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1 If + S + V(HTĐ), S + V (HTĐ) Chân lý, thật hiển nhiên Type If you don’t eat, you are hungry If + S + V(HTĐ), S + will/ can/ may +V-INF Giả định điều CÓ THỂ XẢY RA HIỆN TẠI TƯƠNG LAI Type If I meet him tomorrow, I will tell him about the truth If + S + V(QKĐ), S + would/ could/ might +V-INF Type Giả định điều TRÁI với việc HIỆN TẠI If I were you, I would go to the dentist (Lưu ý: MĐ IF, động từ tobe chủ ngữ she/ he/ I “were” If + S + had (not) + V3/ed, S + would/ could/ might + have + V3/ed Type Giả định điều TRÁI với việc QUÁ KHỨ If it hadn’t rained yesterday, we would have gone swimming If + S + had (not) + V3/ed, S + would/ could/ might + V-INF Nguyên nhân khứ dẫn tới kết (MĐ if: nguyên nhân, MĐ chính: kết - thường với NOW) If it hadn’t got wet yesterday, we wouldn’t be sick now mixed CÔNG THỨC CHUNG ACTIVE: PASSIVE: S+V +O S + be + V3/ed + by O SIMPLE (PRESENT, PAST) – HIỆN TẠI/ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN PASSIVE: S + tobe + V3/ed + by O E.g: Mary studies English every day English is studied by Mary every day He wrote a letter yesterday A letter was written yesterday CONTINUOUS (PRESENT, PAST) – HIỆN TẠI/ QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN PASSIVE: S + tobe + being + V3/ed + by O E.g: He is planting some trees now Some trees are being planted now They were repairing their car at 9am yesterday Their car was being repaired at 9am yesterday PERFECT (PRESENT, PAST) – HIỆN TẠI/ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH PASSIVE: S + have/ has/ had + been + V3/ed + by O E.g: They have sent that money to the poor families That money has been sent to the poor families She has read those books for times Those books have been read for times Mr Trung had used the computer before he met you The computer had been used by Mr Trung before he met you PERFECT CONTINUOUS (PRESENT/ PAST) - HIỆN TẠI/ QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN PASSIVE: E.g: S + have/ has/ had + been + being + V3/ed + by O John has been repairing this car for hours This car has been being repaired by John for hours I have been repairing my watches for more than hours My watches have been being repairing for more than hours I had been typing the essay for hours before I went out with my friends The essay had been being typed for hours before I went out with my friends MODAL VERBS (WILL, MUST, HAVE/HAS/HAD TO, MAY, MIGHT, SHOULD, SHALL, WOULD, CAN, COULD); TOBE GOING TO; USED TO PASSIVE: E.g: S + modal verb/ tobe going to/ used to + be + V3/ed + by O All his friends will meet him at the airport tomorrow He will be met at the airpot by all his friends tomorrow She is going to send you the contracts tonight You are going to be sent the contracts tonight We must finish our homework before 9pm Our homework must be finished before 9pm 4.He used to teach the children in that village The children in that village used to be taught English WORDS/ PHRASES INDICATING CAUSES - EFFECTS TỪ/ CỤM TỪ CHỈ NGUYÊN NHÂN- HẬU QUẢ REVIEW Choose the letter A, B, C or D the word that has the underlined part different from others A visual B state C scatter D scenic A billboard B symbolize C icon D mudslide A pollutant B contaminated C evacuate D waste A polluted B died C flooded D evacuated A pollutes B lakes C causes D evacuates Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others A injure B shelter C erupt D accent A property B tsunami C hurricane D natural A medical B emergency C official D pollution A evacuate B temporary C technology D photography A evacuation B poinsonous C archaeology D environmental Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences Air is causing many environmental problems in our cities today A pollute B pollution C polluting D polluted If you can speak English, you able to go to Canada A will be B will C were D are 3.The road in front of my office is always when it rains heavily A to flood B flooding C flood D flooded Singapore is famous for its and green trees A cleanliness B cleanly C cleaning D clean C came D will come After I in the room, she left A come B had come This is one of the worst volcanic in this year A eruptio B erupt C erupting D eruptive The roof of the building in a storm a few days ago A has beendamaged B was damaged C has damaged D damaged In some English speaking countries, turkey is food at Christmas A national B historical C traditional D possible The teachers show me how to the environment A protect B write C make D recycle 10 The last typhoon resulted _ terrible