NộI địa hóa và ngoại lai hóa trong dịch tên riêng nghiên cứu so sánh hai bản dịch tiếng việt của the fellowship of the ring

DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION GRADUATION PAPER DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES A comparative study on the case of Vietnamese translations of J.R.R.Tolkien's "The Fellowship of the Rings" Supervisor : Nguyễn Thị Diệu Thúy Student : Phạm Thị Quỳnh Anh Course : QH2011 Hanoi, 2015 DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP NỘI ĐỊA HÓA VÀ NGOẠI LAI HÓA TRONG DỊCH TÊN RIÊNG Nghiên cứu so sánh hai dịch Tiếng Việt “The Fellowship of the Ring” – J.R.R.Tolkien Giáo viên hướng dẫn: Nguyễn Thị Diệu Thúy Sinh viên: Phạm Thị Quỳnh Anh Khóa : QH2011 HÀ NỘI, 2015 DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES I hereby state that I: Pham Thi Quynh Anh, QH2011.F1.E20, being a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Arts (TEFL) accept the requirements of the College relating to the retention and use of Bachelor’s Graduation Paper deposited in the library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the origin of my paper deposited in the library should be accessible for the purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the librarian for the care, loan or reproduction of the paper Signature Date DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES CONTENT Table of contents Page Acknowledgements …………………………………………….…………… i Abstract ……………………………………………………………………… ii List of figures, tables, and abbreviations……………………… ……………iii Chapter I: Introduction 1.1 Statement of the problem and the rationale for the study…….…… … …1 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study………………………………… … ….4 1.3 Scope and significance of the study.……………………………… …… 1.4 Organization…… ….…………………………….……………….…… Chapter II: Literature Review 2.1 Proper Names………………………….……………………………… 2.1.1 Proper Names in general………………………………….…… 2.1.2 Proper Names in fantasy literature……………………… ….… 2.1.3 Proper names in Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings……… 2.2 Domestication and Foreignization…….…………………………… … 2.2.1 Venuti’s Domestication and Foreignization………………… … 2.2.2 Factors influencing domestication or Foreignization ……… … 10 2.2.3 Theoretical Framework and Models… ……………… .… 12 Chapter III Research methodology 3.1 Selection of subjects……………….….………….……………… … 17 3.2 Procedures of data collection…….……………….……………….… 17 3.3 Procedures of data analysis…….…………………………… ……… 18 Chapter IV Findings and Discussions DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES 4.1 Translators’ use of domestication and foreignization in translating proper names ………………………………………………………………… … 19 4.2 Explain author's motivations…….………………………….…… … 29 4.3 Discussions…….…………………………………………… … … 37 Chapter V: Conclusion 5.1 Summary of findings …….…………………………………….… … 41 5.2 Limitations…….……………………………………………….… … 43 5.3 Suggestions for further study……………………………………………43 References…….……………………………………………… ……… … 44 Appendices…….…………………………………………………………… 48 DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I owe the success of this research to the following people without whom this research could not have been finished Firstly, I wish to express my sincerest gratitude to my supervisor, Ms Nguyen Thi Dieu Thuy, for her invaluable help, insightful guidance and supportive encouragement throughout the study and beyond I also take this chance to express my special thanks to Ms An Ly, Nha Nam’s translator, for her great help with important materials My completion of this study would not have been satisfactory without her support Lastly, my most heartfelt thanks would go to my parents who are always my source of strength and motivation throughout the time i DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES ABSTRACT Translating proper names is a great challenge in fantasy literature translation, especially in a classic work as Lord of the Rings by J.R.R Tolkien So far, there have been a large number of studies on strategies to translate proper names but those on domestication and foreignization is quite limited Studying the two Vietnamese translations of Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings – The Fellowship of the Rings, this research was conducted to figure out the strategies which were dominantly– whether domestication or foreignization, were used to translate proper names in the first two chapters, as well as to explain the motivations of translators in using that