Evaluation and proposed solutions for electronic government development at provincial level in vietnam

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI VIETNAM JAPAN UNIVERSITY - TRINH KIM CHI EVALUATION AND PROPOSED SOLUTIONS FOR ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL IN VIETNAM MASTER'S THESIS Hanoi, 2018 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI VIETNAM JAPAN UNIVERSITY TRINH KIM CHI EVALUATION AND PROPOSED SOLUTIONS FOR ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL IN VIETNAM MAJOR: PUBLIC POLICY SUPERVISORS: Prof Dr MORITO TSUTSUMI Dr VU HOANG LINH Hanoi, 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisors Prof Vu Hoang Linh, Vietnam Japan University, and Professor Morito Tsutsumi, Tsukuba University Professor Tsutsumi was the one who helped me to formulate and perfect my idea of thesis during the internship at Tsukuba University, Japan In addition, by asking questions professor pointed out the problems I lacked Dr Vu Hoang Linh is the person I need to thank very much and also apologize very much He taught me what I need notice in my thesis, encouraging me He gave the correct advice, paid close attention to the situation of my thesis Thank you for their patience, motivation, and immense knowledge They inspired me in all aspects of academic study and helped me to hurdle all the obstacles in the completion of this thesis This thesis would not have been possible without their guidance and advice In addition, I would like to thank the other professors both Vietnamese and Japanese, especially Prof Okamoto Naohisa, Prof Nguyen Thuy Anh, Prof Katsura Ryotaro, Prof Kawashima, for the value advices I am thankful to Vietnam Japan University in general; especially master program in public policy gave me good conditions to complete my thesis At the same time I would like to thank Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) for their financial and supporting during the study time I am also grateful to University of Tsukuba (Tsukuba City, Ibaraki prefecture), particularly School of Systems and Information Engineering, Office of Global Initiatives, which was the internship site I would like to dedicate my concluding words to all, Mrs Phuong, Office of Global Initiatives Tsukuba, Ms Thu Ha, Office of Public Policy program; my tutor, Ohyama-san, Student in Master's Program in Policy and Planning Science and all students who took part in internship in Tsukuba, their kindly help, care, motivation gave me strength II Finally, I am grateful to my family, my parents, my brother, my grandparents and all of my classmates, Master of Public Policy Student for their supports and motivations Sincerely, Trinh Kim Chi Place: Hanoi, Vietnam Date: June 2018 II TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i TABLE OF CONTENT iii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS v LIST OF TABLE vi LIST OF FIGGURE vii ABSTRACT CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research background 1.1.1 International background 1.1.2 Vietnam e-government background 1.2 Problem statement 1.3 Purpose of the study 1.4 Research questions 1.5 Overview of research methodology 1.6 The structure of the thesis CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEWS 2.1 Conceptual framework of electronic government 2.1.1 E-government definitions 2.2.2 E-government classification 2.2 The studies on factors affecting e-government development 10 2.3 The studies on e-government evaluation