Nghiên cứu truyền siêu âm trong môi trường đất đá

HA NOI - 2007 DAI HOC QUdc GIA HA NOI TRlJdNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TU NHIEN ^ ^ Jis y JjS rf! Sp t" »I" NGHIEN Ciru TRUYEN SIEU AM TRONG MOI TRUdNG DAT DA ( Research of transmission of untra-sound in ground and stone environments) MA SO: QT-07-17 CHU TRI D^ TAI: THS.GVC NGUYEN DANG LAM CAC CAN BO THAM GIA: CN PHAM VAN T H A N H CN VO LY THANH HA KS NGO QUY THEM OAi H O C Q U O C GIA HA NOI TRUNG TAM THONG TIN THU VIEN PJJJIL HA NOI - 2007 l.Bao cao torn tat: a Ten de tdi: Nghien ciJu qua trinh truyen song sieu am moi trixdng dat da Ma sd'de tai: QT-07-17 b Chu tri de tdi: Ths GVC Nguyin Dang Lam c Cdn bg tham gia: l.CN Pham Van Thanh CN Vo Ly Thanh Ha KS Ngd Quy Them d Muc tieu vd noi dung nghien cuti: - Muc tieu: Nghien cihi qua trinh truyen song am cac moi trucmg tho nhu dat, cat, be tong v.v Danh gia kha nang thu phat song sieu am cac moi trudng - Noi dung nghien cihi: + Che tao may phat sieu am tan sd 40kHz - 500kHz + Che' tao cac m§u + Khao sat toe truyen song sieu am cac moi trucfng tho + Danh gia kha nang diing song sieu am tham long dat e Cdc ket qud dat duac: Thiet ke Idp rap cong may phat sieu am tan so 40kHz den 500kHz Khao sat duac quy luat bien doi van toe truyen song cac moi tru5ng tho va danh gia kha nang co the diing song sieu am tham long dat a sau duai Im Co mpt bao cao khoa hoc tai hoi nghi khoa hoc truang Dai hoc Su pham Ha Noi thang 11 nam 2007 De tai giup thuc hien khoa luan sinh vien / Tinh hinh kinh phi de tdi: Kinh phi da sii dung 20.000.000 d ( Hai muai trieu dong chSn ) Xac nhan cua BCN Khoa Xac nhan cua truang OMO Hl£u THUONG PGS.TS Nguyen The Binh t / PQS.lS.SjjiL^u^&iuni Summary (by English) a Project, code Research of transmission of untra-sound in ground and stone environments Code : QT-07-17 b Main responsible person MS Nguyen Dang Lam, Faculty of Physics, Hanoi University of Science (HUS), Hanoi National University c Incorporated members BA Pham Van Thanh BA Vo Ly Thanh Ha ED Ngo Quy Them d Purposes and contents - Purposes: Research of transmission of untra-sound in some crude environments as ground, sand, concrete, etc - Contents: + Create generator 40kHz-500kHz + create samples + research velocity untra-sound in crude environments + evaluate ablity of using of untrasound to explore in earth's womb e Results design and assemble generator from 40kHz to 500kHz research the laws of changing of velocity in some crude environments and evaluate ablity of using of untrasound to explore Im under ground 01 report of Science Conference of Hanoi Pedagogical University N*^2 11/2007 02 thesises of undergraduated students Muc luc Un mo diu Chuang 1: Khao sat kha nang truyen song sieu am dat da 1.1 Che tao miu 1.2 H^ thi^ bi 1.3 Ket qua va thao luan Chuang 2: Che tao may phat sieu am 2.1 So mach dien 2.2 Ketqua va thao luan Ketkuan Tai lieu tham khao Phu luc 6 11 14 14 18 20 