strategy to translate the names, and finally is to discuss on the use of domestication and foreignization to translate literary fictive proper names in general Document analysis, observed interviews and articles were adopted as the main instruments to collect data The final outcomes indicate the prominent use of foreignization strategy on the 2003 translation “Tình Bằng Hữu Chiếc Nhẫn”by Nguyen Nam and domestication strategy on the 2013 translation “Đoàn Hộ Nhẫn” by Dang Tran Viet, Nguyen T.T.Yen and An Ly, notably when they are translated from a same English source text The result from the recorded interview and articles reveals the different motivations between two translators groups, in terms of aesthetic attitudes, strategic attitudes, attitudes toward readers and attitudes toward writer’s requirements All the initial results leads to the researcher’s conclusions on strategies and procedures should use to translate particular proper names such as non-english proper names, semantically transparent names, metaphoric names and non-descriptive with English-sounding names Recommendations for further studies are provided ii DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES AND ABBREVIATIONS Table 2.2 Taxonomies of Procedures Related to Domestication and Foreignization Strategies by Translation Scholars Table 4.4.1a Borrowing proper names in both translations Table 4.1.1b Literal translation of proper names in both translations Table 4.4.2a Borrowing proper names in TT1 Table 4.1.2b Adaptation of proper names in TT2 Table 4.1.2c Equivalence of proper names in TT2 Table 4.1.2d Some literal translation of proper names in TT2 Table 4.1.3 Summary of procedures and strategies used in two translations SL : source language TL : target language ST : source text TT : target text TT1 : target text TT2 : target text iii DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Problem statement and rationale Stretching out various discussions and debates in translation studies throughout decades, it is now acknowledged that the translation of a literary text, especially, fantasy literature, is no longer only a process of transferring linguistic contents from a Source language into a Target language, but now it is more likely an action of transferring culture from a Source culture into a Target culture In recent decades, culture specific elements have generated challenges to translators more than the linguistic differences between the source and target texts, in terms of both lexical and semantic level, and most of them are concerning about names, customs, traditions, clothes, foods, institutions or even idioms and slangs “Account for the greatest percentage of the cultural specific items in a text” (Aixela, 1996), proper names have become a central issue for translation debates in recent decades Approached from different perspectives by translators, from Newmark (1981), Venuti (1995) to several other researchers such as Nord (2003), Bertills (2003), Fernandes (2006), Mäkinen (2010), proper names have proved itself to be one of the hardest problems in translating a literary text, as translating names need to keep not only the names’ identification functions but also their meaningful aspects which may coined by the authors Being used to be claimed to be “never translated” (Strawson, 1971), proper names now have posed great challenges to translators over the world Whether they should be translated or not, and to what extents? Every translator who is facing with a literary work, especially fantasy literature, must struggle to find the answers to those questions Discussions on treatments for proper names often lead to two basic tendencies of translation, those are, firstly, maintaining the characteristics of the source text, even where this creates a strange and exotic effect, and secondly, naturalizing it to produce a normal, familiar target translation which is accessible to the target culture The two ways of treatment have been generalized and introduced by Lawrence Venuti as domestication and foreignization What makes Venuti’s strategies different from other theorists’ studies is that domestication and DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES foreignization cover both linguistic and cultural guidance, thus his framework has been used widely by recent researchers on issues related to the translation of cultural contents, especially to proper names in various languages and corpora To investigate the challenge of translating culture specific