models 10 2.3.1 Evaluation at national level 10 2.3.2 Evaluation Model at local level 16 CHAPTER 3: THE CURRNET SITUATION OF E-GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL IN VIETNAM 18 3.1 Overview of e-government development at National level in Vietnam 18 3.1.1 Vietnamese administrative system 18 iii 3.1.2 The legal framework of e-government 21 3.2 Overview of Electronic government development at provincial level in Vietnam 22 CHAPTER 4: METHODOLOGY 24 4.1 Overall of provincial e-government development evaluation model 24 4.2 The formula to calculate the indicators 25 4.2.1 Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (TII) 25 4.2.2 The human capital 26 4.2.3 E-government promotion 28 4.2.4 Public online services Index 29 CHAPTER 5: THE RESULTS OF THE PROVINCIAL E-GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM 2017 30 5.1 Overviews of Provincial E-government Index (PEGI) 30 5.2 Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (TII) of 63 provinces in Vietnam 36 5.3 Human Capacity Index 40 5.4 E- Government Promotion 46 5.5 Public Online Services Index 49 CHAPTER 6: POLICY IMPLICATION AND CONCLUSION 53 6.1 Policy implication 53 6.1.1 Promote Telecommunication infrastructure 53 6.1.2 Human capacity development 53 6.1.3 Policy environment improvement 54 6.1.4 Development of online public service delivery 54 6.3 Conclusions 54 6.3.1 The resolution for research questions 54 6.2.2 The limitation of research 56 6.3.2 Future research 56 REFERENCES 57 APENDIX iv ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS EGDI Electronic Government Development Index E-government Electronic government EGPI E-government promotion Index HCI Human Capital Index ICT Information and Communication Technology MIC Ministry of Information and Communication OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development POSI Public online service TII Telecommunication Infrastructure Index UN United Nation v LIST OF TABLE Table 1.1 E-government development indexes by UN of South East Asia Countries (UN, 2016) Table 2.1 The indicators in the e-Government development model of the UN (UN,2016) 11 Table 2.2 The four stages model of e-government development by UN (UN,2016)12 Table 2.3 Public online services selected for evaluation of EU e-Government Benchmark (Capgemini,2010) 13 Table 2.4: The main indicators and sub-indicators of Waseda Institute of EGovernment Model in e-government Development (Waseda Institute of EGovernmen, 2014) 14 Table 2.5: Municipal E-Government Assessment in US (Montserrat,2010) 17 Table 3.1: The distribution of provinces by region in Vietnam 19 Table 3.2: The legal document related e-government in Vietnam 21 Table 4.2 Sub-indicators of Human Capacity Index 27 Table 5.1: Provincial e-government Index Ranking of 63 provinces by region 30 Table 5.2 Telecommunication Infrastructure Index (TII) of 63 provinces in Vietnam 36 Table 5.3: Human capacity of governmental provincial agencies 40 Table 5.4: The human capacity of society at provincial level in Vietnam 44 Table 5.5 The Human Capacity Index of 63 provinces in Vietnam 47 Table 5.6: The E-government Promotion Index of 63 provinces Vietnam 2017 46 Table 5.7: Public Online Services Index of 63 provinces 49 vi LIST OF FIGGURE Figure 2.1 Example of G2G applications (Realini, 2004) Figure 3.1: The eight regions of Vietnam (Source: Bui Tan et al, 2016) 18 Figure 3.2: Administrative system of Vietnam 20 Figure 3.3 Public online services in