CHAPTER : PRONUNCIATIONS Consonants PHỤ ÂM VowelsNGUYÊN ÂM CƠ SỞ LÝ THUYẾT Cách phát âm IPA hay Bảng ký hiệu ngữ âm quốc tế hệ thống ký hi ệu ng ữ âm đ ược nhà ngôn ng ữ học tạo sử dụng nhằm thể âm tiết ngôn ngữ c nhân loại m ột cách chuẩn xác riêng biệt i: bee Nguyên âm đơn Monophthons ɪ ʊ ship put u: shoot ɪə clear Nguyên âm đôi Diphthongs eɪ gate e bed ə better ɜ: bird ɔ: door ʊə tour ɔɪ boy əʊ note æ cat ʌ fun ɑ: car ɒ on eə bear aɪ smile aʊ how p pet b bed t tea d dog t∫ cheap dʒ July k key g get f fan v vase θ think ð this s see z zoo ∫ sheep ʒ vision m man n nose η bank h hat l lemon r red w wet j yes Các nguyên âm phụ âm tiếng Anh có số cách phát âm định Sau m ột số cách phát âm thông thường số chữ tiếng Anh I.Nguyên âm đơn: o Quy tắc phát âm chữ nguyên âm đơn tiếng Anh Chữ Phát âm Ví dụ /ỉ/ fan, national a e Page /eɪ/ take, nature /ɔ:/ fail, altogether /ɒ/ want, quality /e/ many, any /ɪ/ message /ə/ afraid, familiar /ɑ:/ after, class /i:/ fever, gene /e/ educate, flexible /ɪ/ explore, security CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM o Quy tắc phát âm chữ nguyên âm đôi tiếng Anh /eɪ/ gain, entertain /eə/ fair, armchair ay /eɪ/ stay, betray au /ɔ:/ naughty, audience aw /ɔ:/ awful, lawn /i:/ beat, measles /eɪ/ great, break /e/ health, feather /eɪ/ weight, eighty /i:/ ceiling, deceive /aɪ/ height /eɪ/ hey, convey /i:/ key /i:/ cheese, kneel /i:/ piece, relieve /aɪ/ lie, tie ea ei ey ee ie oa oo ou ow oi Page /ə/ ancient, proficient /aɪə/ society, quiet /əʊ/ load, coast /ɔ:/ abroad, broaden /u:/ tool, goose /ʊ/ book, foot /ʌ/ flood, blood /aʊ/ mouse, account /əʊ/ soul, shoulder /ʌ/ couple, trouble /u:/ group, souvenir /ʊ/ could, would /ə/ famous, marvelous /aʊ/ cow, brown /əʊ/ throw, yellow /ɔɪ/ voice, join CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM oy /ɔɪ/ joy, boy oe /əʊ/ toe, foe ui /ɪ/ uy /aɪ/ buy, guy ew /ju:/ new, dew build, guitar Lưu ý: o Những quy tắc cách đọc phổ biến, có trường hợp ngoại lệ Khi chưa chắn, phải tra từ điển ghi nhớ cách phát âm từ cho xác IV.Quy tắc phát âm “-s/es” “-ed” CÁCH PHÁT ÂM ĐI “ –ED” CUỐI Quy tắc ( Dựa vào phát âm chữ cuối ) /id/ /t/ t ,d : tình đầu Ex: wanted , ended Ngoại lệ: Đi “ed” tính từ sau đọc /id/ naked aged learned wicked dogged blessed beloved crooked K , SS , X, CH , F , CE , P , GH , SH ( Khúc sông xưa chuyến phà củ phải ghé sang ) Ex: worked , kissed, faxed , watched, laughed , faced , helped , roughed, washed => s -ss ln đúng, -se đọc /t/ /d/ tùy theo từ /d/ b , g , l, m , n, r, v, y, I, e… Ex: played , loved , happened… /s/ CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –S /ES” CUỐI : Quy tắc Thời phong kiến phương tây Ex: cloths, beliefs, books , cups , cats /iz/ Chúng xổ số zới sh ce ge Ex: watches, boxes, buses, buzzes crashes, focuses , resources , bridges /z/ Ex: robs, bags, pools, costumes, begins , floors , leaves Khi gặp gạch chữ S : MỘT SỐ TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÁC - Bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/, có ngoại lệ cần nhớ : s đọc /z/ chữ sau: busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison - Chữ s đọc / ʃ / : sugar, sure Đối với chữ CH - CH đọc /t∫/ bình thường - CH đọc : /k/ gồm chữ sau: chemist, ache, Christmas, mechanic, architect, character … - CH đọc / ʃ / : machine, champagne, chamois, chalet, charade , Page CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM Đối với chữ H - chữ H sau h câm : hour, honor, honest, vehicle, (và gia đình từ chữ này) Đối chữ GH : - Bình thường đọc /f/ Đối với âm /u/ /u:/ - /u/ gồm: put, pull, full, could, woman, foot, look, good, book - /u:/ gồm: food, school, tooth, fruit, June, noon, soup, through, move, shoe, Silent consanant (âm câm) "B"câm đứng