items in fantasy literature, particularly proper names in this case, in the notions of Venuti's domestication and foreignization, this study will examine and compare two Vietnamese translations of "The Fellowship of the Rings", the opening book of the famous trilogy "Lord of the Rings" by J.R.R.Tolkien The corpus has raised several issues in translating proper names in various translation versions of different languages, as John Ronald Reuel Tolkien [J.R.R.Tolkien] – the author, who is also a recognized linguist, a master in linguistic art, had spent much efforts in crafting beautiful and meaningful names in his fantastic world with roots traced back from various of languages he knew: old Scandinavia, old Celtic, English,…and even Sindarin and Quenya – his self-invented language Since it is first published in 1954, the Lord of the Rings has been translated into nearly 80 languages Come with these various translations are various issues of translating the novel which even had got Tolkien involved in the debate One particular issue is how to translate his invented names in the book, because translating it is taking the risk of losing author’s intentions, but keeping the whole system of names in source language will not convey his invented ideas In Vietnamese, there are even two translation versions were published, and they met the same problems “Chúa tể nhẫn – Phần 1: Tình Bằng Hữu Của Chiếc Nhẫn” translated by Pham Viem Phuong and Hoang Long, published online under the penname Nguyen Nam in 2003 and “Chúa tể chiêc nhẫn – Đoàn Hộ Nhẫn” recently translated by Nguyen Thi Thu Yen, Dang Tran Viet and An Ly, published by Nha Nam in 2013 are two translations of Lord of The Rings – The Fellowship of the Rings which have raised lots of debates and discussions on the translation of proper names in the books It is said that the two translations use completely different strategies to translate names and led to different reacts from readers, as most of them love the former and criticize the later, though the later received more compliments and supports from other DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES aim at source-oriented readers, they may retain the same names from ST, ignore the metaphors coined inside the names and lets the plots explained them But if translators aim at the target-oriented readers and want to fully convey author’s intention inside the source texts, either to respect writer’s work or to explain the world in more detail (for children usually), the suggested procedures are adaptation based on the metaphor to translate proper names in this groups It is to say that translators deal with metaphoric proper names may translate the metaphors using modulation or kept untranslated and borrowed words (4) Non-descriptive names with English-sounding effect It is obviously that a literary work written in English will consist of many English names that may have no descriptive meaning in the word itself but they function as cultural-markers of the plot Generally, these names are transferred directly into target text (because they are untranslatable), see in group 4.1.1 But sometimes translators are free to take replacement of the ST elements by TL items which in some way serve the same function and are thus have “equivalence” in their understanding Once again, it depends on the attitudes of the translators toward the readers, the author, the aesthetic values… and accordingly, toward domestication and foreignization strategies to keep these names transferred by borrowing words or translated with equivalence (5) Readership Based on the data and the analysis, it would seem that with each different target readership, translators may choose a appropriate strategy between domestication and foreignization If the intended target audience is presumed to be experienced enough to be able to deal with challenges in the reading process, translators should leave the names intact in their original form to preserve the “Otherness” of the material But if translators aimed at somewhat younger readers, especially in children fantasy 39 DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES literature, they should domesticated the names for a more easy understanding (6) Writer requirements If there is an intervention of writer in the translation of his works, in general translators should follow his guides However, it can be depends translators’ attitude toward the text, his own understanding or other factors so that an independent choice may be