Vietnam 2016 (Ministry of Information and Communication, 2016) 23 Figure 4.1 Weight of Sub-indicators of the TII (UN,2016) 26 Figure 5.1: Provincial e-government Index of 63 provinces in Vietnam 35 vii ABSTRACT E-government is the use of ICTs products in public administration for the purpose of improving efficiency and value E-government development helps to increase efficiency in public administration and at the same time saves time, increases transparency for citizen and business transactions Therefore, electronic government has become central component of national strategies around the world At the same time, among the level government, local government plays an important role in dealing with the citizens and business The previous researches suggested 80% of transactions between citizens, enterprises and their governments are obliged to local government level, not at the central government level E-government has become increasingly important as one of the key issues that the Vietnamese government has prioritized However, this process is not significantly The implementation of e-government at the local level is weak and incomplete In addition, there is the lack of information regarding e-government implementation at the local level, since most of the current e-government research and models have focused on national and state-level e-government practices Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the e-government development at provincial level toward improving eGovernment in Vietnam Based on the UN e-government development evaluation model as well as the structure of the administrative system and the e-government development situation in Vietnam, a set of criteria has been introduced to evaluate the development of egovernment in Vietnam By combining the use of secondary data, the study assessed and published the e-government development ranking of 63 Province in Vietnam in 2017 The results show that there is a large difference between localities and regions In overall, the Northwest province scores the lowest in most indicators; the most egovernment development region is the Southeast of Vietnam Da Nang is the REFERENCES AGIMO Australian Government Information Office (2004) Demand and Value Assessment Methodology - DAM & VAM, Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia Arslan, A (2008), Assessment of the Turkish Local e-Governments: An Empirical Study, International Journal of Human Sciences Bannister, F (2007) „The curse of the benchmark: an assessment of the validity and value of e-government comparisons‟, International Review of Administrative Sciences, vol 73, no 2, pp 171-188 Brown, M.M.& Brudney, J.L (2004), Achieving Advanced Electronic Government Services: Opposing Environmental Constraints, Public Performance & Management Review, 28(1), pp.96–113 Bui, Tan & Leigh Blizzard, Christopher & Ngoc Luong, Khue & Truong, Ngoc & Quoc Tran, Bao & Otahal, Petr & Gall, Seana & Nelson, Mark & Bich Au, Thuy & Ha, Son & Phung, Hai & Tran, Hoang & Callisaya, Michele & Srikanth, Velandai (2016) National survey of risk factors for non-communicable disease in Vietnam: Prevalence estimates and an assessment of their validity BMC Public Health 16 10.1186/s12889-016-3160-4 Capgemini (2010), Digitizing Public Services in Europe: Putting Ambition into Action, European Commission Directorate General for Information Society and Media Dalal Ibrahem Zahran et al (2015), A Critical Analysis of E-Government Evaluation Models at National and Local Municipal Levels, Electronic Journal of eGovernment Volume 13 Issue 2015, p28-42 Flak, L Olsen, D.