loss of lives A in B on C for D of 11 English is the _ language of many countries such as the US, the UK, and Australia A international B usual C popular D official 12 Poisonous _ from factories can kill a lot of wildlife animals A things B animals C chemicals D nations 13 People in the flooded area have _ to a safer place A evacuating B been evacuated C evacuated D evacuate C No, thanks D Not at all 14 Would you mind opening the door? A Yes, I would B No, I wouldn't 15 When the policeman came to the scene, the driver of the car A have left B had left C leaves D was left Put the verbs in the blanket into the correct form The pollution water results in the _ of many aquatic animals and plants My friend and I are going to give a presentation about our problems Both Chinese and English are languages in Vietnam People should become familiar with the guidelines for because natural disasters can force them to leave their homes Natural disasters can be very (DIE) (ENVIRONMENT) (OFFICIAL) (EVACUATE) (DESTROY) Read the passage and choose the correct answer Ha Tinh is a disaster-prone province in the central of Viet Nam Since the beginning of 2015, this province has experienced three massive floods, causing devastating property damage The floods razed thousands of homes, damaged numerous irrigation works, roads, schools and healthcare centres Ms Nga Tran, a local resident, recalled the last flood, “The flood in June was normal, but the one in September was awful Water from Ngan Pho River began to submerge the floor, while outside it was still raining heavily After a while the water was about one meter I had no choice but to climb up to the attic and stay there for two days.” Like many other residents, all of Ms Nga’s furniture was covered in mud, some was completely damaged for having been soaked in the water for too long But what worried her most was the loss of her rice crop Three months after the flood, lots of farmers still struggled with finding enough food to eat If there is no aid from the government, the situation in this province will get worse What does disaster-prone mean? A having no disasters B likely to have disasters C have very few disasters What is NOT mentioned as consequences from the floods? A loss of life B loss of property C loss of crop When was the flood as recalled by Ms Nga Tran? A January B June C September How long did Ms Nga Tran stay in her attic? A for the whole week B two days C three months What is the biggest worry of Ms Nga and other residents? A lack of food B lack of accommodation C lack of aid Choose the letter A, B, C or D to complete the passage below Water pollution happens (1) toxic substances enter water bodies such as lakes, rivers, oceans and so on, getting dissolved in them, lying suspended in the water or depositing on the bed This degrades the quality of water Not (2) does this spell disaster for aquatic ecosystems, the pollutants also seep through and reach the groundwater, which might end up in our households as contaminated water we use in our daily activities, including drinking Water pollution can be (3) in a number of ways, one of the most polluting being city sewage and industrial waste discharge Indirect sources (4) water pollution include contaminants that enter the water supply from soils or groundwater systems and from the atmosphere via rain Soils and groundwater contain (5) residue of human agricultural practices and also improperly disposed of industrial wastes Pollutants can be of varying kinds: organic, inorganic, radioactive and so on In fact, the list of possible water contaminants is just too vast to be listed here A what B when C why D while A both B only C well D either A cause B caused C causing D causes A of B in C at D for A a B an C the D x Rewrite the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning with the first one Air pollution can cause breathing problems Breathing _ Study hard or you won’t pass the exam If Write full sentences using the suggested words and phrases (1pt) If/ I/ be/ you/ I/ buy/ that house The last/ time/ he/ speak/ his father/ be/ two months ago THE END -REVIEW I Choose the word that has underlined part pronounced differently from the rest A icon B visual C scenic D disaster A flood B typhoon C kangaroo D foot A parade B rage C earthquake D climate A source B visit C castle D station A dead B health C great D heavy II Choose the word that has different stress pattern A paradise B exhibit C invention D excursion A medical B natural C kangaroo D visitor A volcanic B refugee C contaminate D tsunami