21 22 Lcil ma dau The ky 20 nhan loai da chu:ng kien su phat tri^n manh me ciia khoa hoc va ky thuat Trong am - situ km cOng la mot nhirng nganh khoa hoc co nhiJng budrc tien vucft bac va da tham nh|p cang nhieu vao cac linh vuc khoa hoc, c6ng nong nghiep, y te, giao thong, f Viec tham khao sat long dat nham phat hien nhiing di vat khao co hay nhung di^m khong dam bao chat luang tren de dieu nhu td moi, cac diem dat r6ng,khao sat tinh dong deu ket ca'u b6 tong xay dung, ma khong c5n dao hay pha hiiy la mot giai phap tiet kiem rat Idn cho kinh phi thi cong cong trinh, qua trinh dao dap de dieu,v.v Do do, viec nghien cuu cac quy luat truyen song sieu am cac moi truang tho nhu da't, da la het su'c quan trong, dat tien de cho viec che tao nhung thiet bi co kha nang ap dung thuc te De tai nham khang dinh kha nang truyen song sieu am moi truang tho nhu dat, da, be tong, Tir dua nhung hudng phat trien tiep theo de co the ap dung duac thuc te Chuang 1: Khao sat kha nang truyen song sieu am dat da 1.1 Che tao mSu Mau duoc che tao bao gom: (1) mau lam bang dat hinh lap phuang: cm cm cm Hinh 1.1: Kich thucfc miu dat hinh lap phuang Ty le pha duac cho nhu bang: Ky hieu Ten mau Dat phu xa Dat thjt Dat cat 1.1 MIu 2 1.2 Mau 2 1.3 Mau 4 (2) mSu be tong hinh lap phuang 10 cm cm Hinh 1.2: Kich lhu6c cua miu be tong hinh lap phuang - Miu ba tong mac 300, ky hieu 2.1, ti le: nu6c/xi mang = 0.44 + Xi mang: + Da: + Cat: - Miu be t6ng mac 300 + phu gia deo (Sika), ky hieu 2.2: nu6c/xi mang=0.361 (3) miu da xanh hinh tru: ky hieu 3.1 0=74.5 mm h=200 mm Hinh 1.3: Kich thu6c ciia miu da (4) Miu gach nung, ky hieu 4.1 215 mm 90 mm 50 mm Hinh 1.4: Kich thudc ciia miu gach nung (5) Miu be tong hinh hop chu nhat, ky hieu 5.1 200 mm 200 mm 00 mm Hinh 1.5: Kich thuac cua miu gach be tong (6) Miu ket hap: L=65 cm CHt 37 cm DM cm Gfic.h xay 37 cm 8R tong 37 cm Hinh 1.6: Miu ket hgfp 1.2 He thiet bi 1.2.1 Thiet bi C386 Day la thiet bj sieu am diing de van toe truyen sieu am Vdi miu cd chieu dai 1, thdi gian truyen t thi van toe truyen C duac tinh theo cong thiic: c-l t Mau Dau %u DSu E'lal May phat - Ihu sieu am b) a) Hinh 1.7: May sieu am C386 a) May C386 b) Cach tien hanh Cac dac trung ciia may: Thdi gian duac tdi da 9999 ^ Do phan giai 0.16 fis Do chinh xac ± 0.16 ps Nguon nang luang 12VDC Cudng dp 0.3 A Thdi gian lam viec h vdi nguon 12 V, 1.9A.h Xung sieu am Bien da lap trinh 1000 Volt dinh 750 Volt dinh 500 Volt dinh 250 Voh dinh Toe dd phat si6u am Da lap trinh : pulse/sec pulse/sec / pulse/sec pulse/sec Bd nhd 200 gia tri cho mdi dai lugng Mach RS 232 4800 bps Khdng chin le bit sd lieu bit dimg Dai lugng Tdc dp Chieu dai Thdi gian Mddun Young 1.2.2 Thiet bi CLS SCfiEEN |[HSPI>y) f"*v/^^-tv,-;.j^ CONCRETE MliASUREMFfJl KLtCTRONCS Check'ubes b Emetljig prqbe ReceJvijig probe I'HivriiiKovTHrMJMC liililil.NCMMIIon Hinh 1.8: Sa khdi va hinh anh ciia may CLS Trong dd: Screen (display): bg hien thi Winch: cam bien do sau 10 BOGiAoOUf; V A D A O i A O TRl/ONG OAI HOC SU PHAM HA NOI KY YFAJ Hi! iGHi md^ HOC HA \OI - 2007 23 MUC LUC Phat bieu khai mac cua Hieu tri/dng Danh muc cac tdm tat bao cao Tieu ban: Van hgc Tieu ban: Ngdn ngCr 25 Tieu ban: KHGD - GDTC & GDTC 31 Tieu ban: Toan - Tin 44 Tieu ban: Vat ly 55 Tieu ban: Hoa hgc 65 Tieu ban: Sinh - KTNN 81 10 Muc luc 99 24 Hpi nghi Khoa hoc 2007 hieu SO radar hien dai thuc hien iren bo mach TMS320C6416T DSK ciia hang Texas Instrument Cac chucmg irinh ma ngu6n C viet vdi su trg giup cua phan m6m Mallab SPtooI di tao cac tap he sd cho cac bd lpc D'ltm thu vi cua cac bO lpc la chi c^n thay d6i cac tap he s6 mpt chuang trinh ma ngudn C nhit la ta co th^ tao dupe cac loai bp loc khac vdi cac dac trung tin sd hoan toan khac bi6t Mpt so ket qua nghien cCfu qua trinh truyen song sieu am moi tradng ddt da, be tong Nguyen Ddng Lam, Pligm Vdn Thdnh Dgi hoc Qudc gia Ha Noi Ngo Quy Tliem Vien Ca, Vien KH&CN Viet Nam B^o cao trinh bay nhung ket qua budc dau cua vi^c nghien ciiu, khao sal qua trinh truyen song sieu am m6i tmdng da't, da, be i6ng Nhom tac gia bao cao da dupe van tO'c truyen song sieu am cac moi trudng tren, khao sat danh gia dupe kha nang truyen qua ciia song sieu am va danh gia kha nang thu song phan xa s6ng gap cac lap dia tang khac Cac ket qua tren khang dinh kha nang diing song sieu am chup anh Idp dia lang gan mat da't dudi m Influence of atom density on criticaltemperature Tc in high-tc superconductors Nguyen The Lam Hanoi Pedagogic Univer.stty No It will show ihai, the Cooper pairing may be represented by our Coopc^r pairing potential With the Cooper pairing, the received energy spectrum of elccirons is suit as other theories The low density of atoms 58 25 Mot s6 ket qua bu6c ddu nghien cuu kha nang truyen song sieu am moi truong da't da Nguyen Dang Lam, Pham Van Thanh (Dai hgc Qudc Gia Ha Noi), Ngo Quy Them (Vien ca - TTKH TN&CN qudc gia) , LMdd^u: Sdng sieu am la nhung dao dong dan hdi truyen cac mdi trudng vat chat dan hoi nhu ran, long, Qua trinh truyen sdng didn nhu sau: Do ngoai lire tac dung, "mot hat" cua moi trudng bi rdi chd khdi vi tri can bang va bat dau dao ddng Do cac hat lien ket vdi nen cac dao dong se truyen sang hat ben canh lam cho nd dao ddng Qua trinh Cli tiep tuc tao sdng sieu am Sdng dan hdi dugc dac trung bang thdng sd ca ban la tan sd (f), budc sdng (A), va tdc truyen sdng (c) Chung dugc lien he vdi qua he thiic: c = l.f Sdng dan hoi cd tan sd tir 16kHz de'n lOOMHz dugc ggi la sdng sieu am Trong mdi trudng ddng nhat dang hudng rgng vd han tdn tai loai sdng la sdng dgc va sdng ngang Trong mdi trudng gidi ndi cdn cd cac loai sdng mat nhu Rayleigh va sdng Lame Tdc truyen ciia cac loai sdng sieu am dugc xac dinh bang bieu thuc: P E la modun dan hdi G la modun trugt Khi sdng sieu am truyen qua mat phan each hai mdi trudng thi nd bj phan xa lai mdi trudng thd' nha't va mot phan truyen qua mdi trudng thu