& Wolcott, P (2005) Local E-Government in Norway: Current Status and Emerging Issues Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems, 17(2),41–84 57 General Statistics Office of Vietnam (2017), Primary unit statistics, available at athttps://www.gso.gov.vn/dmhc2015/Tinh_tk_new.aspx Heeks, R., 2008 Benchmarking e-Government: Improving the National and International Measurement, Evaluation and Comparison of e-Government, In Evaluating Information Systems p 257 Janssen, D., Rotthier, S and Snijkers, K (2004) „If you measure it, they will score: An assessment of international e-Government benchmarking‟, Information Polity, vol 9, no 3-4, pp 121-130 Kromidha, E (2012) „Strategic e-government development and the role of benchmarking‟, Government Information, Quarterly, vol 29, no 4, pp 573-581 M.T (2017), “Four public online services get high efficiency in Vietnam”, http://ictnews.vn/cntt/nuoc-manh-cntt/4-linh-vuc-cung-cap-dich-vu-cong-onlinecho-nguoi-dan-doanh-nghiep-dat-hieu-qua-cao-165579.ict, access 30th May 2018 Ministry of Information and Communication (2016), Evaluating the level of information technology application of ministries and ministerial level agencies in provinces and centrally-run cities 2016, 4/2017, Vietnam Moon, M.J (2002), The Evolution of E-Government among Municipalities: Rhetoric or Reality? , Public Administration Review, 62(4), pp.424–433 Ngo Tan Vu Khanh, Ma Thanh Danh, Gwangyong Gim (2015), E-Government in Vietnam: Situation, Prospects - chapter 13 in the book Trends, and Challenges; Trends, Prospects, and Challenges in Asian E-Governance, p.262 Nguyen Ngoc Anh (2016), e-government development: The case study of Vietnamese provincial governments, doctoral thesis Waseda University 9/2016 Norris, D.F & Moon, M.J (2005), Advancing e-government at the grassroots: Tortoise or hare? , Public Administration Review, 65(1), pp.64–75 58 Norris, D.F & Reddick, C.G (2013), Local E-Government in the United States: Transformation or Incremental Change?, Public Administration Review, 73(1), pp.165– 175 OECD, 2009 Rethinking E-government Services: User-centred Approaches, Available at:http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:Rethinking+e Government+Services+USERRealini, A.F., 2004 G2G E-Government: The Big Challenge for Europe University of Zurich Thu Anh (2017), “63 provinces provide online public services”, https://baomoi.com/63-tinh-thanh-trien-khai-cung-cap-dich-vu-cong-tructuyen/c/21953785.epi, access 30th May 2018 United Nations (2001), Division for Public Economics and Public Administration, 2001, p United Nations (2012), E-Government Survey 2012- E-Government for the People, p.39 Vietnam Government (2011), Decree No 43/2011 / ND-CP Vietnam Government about electronic government in Vietnam 2011-2016 Walter Castelnovo and Massimo Simonetta (2007), The Evaluation of eGovernment projects for Small Local Government Organizations, Electronic Journal of e-Government Volume Issue 2007 Waseda Institute of E-Government (2014), WASEDA – IAC 12th International Egovernment Ranking 2016 Zevedeos, R (2006), Local e-Government: Reconstructing Limassol‟s municipality (Cyprus) Web Site to Provide Functional and Effective E-services, Master Dissertation, University of Sheffield APPENDIX 59 APENDIX 1: Legal institution – an indicator of The Vietnam Provincial competitive Index (PCI) This final index is a measure of the private sector's confidence in provincial legal institutions; whether firms regard provincial legal institutions as an effective vehicle for dispute resolution, or as an avenue for lodging appeals against corrupt official behavior (3) Legal system provided mechanism for firms to appeal against officials' corrupt behavior (% always or usually) (4) Firm confident that legal system will uphold property rights and contracts (% strongly agree or agree) (5) Cases filed by by non-state entities at Provincial Economic Court per 100 firms (6) Business used courts or other legal institutions to resolve disputes (%) (7) Non-state claimants as a percentage of claimants at Provincial Economic Court (8) Median months to resolve court cases (9) Median formal and informal costs as a percentage of case (10) Provincial court judge economic cases by the law (% agree or strongly agree)\ (11) Provincial court resolve economic cases quickly (% agree or strongly agree) (12) Court judgements are enforced quickly (% agree or strongly agree) (13) Legal aid agencies support business to use laws to sue when disputes arise (% agree) (14) Formal and informal costs are acceptable (% agree or strongly agree) (15) Judgement by the court is fair (% agree or strongly agree) (16) Willingness to use court in case a dispute arises (% Yes) 60 (17) Provoinces (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) An Giang 6.15 92% 39% 37% 33% 92% 89% 63% 68% 81% 79% 5.83 95% 68% 62% 24% BRVT 5.55 78% 29% 36% 32% 83% 78% 58% 66% 65% 76% 6.49 97% 61% 65% 16% Bắc Giang 6.10 84% 44% 42% 34% 90% 85% 71% 77% 74% 80% 0.00 0% 75% 63% 14% Bắc Kạn 6.06 86% 30% 36% 36% 88% 82% 68% 71% 70% 73% 0.00 0% 59% 64% 5% Bạc Liêu 5.68 80% 31% 46% 21% 84% 83% 65% 66% 70% 85% 4.62 64% 81% 53% 25% Bắc Ninh 5.39 86% 31% 31% 25% 93% 88% 64% 67% 68% 73% 0.52 67% 75% 55% 11% Bến Tre 6.78 87% 38% 51% 42% 91% 88% 63% 67% 82% 87% 2.88 98% 97% 52% 17% Bình Định 6.31 88% 28% 37% 38% 95% 91% 80% 79% 77% 85% 0.25 85% 71% 53% 14% Bình Dương 6.39 86% 31% 40% 38% 96% 85% 69% 75% 80% 82% 0.12 48% 86% 59% 15% Bình Phước 4.02 77% 28% 29% 38% 85% 74% 56% 60% 61% 66% 0.00 0% 68% 48% 22% Bình Thuận 4.82 89% 22% 38% 45% 82% 75% 53% 59% 60% 75% 0.23 64% 90% 41% 23% Cà Mau 5.45 83% 33% 33% 45% 84% 84% 64% 68% 75% 81% 1.16 100% 66% 44% 27% 61 Cần Thơ 6.51 86% 30% 35% 33% 92% 85% 72% 68% 78% 85% 7.15 100% 64% 62% 18% Cao Bằng 5.61 81% 27% 29% 36% 85% 82% 53% 51% 58% 79% 0.17 100% 67% 57% 11% Đà Nẵng 6.74 88% 29% 35% 26% 92% 91% 73% 76% 80% 84% 0.09 92% 84% 73% 15% Đắk Lắk 5.84 89% 30% 38% 41% 86% 81% 64% 67% 72% 80% 0.13 100% 83% 51% 20% Đắk Nông 4.27 82% 23% 25% 38% 85% 72% 57% 58% 67% 68% 0.67 89% 67% 49% 23% Điện Biên 6.00 83% 27% 30% 46% 88% 81% 73% 72% 71% 71% 0.00 0% 100% 64% 10% Đồng Nai 5.77 83% 30% 41% 31% 87% 85% 62% 68% 70% 81% 0.47 100% 69% 45% 12% Đồng Tháp 7.10 90% 43% 51% 37% 99% 93% 80% 70% 84% 88% 3.49 79% 86% 71% 17% Gia Lai 5.70 86% 23% 24% 37% 89% 87% 49% 61% 65% 80% 4.49 80% 90% 51% 12% Hà Giang 7.01 86% 38% 42% 39% 91% 80% 71% 73% 76% 73% 0.92 88% 92% 73% 11% Hà Nam 5.77 86% 38% 31% 36% 88% 83% 68% 67% 77% 78% 0.50 92% 63% 58% 13% Hà Nội 4.88 80% 25% 25% 27% 84% 78% 54% 59% 68% 67% 1.37 85% 57% 53% 14% Hà Tĩnh 5.75 87% 34% 37% 27% 89% 82% 70% 73% 76% 79% 0.00 0% 100% 53% 15% Hải Dương 5.63 85% 29% 34% 28% 88% 83% 61% 69% 68% 74% 1.14 41% 70% 47% 12% Hải Phòng 5.48 85% 29% 28% 32% 89% 86% 60% 69% 75% 82% 0.11 80% 84% 49% 13% 62 Hậu Giang 6.14 