made on the translation, as long as the decision is met readers’ expectation Sometimes, though translation is faithfulness with writer’s willing to domesticate the work, readers may still like a foreign flavor as they knew already The impact of previous products such as films, plays, unofficial translations… should be consider seriously before taking any re-translate action 40 DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES CHAPTER IV: CONCLUSION 6.1 Summary of the findings Following the analysis of research findings, this section will summarize the crucial results after all By studying 109 proper names (included 68 anthroponyms and 41 toponyms) together with their treatment in two Vietnamese translations of J.R.R.Tolkien “The Fellowship of the Rings”: “Tình Bằng Hữu Chiếc Nhẫn” by Nguyen Nam (2003) and “Đoàn Hộ Nhẫn” by Nguyen Thi Thu Yen, Dang Tran Viet and An Ly (2013), the researcher have found sub-procedures used by two translators: Borrowing, Literal translation, Adaptation and Equivalence Based on the model framework on domestication and foreignization of Munday (2011) to calculate the usage of each strategy used, answer to Research question have been found out: while translating one similar source text, Nguyen Nam’s dominant strategy applied for proper names are foreignization while Nha Nam choose domestication to be their dominant strategy As answer to the question ‘how domestication and foreignization were used in two translations’ has been found, the researcher continue to study ‘why domestication and foreignization were used as that’ As the analysis has presented, what’s make the most strikingly different in usage of those strategy are the different in personal factors affecting each translator group Firstly, Nguyen Nam translators focused more on the aesthetic values of the novel’s plot rather than aesthetic value of the writing style, while Nha Nam’s translators are vice versa, thus the former tend to more foreignized on proper names and the later tend to more domesticated Secondly, Nguyen Nam translators aimed to approach the readers who are loyal audience of the movie series Lord of The Rings who wish to grasp the original flavor of the text, thus, he foreignized most of the names Nha Nam’s translators, however, aimed at readers who are new readers, mostly children and who are curiosity on the new born of an old classic novel, so they treated the names in the light of domestication Another factor is strategic attitudes, as Nguyen Nam decided to be closeer to the source culture 41 DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES and Nha Nam’s translators chose to be closer to the target culture, foreignization and domestication are respectively the choice of two translator groups Last but not least, a very import factors to explain the tendency of strategy used in two translations is writer’s requirements Among two translator groups, who found and take the writer’s commentaries and explanations on his book’s terms, in this case “Guide to the names in Lord of the Rings” (Tolkien), will translate and take domestication as the dominant strategy in translating names in the text The other chose to translate the text following their own understanding and in this case, Nguyen Nam choose treat names by foreignization Thus, the research suggest that each translators should carefully define their attitudes, define the aesthetic values, the aiming readers, the strategic attitudes, and if possible take time to investigate some researches about the source text they are going to translate After drawing their own translation strategy, that is domestication and foreignization, the translators may chose different procedures to translate the text Aiming to provide future translators some guidelines on translating proper names in fantasy literature using foreignization and domestication, the study has listed out suggestions on the use of domestication and foreignization applied for each particular names groups They are: (1) Non-English proper names should always be foreignized by using borrowing technique (2) Semantically transparence proper names should be translated directly with literal translation (3) Metaphors proper names can be translate using adaptation or kept untranslated and borrowed words (4) Non-descriptive names with Englishsounding effect: kept transferred by borrowing words or translated with equivalence (5) Translation for younger readers should domesticate the text while translation for more experienced