hai theo dinh luat snenliut sin^ sin^' c c' la gdc tdi 9' la gdc phan xa hoac khuc xa c la tdc truyen mdi trudng c' la tdc don truyen mdi trudng Khi sdng sieu am truyen mdi trudng, bien ciia nd giam theo quy luat: a =—.In — y 26 A, Nhu vay tdc dd truyin sdng sieu am va he sd suy giam a deu phii thudc vao ban chft mdi trudng, Ddi vdi mdi trudng ke't ca'u dong nhat va hat mjn nhu sat, thep sdng sieu am it bi ha'p thu va cd kha nang truyen di xa Vi vay nd dugc su dung rat rdng rai y te' va ki^m tra khong pha hiiy Viec khao sat kha nang truyen sdng sieu am mdi trudng da't da khdng ddng nha't cung rat c^n thiet, nd giiip md cac u*ng dung tham dd Idng dat, phat hien td mdi, phat hien cac di vat khao co, v.v -' ' ; n Bd' tri thi nghiem va ke't qua khao sat Sir dung phuang phap true tiep phdng thi nghiem: vdi cac mSu si mang, da't, da nhu sau: " B d tri thi nghiem: May phat sieu am phat xung kich vao bien tir sieu am phat, bien tu phat se phat sdng sieu am truyen qua miu den bien tir thu Tin hieu dugc dua d€x\ bg thu ciia may sieu am Diing man hien sdng quan sat va khoang each thdi gian giira tin hieu phat va thu sieu am, tiif dd suy van tdc truyen / c- - Mau Eijlijj I May phai -thu sieu am a) b) Hinh 1: Bd tri tien hanh thi nghiem Bang sd lieu; STT Ten miu Van toe (m/s) He so hap thu(a) Khoi lirong rieng P (kg/m^) Kich thuac mSu (cm) Xi mang 4545.455 17.97393 2410 10x10x10 Da 5681.818 7.25042 2639.463 1=20 d=7.45 — 27 Xi mang 3225.806 17.38518 2071.689 1=20, d=5.6 Gach 1487.889 18.83898 1672.539 21.5x9x5.5 Mau d^t 1329.787 44.44134 1934.704 5x5x5 Mau da't 1373.626 62.29842 1906.504 5x5x5 Mau dat 1348.8 50.36067 1862.354 5x5x5 Trong dd cac mau dat dugc pha theo ty le: Dat phu xa Da't thit STT MSu dat Da't cat Mau da't 2 2 MSu dat 2 Mau dat 4 Qua khao sat ta cd ket qua: 60D0' • SOOO' m ,, 4O0O' • v(m/s) 3000- mo- • • •• 1000- '60C ;;000 7230 24X ?S» 250C •eoo 3txio 2200 ('[kg'm'^ b) a) 28 2¥X> 2600 280C Hinh 2: Cac ke't qua tien hanh dac phdng thi nghiem Nhu vay: - Mat cang Idn thi van tdc truyen sidu am se cang Idn - Ddi vdi he so ha'p thu: ta tha'y phu thugc nhieu vao mat hat, ddng deu timg mSu khda sat: he sd ha'p thu la nho nhat ddi vdi vat lieu la da Ldn nha't la mau da'tsd2 Tie'n hanh vdi may hien trudng dugc sir dung tren thuc te: - Bd tri thi nghiem: Cat SCREEN (DISPLAY) CONCRETE MEASUREMENT ELECTRONICS O^t Check tubes Gach xay Emelting probe deceiving probe puiN( iPi,r()i"Tiii-:M)\ic l.UI.IJINd MKJIini) Be tong Hinh 3: Tien hanh dac tren thuc te Trong dd: Screen (display): bg hie'n thi Winch: cam bien do sau Check tubes: cac ong de tha bien tir sieu am Emetting probe: bie'n tu phat sieu am Receiving Probe: bien tu thu sieu am /=65 cm Hinh 4: Thie't bi CLS2 diing de van tdc sdng sieu am 29 Ke't qua thi nghiem: TN T r ^ y f i i «onit — 'Ikibc* ^ - I Bang Ket qua kiem tra thi nghiem van toe tmyen song moi trirdng cat, dat, gach xay, be tdng blng phudng phap sieu am STT Ky hieu coc Dosaukifmira (ml Van loc Iruy^n svng sieu dm r i l , d^l, gach xiiv, Iw K'tng (ni/si ! 