81% 38% 48% 38% 88% 87% 60% 67% 73% 70% 0.26 100% 93% 62% 17% Hịa Bình 5.63 81% 20% 38% 36% 82% 82% 67% 60% 67% 76% 1.14 55% 68% 63% 14% Hưng Yên 5.37 78% 34% 34% 34% 81% 70% 52% 61% 59% 60% 3.47 98% 54% 45% 9% Khánh Hòa 5.46 88% 27% 31% 36% 94% 84% 69% 69% 76% 81% 0.47 100% 71% 34% 22% Kiên Giang 6.15 86% 32% 38% 35% 88% 83% 67% 74% 81% 78% 2.39 92% 76% 60% 23% Kon Tum 5.05 79% 21% 27% 34% 83% 78% 64% 62% 69% 74% 5.01 98% 90% 41% 13% Lai Châu 6.82 91% 28% 35% 42% 89% 82% 70% 78% 76% 77% 0.00 0% 100% 77% 7% Lâm Đồng 6.03 88% 27% 29% 36% 91% 83% 66% 72% 70% 82% 0.19 100% 77% 61% 13% Lạng Sơn 5.36 78% 34% 34% 31% 81% 75% 57% 61% 62% 67% 0.00 0% 90% 64% 12% Lào Cai 6.32 79% 33% 42% 39% 89% 82% 61% 63% 75% 75% 0.13 50% 80% 63% 9% Long An 7.20 90% 45% 46% 34% 94% 91% 76% 82% 84% 85% 3.14 90% 76% 57% 13% Nam Định 6.73 85% 26% 38% 29% 93% 85% 76% 74% 77% 79% 1.10 88% 100% 64% 5% Nghệ An 5.13 83% 30% 30% 20% 83% 79% 66% 69% 72% 76% 0.58 86% 88% 54% 17% Ninh Bình 6.13 88% 27% 28% 41% 91% 89% 79% 76% 88% 90% 0.04 5% 85% 62% 12% Ninh Thuận 6.01 85% 36% 40% 29% 87% 84% 68% 67% 73% 78% 0.07 100% 95% 63% 19% 63 Phú Thọ 6.28 76% 35% 38% 32% 81% 76% 69% 68% 69% 84% 0.65 56% 94% 65% 10% Phú Yên 5.15 83% 23% 27% 26% 81% 73% 56% 53% 58% 69% 0.70 86% 73% 55% 14% Quảng Bình 5.63 80% 26% 33% 36% 87% 80% 73% 69% 75% 80% 0.46 30% 54% 47% 13% Quảng Nam 6.99 85% 32% 39% 36% 91% 85% 70% 68% 74% 88% 1.58 96% 90% 69% 11% Quảng Ngãi 6.38 87% 33% 40% 40% 89% 84% 67% 77% 79% 80% 0.22 35% 88% 56% 14% Quảng Ninh 5.63 84% 32% 40% 37% 91% 84% 75% 76% 81% 77% 0.05 25% 78% 55% 14% Quảng Trị 5.39 84% 34% 33% 38% 86% 82% 65% 73% 73% 81% 0.30 38% 77% 54% 22% Sóc Trăng 6.03 84% 37% 49% 33% 88% 82% 67% 63% 71% 79% 3.30 82% 77% 43% 24% Sơn La 5.94 86% 22% 23% 38% 86% 80% 63% 67% 73% 75% 0.32 67% 60% 70% 11% TP.HCM 5.13 82% 29% 30% 26% 87% 79% 60% 62% 64% 72% 0.11 100% 50% 52% 11% TT-Huế 6.00 90% 31% 27% 33% 93% 92% 61% 73% 77% 81% 0.00 0% 58% 67% 8% Tây Ninh 5.43 82% 30% 37% 37% 86% 79% 58% 66% 71% 82% 1.27 61% 98% 59% 19% Thái Bình 5.51 85% 33% 30% 30% 88% 81% 63% 68% 73% 74% 0.20 100% 62% 55% 10% Thái Nguyên 6.42 88% 45% 39% 36% 94% 89% 73% 74% 79% 83% 0.20 100% 53% 51% 11% Thanh Hóa 5.74 85% 34% 38% 29% 85% 83% 69% 69% 73% 79% 0.41 65% 87% 50% 12% 64 Tiền Giang 4.84 80% 29% 34% 29% 87% 79% 59% 64% 78% 81% 0.00 0% 84% 40% 23% Trà Vinh 6.72 91% 40% 46% 46% 94% 87% 59% 62% 69% 83% 3.17 66% 89% 48% 15% Tuyên Quang 5.95 85% 27% 26% 48% 88% 84% 69% 72% 77% 80% 0.48 100% 85% 59% 14% Vĩnh Long 7.08 86% 45% 49% 44% 88% 88% 62% 66% 71% 80% 0.60 92% 86% 54% 10% Vĩnh Phúc 6.28 90% 31% 36% 30% 93% 88% 76% 72% 79% 80% 0.40 82% 84% 59% 16% Yên Bái 6.17 81% 23% 31% 46% 88% 83% 68% 68% 68% 79% 0.28 43% 95% 64% 7% 65 APENDIX 2: The Vietnam information and communication technology (ICT) index The Vietnam ICT Index was first introduced in 2005 as the first official report on the current status of ICT development and application Before 2014, this index was the result of cooperation between the Vietnam Association of Information Processing (VAIP) and the National Steering Committee on ICT The ranking is among the first studies in the world focusing on evaluating the e-readiness of municipalities The two major objectives of the index are as follows: To evaluate the readiness level in ICT development and application of four blocks: provincial, ministries and ministerial-level agencies, commercial joint stock banks and corporations To provide overall insights into ICT development in