reader should keep foreignized (6) Translators should carefully regard writer’s requirement and reader’s requirement before taking a translating action 42 DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES 6.2 Limitations During the process of conducting the paper, the researcher is highly aware of the limitation encountered The lack of time and experience has resulted in the small size of the scope of the study, which is only stretch for two first chapters The corpus (Lord of the Rings) is an enormous novel by which provided lots of field to be studied Concerns only on translation of proper names, the study has miss out various interesting issues such as translation of poems, neologisms or other cultural specific items generated by J.R.R.Tolkien – the father of modern fantasy literature The translation strategy includes domestication and foreignization applied through procedure coined by Vinay and Darbelnet (1955), though there are still several of procedures coined by other translation theorist that can be used to assess the usage of domestication and foreignization, which this study cannot analyze all of them Because of the limited scope of a thesis, the researcher could not investigate more on reader’s reaction on each translation being studied, which need more time and professional knowledge to judge 6.3 Suggestions for further study Being aware of the limitation of the current study, the research suggest that further study can be conducted in different angles based on the theoretical and practical background of the study First, the size of the population in further study can be larger including more proper names in other chapters, or at best, from all book of the trilogy The strategy of domestication and foreignization can be studied based on other framework of translation theorist such as Newmark (2001), Ailexia (2003), or Davies (2006) Moreover, research on reader’s reacts on two translation would be interesting, as it is claimed that readers still love the first unofficial translation than the official one, though the later are translated with more efforts and professional skills Further, researcher who is approaching fantasy translations in general or in Tolkien translations in particular, such as the Silmarillion, Sons of Hurin or who is considering to re-translated his books, or films’ subtitles… may conduct similar researches on this issue 43 DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES List of References  Aixela, J.F (1996) Culture-Specific Items in Translation Translation, Power, Subversion, ed R Alvarez & M Carmen-Africa 52 – 78 Clevedon: Multilingual Matters  Bastin, G.L (1998) Adaptation In M Baker (eds.), Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies London and New York: Routledge  Bertills, Y (2003) Beyond Identification Proper names in children’s literature Åbo: Åbo Akademi University Press  Dang, T.V., Ly, A and Tran.T.T.Y (2013) Đoàn hộ nhẫn Hanoi: Nha Nam  Fawcett, P (1997) Translation and Language Linguistic Theories Explained Manchester and Northampton: St Jerome Publishing  Fernandes, L (2006) Translation of Names in Children’s Fantasy Literature: Bringing the Young Reader into Play In Gabriela Saldanha, G., M Winters and C Bosseaux (eds.): New Voices in Translation Studies, 2, 44–57  Hover, A.M.C (2014) Foreignization and domestication in the translation of verbal and visual text in Japanese manga Leiden University  Interview at press meeting “Kiến tạo giới” (2013)  LaPlante, T (2008) From Manga to Comic: Visual Language in Translation Ohio State University: United States Retrieved from https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/handle/1811/32074  Larsen, Y.J (2009) Shōchū at the Izakaya or Drinks in the Pub? Dealing with the Foreign in the Translation of Contemporary Japanese Fiction University of Oslo: Norway 44 DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES  Laviosa and Braithwaite, S (1998) Universals of translation In M Baker (eds.), Routledge encyclopedia of translation studies, 288-291.London: Routledge  Machali, R (2012), Cases of domestication and foreignization in the translation of Indonesian poetry into English: A preliminary inquiry Journal of Language and Culture, 3(4), 74-82  Mäkinen, K (2010) Harry Potter and the challenges of translation: Treatment of personal names in the Finnish and German translations of the three first Harry Potter books by J K Rowling University of Jyväskylä  Mlotkowski (2006) Mechanisms of foreignisation and domestication