sau "M" đứng trứơc "T": bomb, climb, comb, tomb, doubt, subtle, debt (Chú ý: có từ khơng tn theo quy tắc này: timber ) "H" sau h câm: hour, honor, honest "K" câm đứng trước "N": know, knife, knob "N" câm đứng sau "M": autumn, column, hymn, condemn "P" câm: cupboard, receipt, psychology, "W" câm: sword "T" câm: Listen , often , fasten, ballet, … BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions Question A listens Question A kissed Question A express Question A exhaust Question A enjoyed Question A buttons Question A derived Question A extended Question A priority Question 10 A marvelous Question 11 A change Question 12 A cities Question 13 A begged Question 14 A approached Question 15 A laughs Question 16 A finished Question 17 A gossip Question 18 A expands Question 19 A expands Question 20 A promised Question 21 A clear Question 22 A ocean Question 23 A houses Question 24 A bother Question 25 A area Page B reviews B washed B exciting B exam B ironed B books B required B skipped B habitat B assistance B champagne B areas B dogged B sacrificed B mouths B promised B gentle B installs B travels B conserved B treasure B commercial B clothes B worthy B arrange CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM C protects C advertised C expensive C exact C picked C begs C blamed C looked C protection C armchair C channel C envelops C buttoned C unwrapped C slopes C escaped C gamble C swallows C appoints C destroyed C spread C necessary C matches C weather C arrive D enjoys D slipped D exhibition D excellent D served D cans D coughed D watched D essential D argument D choice D days D blamed D obliged D presidents D followed D garage D rejects D animals D proposed D dread D technician D stages D wealthy D arise Question 26 A reduced Question 27 A cooked Question 28 A take Question 29 A about Question 30 A houses Question 31 A kites Question 32 A hire Question 33 A hear Question 34 A attacked Question 35 A possesses Question 36 A derived Question 37 A values Question 38 A supported Question 39 A major Question 40 A circles Question 41 A land Question 42 A lunch Question 43 A matched Question 44 A visits Question 45 A floor Question 46 A around Question 47 A talked Question 48 A cursed Question 49 A amount Question 50 A approached Page B caused B ploughed B name B shout B brashes B hopes B hour B pear B stopped B brushes B faced B accelerates B mended B native B symptoms B sandy B kitchen B worked B destroys B door B south B naked B ragged B countable B enforced CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM C damaged C stopped C eight C wounded C hates C balls C hair C clear C decided C watches C inclined C responsibilities C dressed C sailor C areas C many C technology C cleaned C believes C noodle C souvenir C liked C sacred C country C composed D preserved D finished D back D count D places D kicks D hi D near D searched D indicates D hired D waves D attracted D applicant D complaints D candy D purchase D stepped D depends D board D thousand D asked D compiled D around D embraced ... Question 10 A marvelous Question 11 A change Question 12 A cities Question 13 A begged Question 14 A approached Question 15 A laughs Question 16 A finished Question 17 A gossip Question 18 A expands... architect, character … - CH đọc / ʃ / : machine, champagne, chamois, chalet, charade , Page CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM Đối với chữ H - chữ H sau h câm : hour, honor, honest, vehicle, (và gia đình... souvenir /ʊ/ could, would /ə/ famous, marvelous /aʊ/ cow, brown /əʊ/ throw, yellow /ɔɪ/ voice, join CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM oy /ɔɪ/ joy, boy oe /əʊ/ toe, foe ui /ɪ/ uy /aɪ/ buy, guy ew /ju:/ new, dew build,