the whole nation 66 Information No Provinces technology infrastruc Human resources Information IT Utilization Readiness 2017 2016 2015 level Ranking Ranking Ranking technology Đà Nẵng 1,00 0,87 Tp Hồ Chí Minh 0,62 0,67 Hà Nội 0,61 Quảng Ninh 0,9351 1 0,78 0,6920 0,75 0,66 0,6688 3 0,53 0,64 0,81 0,6615 4 Cần Thơ 0,46 0,71 0,78 0,6486 12 19 Thanh Hoá 0,47 0,95 0,45 0,6222 14 10 Lào Cai 0,52 0,60 0,75 0,6213 7 Bà Rịa - Vũng Tầu 0,69 0,59 0,51 0,5938 10 Tiền Giang 0,47 0,48 0,78 0,5792 17 10 Lâm Đồng 0,47 0,63 0,63 0,5761 10 11 14 11 Khánh Hoà 0,50 0,65 0,58 0,5760 11 21 21 67 12 Hà Nam 0,40 0,77 0,54 0,5691 12 37 46 13 Bắc Ninh 0,47 0,71 0,52 0,5657 13 18 14 Nghệ An 0,41 0,50 0,70 0,5387 14 15 Thừa Thiên - Huế 0,37 0,50 0,75 0,5383 15 11 16 Bình Dƣơng 0,53 0,49 0,60 0,5374 16 12 17 Long An 0,43 0,57 0,56 0,5242 17 20 24 18 Vĩnh Phúc 0,42 0,65 0,46 0,5079 18 24 26 19 Hải Phòng 0,40 0,52 0,59 0,5033 19 13 15 20 Đồng Nai 0,47 0,46 0,56 0,4961 20 16 13 21 Bắc Giang 0,37 0,52 0,58 0,4893 21 19 20 22 Tây Ninh 0,47 0,54 0,43 0,4809 22 23 37 23 Đắk Lắk 0,28 0,64 0,48 0,4655 23 49 29 24 Hà Giang 0,32 0,46 0,59 0,4558 24 15 23 25 Phú Thọ 0,28 0,55 0,53 0,4516 25 17 32 68 26 Đồng Tháp 0,37 0,51 0,47 0,4488 26 28 18 27 Thái Nguyên 0,30 0,58 0,41 0,4323 27 22 28 Hà Tĩnh 0,28 0,47 0,52 0,4215 28 26 16 29 Ninh Bình 0,16 0,62 0,46 0,4158 29 42 34 30 Thái Bình 0,34 0,58 0,29 0,4072 30 34 30 31 Hƣng Yên 0,27 0,49 0,42 0,3950 31 29 52 32 Cà Mau 0,26 0,51 0,39 0,3894 32 43 42 33 Vĩnh Long 0,31 0,44 0,41 0,3887 33 45 33 34 Quảng Bình 0,34 0,42 0,40 0,3875 34 36 27 35 Bình Thuận 0,37 0,34 0,45 0,3872 35 27 22 36 Kiên Giang 0,32 0,42 0,40 0,3811 36 41 35 37 Gia Lai 0,32 0,36 0,46 0,3800 37 38 44 38 Nam Định 0,26 0,59 0,28 0,3790 38 39 40 39 Quảng Trị 0,23 0,35 0,51 0,3617 39 31 41 69 40 Quảng Nam 0,27 0,40 0,41 0,3607 40 30 25 41 Ninh Thuận 0,20 0,46 0,36 0,3410 41 32 36 42 Phú Yên 0,24 0,43 0,32 0,3293 42 46 38 43 Bình Định 0,17 0,44 0,36 0,3221 43 40 48 44 Bình Phƣớc 0,34 0,27 0,35 0,3201 44 25 39 45 Hải Dƣơng 0,25 0,50 0,19 0,3157 45 33 31 46 An Giang 0,35 0,35 0,25 0,3152 46 50 28 47 Quảng Ngãi 0,17 0,39 0,36 0,3074 47 35 43 48 Bến Tre 0,08 0,46 0,35 0,2971 48 51 53 49 Đắk Nông 0,36 0,26 0,26 0,2928 49 44 55 50 Sơn La 0,14 0,35 0,35 0,2801 50 60 60 51 Điện Biên 0,08 0,49 0,23 0,2655 51 63 63 52 Sóc Trăng 0,24 0,31 0,20 0,2504 52 47 50 53 Yên Bái 0,21 0,20 0,32 0,2431 53 58 57 70 54 Cao Bằng 0,19 0,09 0,45 0,2416 54 55 62 55 Hậu Giang 0,05 0,27 0,38 0,2339 55 57 51 56 Hoà Bình 0,15 0,36 0,17 0,2265 56 53 49 57 Tuyên Quang 0,15 0,28 0,23 0,2167 57 48 58 58 Lạng Sơn 0,13 0,28 0,15 0,1897 58 61 47 59 Kon Tum 0,11 0,33 0,09 0,1769 59 59 56 60 Bắc Kạn 0,09 0,15 0,23 0,1564 60 54 54 61 Bạc Liêu 0,09 0,28 0,09 0,1518 61 62 59 62 Trà Vinh 0,04 0,07 0,23 0,1154 62 52 45 63 Lai Châu 0,13 0,04 0,14 0,1024 63 56 61 71 ... the research named ? ?Evaluation and proposed solutions for electronic government development at provincial level in Vietnam? ?? to improve egovernment at provincial level in Vietnam 1.3 Purpose of... CURRNET SITUATION OF E -GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL IN VIETNAM 18 3.1 Overview of e -government development at National level in Vietnam 18 3.1.1 Vietnamese administrative system.. .VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI VIETNAM JAPAN UNIVERSITY TRINH KIM CHI EVALUATION AND PROPOSED SOLUTIONS FOR ELECTRONIC GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT AT PROVINCIAL LEVEL IN VIETNAM