi ddng liSn tyc nhflng Sfic vut ldn cao, d6n n£n, nhu tinh than, ^ chi bj o £p, cfiu thdc, khdng bung dupc Thl ngupc l9i, ddng dudi trdi ddi mQt m^ch nhdng Btog phy hpa cho hdnh vi ty Iang b^t nai tha huong cda k£ "bit dfic chl" dd
Tha Ho Chf Minh cihig cd mQt cfiu dfic siic trong bdi Cdnh kht^a v l cdch sd dyng diQu:
Tiing sudi nhu tier^hdtxa
TySnglSngcddm bdnglSnghoa Cfiu bdn gpi v i fim tiianh, cfiu dudi t d v l hhih dnh Cto tr€n cd tdi tiianh Sfic vd tiianh Ngang, diu Id nhthig cd fim vyc cao, gpi Ien mpt fim hudng bay b6ng, trdo
Luu Tipng L u nhd tha "slu ryng" tiidi " t i ^ chiln" nli tilng vdi bdi Tieng thu gito nh^c <£Qu:
Em khdng nghe miia thu Duditrdngmdthdn thuc Emkhdr^n^rgoruc Hbihdnhkidimhpfm 7>t»lg ldng nfftdi cdphu Em khdng nghe rikng dtu Lddmkeu xdoxgc Ctm nalvdng%ga ngdc D^ trin id vdng khd
Trong bdi tha tiiyc chi cd mQt td "tupng tiianh" xdo xpc d l md td tilng chto nai d ^ Ifin U vtog khd.HNhung dd khdng phdi Id ch5 diQu kl cda n h ^ tfnh bdi tiia moi giao hda vdi t&n ti^ng u buon cda thi st d dfiy cd tieng thu dupc ^ l{u, ti^g d V) tri gieo VIIL Vin cdi -u cdn dupc tdi hiQn tilng D/r{f vdi d i ^ trim ntog hon Am sfic cda van -u Id "trim, tli", mQt (Ihrpc nhan ldy nhu vfiy, nd sS td d$m mQt cdm gito u buln, md mjt dio bdi tho
Huy Cfin cflng Id mQt "nhd tiia buln" tiidi "tiln child", dng tiiudng td noi buln vdi hlnh dnh ngudi nhd nhoi gjGa khdng gian tihh Itog hao la Nhung trcmg kho tha s w dfiy d bdi Thu rimg, Huy Cto dfi gfip gd Thl Lfl d tilng nh^c buon epi Idn td nhflng vln -u miy tilng^eo van culi ddng tha:
Bdng dimg buSnbd khdng gitm M^tx^lOngdi^ gidng mdn dm u Nai cao gdt ldn mil Xu6ngrvngneodtudc.rd^dfumdivi Ta cdn nhd bfii tiio Ddi tem n^ h^p, thi sT thdi "tien chlln" Vfl Hotog Chuoi^ g$m nhim nSi buln ddm mua gitb mQt cto phdng tli tfim vd chfit h ^ , tu ldng - dupc md tfi bdi nhihig tilng cd van bfic vd kit fim tfic kh6p:
GK! liia dbt gdc j ^