00^0,37 Gil TN ().n-i.4Q Hinh 5: Ket qua thu dugc 30 651-1371 ' 0.37-0.74 0.74T 1.12 1.12-1-49 D-3i Garh xSy W ton" 6S1-897 I.S43^h66 iRWh3l!ii Ket qua tren cot be t6ng ngoai hien trudng : - Tie'n hanh dac tren cgc be tdng sau 32 m, dia diem: nha hanh chinh 15 tang-Dai hgc Hung Vuang-Viet Tri Coc - 0 - - l u b e s - Coc ( « I ubcs 4; 6; s| I 10' t V j §-16] •ti ! 20 22 24^ 26' 28 W 32 II lOOf) 2000 1000 4000 5000 6000 IOCO 2000 3000 4000 Velocity (Meier/scc) 5000 6000 Hinh 6: Ket qua dac tren coc 09 va 31 Nhan xet: qua qua trinh dac tren thuc te ta thay: van tdc sieu am phu thudc vao cac mdi trudng Co su phan biet tdc mot each ro rang giiia cac mdi trudng Tdc tang ddi vdi cac mdi trudng cd lien ket ldn: tang tir mdi trudng dat cat den gach, be tdng Vdi cac cot be tdng cd dd ddng nhat thi tdc truyen sdng la tuang ddi dn dinh Cdn cot cd cha't lugng khdng ddng deu thi tdc truyen sdng thay doi ldn III Ket luan: Qua cac ket qua tren chiing ta cd the khang dinh mot sd diem sau: (1) Vdi tfin sd phu hgp sdng sieu am cd the de dang truyen cac moi trudng cd ket ca'uthdnhuda't,cat, da, s^au Lii\j 1111" « « - , (2) He so hap thu phu thuoc vao mat khoi luang va tinh d6ng nhat cua moi truon g 31 (3) Hoan toan cd kha nang siJf dung sdng sieu am khao sat cac lap da't, da, dudi sau khoang Im phuc vu cho tham dd khao c6 IV Tai lieu tham khao: Sieu am, nguyen ly va utig dung Nguyen Viet Kinh, Nguyin Dang Lam Tai lieu chuyen khao ki^m tra khdng pha hiiy bang phuang phap sieu am Khoa Vat Ly - Dai hgc Tdng hgp Ha Ndi Hudng dan sii dung may thir sieu am Tyce C368 PGS.TS Cao Chi Dung - Vien ca hgc CSL2ManuaL 32 « DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NQI TRirdNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TU NHIEN KHOA VAT LY TRAN VAN HIF.l XAY DING THIET HI PHAT SONG SIEU AM KHOA LLAN TOT N(iHIEP DAI HOC HE TAI ( HI ( Nganii: Vo luycn dien Giao vioii huanv dan: Vo Ly Thanh Ha Can bo phan bicn : TliS Nguyen Dang Lam Han6i-2fK»7 33 ^ UQC Q U O C GIA HA N Q l TKUdNC" DAI H Q C K H O A H O C TIJ KHOA V A T L Y NI1II:N PHUONG PHAP K I E M TRA K H U Y E T TAT TRONG K H O l BE T O N G BANG MAY THU SIEU AM TYPE C386 K H O A L U A N T O T N G H I E P H E DAI H Q C C H I N H Q U Y N G A N H : V O T U Y E N - D I E N TL - T I N H O C Giao vien huc'rng dan rh.S NGLVFN D A J V G LAM Giao vien phan bivn N f ; QL V T H F M Sinh vien TRAN TRONG NGHIA H A SQ\ - 2007 34 Tom tat cac cong trinh NCKH cua ca nh^n Nganh Vat ly Chuyen nganh Vat ly Vo tuyen Mot so ket qua budc dau nghien cuu kha nang truyen sdng sieu am mdi trudng dat da ;| , li Nguyen Dang Lam, Pham Van Thanh (Dai hgc Qudc Gia Ha Ndi), Ngo Quy Them (Vien ca - TTKH TN&CN qudc gia) Tom tat De tai: Mot sd ke't qua nghien cuu qua trinh truyen sdng sieu am mdi trudng da't da, be tdng Hien cac nha khao co mong mudn chup dugc hinh anh cac Idp dia