in translations of science fiction literature  Munday, J (2001) Introducing translation studies theories and applications New York: Routledge  Newmark, P (1981) Approaches to Translation Oxford: Pergamon Press  Nguyen, N (2003) Tình Bằng Hữu Chiếc Nhẫn Chúa tể nhẫn I Retrieved from http://ebooks.vdcmedia.com  Nida E (1964) Toward a Science of Translating Leiden: E.J Brill  Nord, C (2003) Proper Names in Translations for Children: Alice in Wonderland as a Case in Point Translators' Journal, 48 (1-2), 182–196 Retrieved from http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/006966ar  Oittinen, R 2006 No Innocent Act: On the Ethics of Translating for Children In Van Coillie, J and W.P Verschueren (eds.), Children’s Literature in Translation Challenges and Strategies Manchester: St Jerome, 35–45  Oxford University Press (2001) Oxford Concise English Dictionary (2001)  Pascua-Febles, I (2006) Translating Cultural References: The Language of Young People in Literary Texts In Van Coillie, J and W.P Verschueren 45 DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES (eds.), Children’s Literature in Translation Challenges and Strategies Manchester: St Jerome, 111– 121  Robinson, L.C (2013) What Makes the Names of Middle-earth So Fitting? Elements of Style in the Namecraft of J R R Tolkien Names: A Journal of Onomastics, 61 (2), 65-74 Retrieved from http://www.maneyonline.com/loi/nam  Shen, D and Wong, D (1999) Factors Influencing the Process of Translating Translators' Journal, 44 (1), 78-100  Shuttleworth, M & Cowie, M (1997) Dictionary of translation studies Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press  Song, M (2014) Choice-Making in Rendering Culture-Bound Elements in Literary Translation: A Case Study on the English Translation of 灵魂像风 English Language Teaching, (10) Canada: Canadian Center of Science and Education  Strawson, P F (1971) On Referring In: id., Logico Linguistic Papers 121 London  Suh, J.C (2005) A study of translation strategies in Guilaume Oyono Mbia’s plays University of South Africa  Tolkien, J R R (1954) The Lord of the Rings United Kingdom: George Allen & Unwin  Tolkien, J R R (1967) Guide to the Names in Lord of the Rings  Tymoczko, M (1999) Translation of Postcolonial Context: Early Irish Literature in English Translation Manchester: St Jerome  Van Coillie, J (2006) Character Names in Translation: A Functional Approach In Van Coillie, J and W.P Verschueren (eds.), Children’s Literature in Translation Challenges and Strategies 123–139 Manchester: St Jerome 46 DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES  Venuti, L (1995) The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation, London and New York: Routledge  Venuti, L (1998) The Scandals of Translation: Towards an Ethics of Difference, London and New York: Routledge  Yang, W (2012) Factors Influencing Domestication or Foreignization on the Macro and Micro Levels Theory and Practice in Language Studies, (12) 2674-2679 Finland: Academy Publisher  Ye, H (2014) On Foreignization of Cultural Elements in the Translation of Classical Chinese Poetry Theory and Practice in Language Studies, (6), 1227-1231 Finland: Academy Publisher  Zahre-Bethtash, E and Firoozkoohi, S (2009) A Diachronic Study of Domestication and Foreignization Strategies of Culture-Specific Items: in English-Persian Translations of Six of Hemingway’s works World Applied Sciences Journal 7, (12), 1576-1582 IDOSI Publications 47 DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES APPENDIX 1: Translations of anthroponyms in first two chapters of “The Fellowship of the Rings” No Source text TT1 TT2 Nguyen Nam Nha Nam The Bagginses Nhà Bagginses Nhà Bao Gai The Sackville- Nhà Sackville- Nhà Xắc Vải – Bao Bagginses Bagginses Gai Bilbo Baggins Bilbo Baggins Bilbo Bao Gai Frodo Baggins Frodo Baggins Frodo Bao Gai Drogo Baggins Drodo Baggins Drogo Bao Gai Sam Gamgee Sam Gamgee Sam Gamgee Ham Gamgee Ham Gamgee Ham Gamgee Gaffer Gaffer Bõ Già Hamfast Hamfast Hamfast 10 Old Holman Ông Holman Già Ở Lỗ 11 Took Took Took 12 Noakes Noakes Noakes 13 Brandybucks nhà Brandybucks Nhà Hươu Bia Rum 14 Bucklanders Người Bucklander đám dân Trấn Hươu 15 Daddy Twofoot Daddy Twofoot Bố Hai Chân 16 Gorbadoc Gorbadoc Gorbadoc 17 Sandyman Sandyman Sạn Mịn 18 Gandalf Gandalf Gandalf 19 Boffins Boffins nhà Boffin 48 DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES 20 Grubbs Grubb nhà Bứng 21 Chubbs Chubbs nhà Bống 22 Burrowses Burrowses nhà Hang Thỏ 23 Bolgers Bolgers Nhà Bolger Bolger