A evacuate B emergency C biography D economic A rescue B damage C collapse D illustrate III Choose the best answer a, b, c or d to complete the sentence Air pollution has many effects _ the environment and living organisms A in B of C for D on The volcano has erupted approximately once every ten years _ 1970 A since B in C from D for After a severe storm, there is often _ along the shore that will need to be removed A waste B debris C lava D junk In the 1980s, acid rain _ widespread damage to forests in the areas A made of B resulted in C led for D caused by _ plastic takes so long to break down, it pollutes the land and water A Even though B While C Since D Because of If I had the chance to take part in an International summer camp, I _ very excited A am B was C will be D would be _ earthquakes usually last? - Less than one minute A How strong B How long C How often D How far Niagara Falls is a great natural _ on the border of the USA and Canada A castle B loch C spectacle D Symbol The 2010 Haiti earthquake was the most _ natural disaster in the history of this country A destructive B permanent C unique D awesome 10 “A hurricane is heading toward our home town.” - “ _” A That’s a relief B How interesting! C Glad to hear D Oh my God! 11 The earthquake caused damage _ property estimated at $6 million A for B with C on D to 12 The _ picked up the car and threw it 100 meters into the air That’s an incredibly strong wind! A volcanic eruption B tornado C landslide D typhoon 13 having two official languages, Canada has the third largest English-speaking population A Despite B Because C Due to D Even though 14 The inhabitants of Scotland are called A Scotlanders B Scotlish C Scots D Scotchs 15 The levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere have risen the burning of fossil fuels A therefore B because C in spite of D due to IV Choose the underlined word or phrase, A, B, c or D that needs correcting A heatwave can lead in widespread drought and increase the risk of wildfires A B C D Homeless people may be offered temporary accomodation by the council A B C D The Sydney Opera House is a symbolize for not only a City, but a whole country and continent A B C D Noise pollution is thought having less damage to humans than water or air pollution A B C D If people keep cutting down trees and they wipe out forests, there will be more floods A B C D Have you come home before the tornado touched down this afternoon? A B C D The timetable shows that the next bus will leave in ten minutes A B C D Since the volcano last erupted, many houses have built on its slopes A B C D Despite of their usefulness, pesticides could pose potential risks to food safety A B C D 10 If people didn’t use cars, there will be much less pollution A B C D V Write the correct tense or form of the verbs in brackets Alex (not do) the gardening before it started raining The amount of plastic in the ocean (increase) if we (not take) action now Outdoor air pollution (cause) more than million deaths a year There (be) more than 80,000 wildfires so far this year What would you if you (catch) in a hurricane’s path? By the time Hurricane Gilbert (hit) Mexico it (change) characteristics Heavy rains (lash) the coast of Orissa and Andhra Pradesh in 2013 In the early morning hours, tornado warnings (issue) for storms in Oklahoma Water pollution makes aquatic plants and animals (die) 10 Survivors said that many people managed (escape), but they could not run away fast enough VI Supply the correct form of the words in brackets A natural disaster can cause of life or property (LOSE) damage Human greenhouse gas emissions are causing (GLOBE) warming Kangaroos and koalas are only to Australia (NATION) Hurricane Katrina was one of the hurricanes ever (DEAD) to hit the United States Filters not remove all from water (CONTAMINATE) Freak tornado leaves trail of in its wake (DESTROY) appeal to the government to enact laws to stop (ENVIRONMENT) factories from discharging toxic chemicals into the sea Toxic pollution is contaminated water, soil, and air that is (POISON) Pollution kills more people than both war and (VIOLENT) 10 English is the most widely language worldwide, (SPEAK) with 1.5 billion speakers 11 It’s evidence that this ocean is clean and environmentally (POLLUTE) 12 Diseases are primarily due to food and air (CONTAMINATE) 13 While some Chemicals may be harmless others can cause (DAMAGE) 14 Life expectancy has gone down due to diseases (DIE) caused by air pollution 15 In remote regions, the air is pure and the crops are free of (POISON) insecticides 16 Some scientists warn that light damages people (POLLUTE) and animals 17 Many Chemicals have a effect on the environment (DAMAGE) 18 The dumping of sewage into the sea is a source of (TREAT) ocean pollution 19 A is a substance that makes something dirty, (CONTAMINATE) polluted, or poisonous 20 Water pollution can lead to the of aquatic plants (DIE) and animals 21 As an why you oppose banning plastic bags? (ENVIRONMENT) 22 The radiation leak has had a effect on the (DISASTER) environment 23 The water supply is being tested for (CONTAMINATE) 24 men don’t wear a skirt but rather a kilt, a product (SCOTLAND) of the Gaelic heritage 25 It is claimed that the were the first discoverers of (PORTUGAL) Australia 26 Flags nations, not languages (SYMBOL) 27 The Eiffel Tower is the most Parisian landmark (ICON) 28 The natural beauty of Thodupuzha has attracted (SCENERY) many Malayalam movie makers 29 Which countries have the most English ? (SPEAK) 30 English is recognised as an language in a total of (OFFICE) 67 different countries VII Read the passage carefully, then the tasks A magnitude-9.0 earthquake, also known as the Great East Japan Earthquake, struck in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of Japan’s Honshu island on March 11, 2011 It was the most powerful earthquake ever to hit Japan and the fourth largest ever recorded in the world The earthquake triggered a massive tsunami that flooded more than 200 square miles of Coastal land Waves estimated to be as high as 38 meters, the height of a 12-story building, tore apart Coastal towns and villages, carrying ships inland as thousands of homes were flattened, then washed tons of debris and vehicles back out to sea Damage to the reactors at TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant then caused a third disaster, contaminating a wide area that still forces nearly 100,000 residents to live as evacuees Tsunami waves also swept across the Pacific, causing damage or disruptions in Hawaii, California, Oregon, Washington and British Columbia Casualties from the earthquake and tsunami in Japan may be 30,000 and close to 500,000 people were forced to evacuate More than 125,000 buildings have been washed away or seriously damaged; property damage is estimated to be more than $310 billion A Decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F) A magnitude-9.0 earthquake struck offshore of Japan on March 11, 2011 This earthquake was the world’s largest recorded quake Tsunami waves caused by the earthquake smashed the coast, causing massive damage and flooding As the waves retreated back to the sea, they carried ships with them The tsunami damaged the Fukushima Daiichi reactors, causing a nuclear disaster About 500,000 people within the nuclear evacuation zone were evacuated An estimated 30,000 people were killed by the 2011 earthquake and tsunami Property damage from the earthquake and tsunami is estimated over $310 billion B Answer the questions Where did the earthquake strike? What caused the tsunami? What was the height of tsunami waves? How many people were evacuated? What regions were also affected by the tsunami? VII Write the second sentence so that it has the same meaning to the first one Pollution affects the environment in many ways The environment _ Some farmers are overusing chemicals in their crops Chemicals Don’t leave the tap running while brushing your teeth, or you will waste water If you The weather is bad, so we can’t go hiking in the mountains If the weather It’s my opinion that you should study English in the UK If Global warming will affect specific regions in different ways Specific regions It’s two years since the Hawaii volcano erupted The Hawaii volcano _ As the world’s temperatures rise, the Arctic keeps losing its ice Due to _ Due to the hurricane last night, I was without electric power Since there _ 10 Air pollution deaths will double by 2050 if nations don’t act Unless _ ... plants (DIE) and animals 21 As an why you oppose banning plastic bags? (ENVIRONMENT) 22 The radiation leak has had a effect on the (DISASTER) environment 23 The water supply is being... languages (SYMBOL) 27 The Eiffel Tower is the most Parisian landmark (ICON) 28 The natural beauty of Thodupuzha has attracted (SCENERY) many Malayalam movie makers 29 Which countries... (CONTAMINATE) 24 men don’t wear a skirt but rather a kilt, a product (SCOTLAND) of the Gaelic heritage 25 It is claimed that the were the first discoverers of (PORTUGAL) Australia 26
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