tang gan be mat mat da't, qua dd hg phat hien cac di chi cd bi viii sau dudi da't Vi vay nhdm nghien cihi lap ke hoach budc dau phuc vu cho muc dich tren bang viec khao sat qua trinh truyen song sieu am mdi trudng da't, da, be tdng Nghien ciiu da dugc van tdc truyen sdng sieu am cac moi trudng tren, khao sat danh gia dugc kha nang truyen qua cua sdng sieu am va danh gia kha nang thu song phan xa sdng gap cac lap dia tang khac Cac ke't qua tren khang dinh kha nang dung sdng sieu am chup anh Idp dia tang gan mat da't dudi m 35 l^hieu dang ky ket qua nghien cihi KH-CN Ten de tai (hoac dir an): Nghien cuu truyen sieu am mdi trudng dat da Research of transmission of untra-sound in ground and stone environments Ma so: QT-07-17 Cor quan chu tri de tai (hodc dix an): TRudng dai hgc khoa hpc tu nhien Dja chi: 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Ha ndi Tel: Ca quan quan ly de tai (hoac du an): Dai hgc qudc gia noi Dja chi: 144 dudng Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Ha Noi Tel: Tong kinh phi thuc chi: 20.000.000 ddng Trong dd: - Tir ngan sach Nha nude: 20.000.000 dong - Kinh phi cua trudng: - Vay tin dung: - Vdn tu cd: - Thu hoi: Thdi gian nghien curu; 2007 Thoi gian b^t dau: Thoi gian ket thiic: Ten cac can bd phdi hgp nghien cihi: CN Pham Van Thanh Bo mon Vat ly Vd tuyen, Khoa Vat ly, DHKHTN CN Vd Ly Thanh Ha Bo mon Vat ly Vd tuyen, Khoa Vat ly, DHKHTN KS Ngo Quy Them Vien ca - TTKH TN&CN qudc gia Sd dang ky de tai Bao mat: Sd chirng nhan dang ky a Pho bien rong rai: X ket qua nghien curu: b Ph6 bien han che: Ngay: c Bao mat: 36 Tom tat ket qua nghien cihi: •> ChetaomiypWtsi^"^'"'^"^^'^^'^"^^^"'^^^'^^^•> Che tao cac mSu *J* Khao sat tdc dd va he sd hap thu sdng sieu am cac mdi trudng thd • Panh gia kha nang dung sdng sieu am tham dd long da't ••• Md cac nghien cuu tiep ve sieu am ciia Bd mdn Vat h' Vd tuyen Cu the: • 01 bao cao Hoi nghi Khoa hgc Dai hgc Su pham 2, 2007: Mpt sdket qud nghien cAu qua trinh truyen song sieu dm moi trudng ddt dd, be tong • 01 May kich phat sieu am tan sd thay doi dugc tir 40kHz den 500kHz • 02 khda luan tdt nghiep sinh vien Kien nghi ve quy mo va ddi tugng ap dung nghien curu: Kien nghi dugc Nha trudng tiep tuc dau tu kinh phi de c6 the di vao thiet ke va hoan chinh may tham dd long da phuc vu khao co lap rap PGS.TSKH.*/[^'^P^ A * 37 ^ ... sd tir 16kHz de'n lOOMHz dugc ggi la sdng sieu am Trong mdi trudng ddng nhat dang hudng rgng vd han tdn tai loai sdng la sdng dgc va sdng ngang Trong mdi trudng gidi ndi cdn cd cac loai sdng mat... viec nghien cuu cac quy luat truyen song sieu am cac moi truang tho nhu da't, da la het su'c quan trong, dat tien de cho viec che tao nhung thiet bi co kha nang ap dung thuc te De tai nham khang... ReceJvijig probe I'HivriiiKovTHrMJMC liililil.NCMMIIon Hinh 1.8: Sa khdi va hinh anh ciia may CLS Trong dd: Screen (display): bg hien thi Winch: cam bien do sau 10 Check tubes: cac ong de tha bien