Bolger 24 Bracegirdles Bracegirdles Chật Nịt Quần 25 Brockhouses Brockhouses Nhà Lửng 26 Goodbodies Goodbodies Nhà Thân Đẹp Goodbody Thân Đẹp 27 Hornblowers Hornblowers Nhà Rúc Tù Và 28 Proudfoot Proudfoot Bàn Chân Oách 29 ProudFEET ProudFEET ĐƠI CHÂN ỐCH 30 LOBELIA LOBELIA LOBELIA XẮC VẢI- SACKVILLE- SACKVILLE- BAO GAI BAGGINS BAGGINS Bolger Goodbody 31 Everard Took Everard Took Everard Took 32 Melilot Meliot Brandybuck Melilot Hươu Bia Rum 33 Odo Proudfoot Odo Proudfoot Odo Bàn Chân Oách 34 Rory Brandybuck Rory Brandybuck Rory Hươu Bia Rum 35 Esmeralda Esmeralda Esmeralda 36 Gollum Gollum Gollum 37 ADELARD TOOK ADELARD TOOK ADELARD TOOK 38 DORA BAGGINS DORA BAGGINS DORA BAO GAI 39 MILO BURROWS MILO BURROWS MILO HANG THỎ Brandybuck 49 DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES 40 ANGELICA ANGELICA ANGELICA 41 HUGO HUGO HUGO CHẬT NỊT BRACEGIRDLE QUẦN 42 Merry Brandybuck Merry Brandybuck Merry Hươu Bia Rum 43 Sancho Proudfoot Sancho Proudfoot Sancho Bàn Chân BRACEGIRDLE Oách 44 Mad Baggins Ông Baggins Điên Bao Gai Điên 45 Folco Boffin Folco Boffin Folco Boffin 46 Fredegar Bolger Fredegar Bolger Fredegar Bolger 47 Peregrin Took Peregrin Took Peregrin Took 48 Pippin Pippin Pippin 49 Meriadoc Meriadoc Meriadoc 50 Orcs Quân Orc Những tên Orc 51 Trolls Quân Troll Quỷ khổng lồ 52 Elves Elves Tiên 53 Dragons Rồng Rồng 54 Ted Sandyman Ted Sandyman Ted Sạn Mịn 55 Hal Hal Hal Halfast Halfast Con Người Trong Mỹ Tiên Halfast 56 Fair Folk Sạch 57 Saruman Saruman Saruman 58 Sauron Sauron Sauron 59 Dark Lord Chúa Tể Hắc Ám Chúa Tể Hắc Ám 60 Gigalad Gigalad Gigalad 50 DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES 61 Elendil Elendil Elendil 62 Isildur Isildur Isildur 63 Stoors Stoor Đại Cồ 64 Sméagol Sméagol Sméagol 65 Déagol Déagol Déagol Deal Deal 66 The White Council Hội Đồng Trắng Hội Đồng Trắng 67 Aragorn Aragorn Aragorn 68 Underhill Underhill Ông Gầm Đồi Deal APPENDIX 2: Translations of toponyms in first two chapters of “The Fellowship of the Rings” No ST TT1 TT2 Bag End Bag End Đáy Bao Hobbiton Vùng Hobbiton Hobbit Thôn the Shire Quận (Shire) Quận the Bywater road đường Bywater đường qua Làng Bờ Nước The Ivy Bush Quán rượu Bụi Rậm Bụi Thường Xuân Ngà Bagshot Row Hàng Bagshot Dãy Lộn Bao In Buckland Vùng Buckland Trấn Hươu the Brandywine River Sông Rượu Mạnh Sông Bia Rum Đun the Brandywine Cầu Rượu Mạnh cầu Bia Rum Đun Bridge 51 DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES 10 the Old Forest Khu Rừng Già Rừng Già 11 in Brandy Hall Căn Phòng Rượu Mạnh Dinh Bia Rum 12 Michel Delving Michel Delving thị trấn Mỏ Cộ 13 in the Westfarthing Westfarthing Tổng Tây 14 and from Dale Từ Dale thành bang Thung Lũng 15 Esgaroth Esgaroth Esgaroth 16 on the Long Lake Hồ Dài Hồ Dài 17 the Mountains Rặng Núi Dãy Núi Mù Sương 18 The Soufarthing vùng Soufarthing Tổng Nam 19 the Blue Vùng Xanh Chốn Mờ Xanh 20 leaving Middle-earth Rời khỏi Giữa Đất Rời Trung Địa 21 East-West Road Con Đường Đông Tây Con đường Đông – Tây 22 the Grey Havens Những Bến Cảng Xám Cảng Xám 23 the Blue Mountains Rặng Núi Xanh Dãy Núi Lam 24 Mordor Vùng Đất Mordor Đất Mordor 25 Mirkwood Mirkwood Rừng Âm U 26 The Dark Tower Ngọn Tháp Đen Tối Tòa Tháp Tối 27 The Green Dragon Rồng Xanh Quán Rồng Xanh 28 North Moors Đồng Bắc Truông Bắc 29 at Overhill Overhill Trên Đồi 30 the Northfarthing Northfarthing Tổng Bắc 31 White Towers Những Ngọn Tháp Ba Tháp Trắng 52 DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION IN TRANSLATING PROPER NAMES Trắng 32 Eregion Eregion Eregion 33 Westernesse Westernesse Tây Châu 34 the Great River Dịng Sơng Lớn Sơng Cả 35 Anduin Anduin Vùng Anduin 36 Gladden Fields Những Khu Vườn Vui Đồng Diên Vĩ Sướng 37 Wilderland Vùng Đất Hoang Dã Vùng Đất Hoang Hơn 38 the Misty Mountains Những Rặng Núi Dãy Núi Mù Sương Sương Mù 39 the Cracks of Doom Những Vết Nứt Địa Khe Định Mệnh Ngục Khe Nứt Địa Ngục 40 Orodruin Orodruin Orodruin 41 Fire- mountain Ngọn Núi Lửa Ngọn Núi Lửa 53 ... HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP NỘI ĐỊA HÓA VÀ NGOẠI LAI HÓA TRONG DỊCH TÊN RIÊNG Nghiên cứu so sánh hai dịch Tiếng Việt ? ?The Fellowship of the Ring? ??... The official Vietnamese translation of Lord of the Rings – the Fellowship of the Rings, come later nearly 60 years after the release of the book, and when there have already 79 translations of. .. translations of Lord of The Rings – The Fellowship of the Rings which have raised lots of debates and discussions on the translation of proper names in the books It is said that the two translations