Chuyên đề 1 (phát âm) Pronunciation

CHAPTER 1 PRONUNCIATIONS CƠ SỞ LÝ THUYẾT Cách phát âm IPA hay Bảng ký hiệu ngữ âm quốc tế là hệ thống các ký hiệu ngữ âm được các nhà ngôn ngữ học tạo ra và sử dụng nhằm thể hiện các âm tiết trong mọi.

CHAPTER : PRONUNCIATIONS  CƠ SỞ LÝ THUYẾT Cách phát âm IPA hay Bảng ký hiệu ngữ âm quốc tế hệ thống ký hiệu ng ữ âm đ ược nhà ngôn ng ữ học tạo sử dụng nhằm thể âm tiết ngôn ng ữ c nhân lo ại m ột cách chuẩn xác riêng biệt Nguyên âm đơn Monophthons ɪ ʊ ship put PHỤ ÂM Consonants NGUYÊN ÂM Vowels i: bee u: shoot ɪə clear Nguyên âm đôi Diphthongs eɪ gate e bed ə better ɜ: bird ɔ: door ʊə tour ɔɪ boy əʊ note æ cat ʌ fun ɑ: car ɒ on eə bear aɪ smile aʊ how p pet b bed t tea d dog t∫ cheap dʒ July k key g get f fan v vase θ think ð this s see z zoo ∫ sheep ʒ vision m man n nose η bank h hat l r w j l red wet yes emon Các nguyên âm phụ âm tiếng Anh có số cách phát âm định Sau số cách phát âm thông thường số chữ tiếng Anh I.Nguyên âm đơn: o Quy tắc phát âm chữ nguyên âm đơn tiếng Anh Chữ Phát Ví dụ âm /ỉ/ fan, national a e Page /eɪ/ take, nature /ɔ:/ fail, altogether /ɒ/ want, quality /e/ many, any /ɪ/ message /ə/ afraid, familiar /ɑ:/ after, class /i:/ fever, gene /e/ educate, flexible /ɪ/ explore, security CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM o /ə/ interest, chicken /ɒ/ floppy, bottle /ʌ/ son, wonder /əʊ/ post, almost /ə/ /wʌ/ u i y computer, purpose one, once /ʌ/ cut, fungus /ju/ human, university /ʊ/ push /u:/ include /ə/ success /ɪ/ fit, slippery /aɪ/ strive, sacrifice /ə/ terrible, principle /i/ therapy, worry /aɪ/ shy, multiply II.Nguyên âm đôi o Quy tắc phát âm chữ nguyên âm đôi tiếng Anh /eɪ/ gain, entertain /eə/ fair, armchair ay /eɪ/ stay, betray au /ɔ:/ naughty, audience aw /ɔ:/ awful, lawn /i:/ beat, measles /eɪ/ great, break /e/ health, feather /eɪ/ weight, eighty /i:/ ceiling, deceive /aɪ/ height /eɪ/ hey, convey /i:/ key /i:/ cheese, kneel /i:/ piece, relieve /aɪ/ lie, tie ea ei ey ee Page CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM ie oa oo ou /ə/ ancient, proficient /aɪə/ society, quiet /əʊ/ load, coast /ɔ:/ abroad, broaden /u:/ tool, goose /ʊ/ book, foot /ʌ/ flood, blood /aʊ/ mouse, account /əʊ/ soul, shoulder /ʌ/ couple, trouble /u:/ group, souvenir /ʊ/ could, would /ə/ famous, marvelous /aʊ/ cow, brown /əʊ/ throw, yellow oi /ɔɪ/ voice, join oy /ɔɪ/ joy, boy oe /əʊ/ toe, foe ui /ɪ/ uy /aɪ/ buy, guy ew /ju:/ new, dew ow build, guitar Lưu ý: o Những quy tắc cách đọc phổ biến, ngồi có trường hợp ngoại lệ Khi chưa chắn, phải tra từ điển ghi nhớ cách phát âm t ừng từ cho xác III.Phụ âm: o Quy tắc phát âm chữ phụ âm tiếng Anh c d g Page /k/ close, confident /s/ certify, cycle /∫/ special, ocean /d/ dramatic, demand / dʒ/ /g/ gradual, educate / dʒ/ /ʒ/ germ, origin guess, regular beige, garage CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM /n/ neck, fun /η/ uncle, drink /s/ secret, optimist /z/ rose, resume /∫/ sugar, ensure /ʒ/ usually, occasion /t/ tutor, pretence /∫/ option, initial /t∫/ culture, question / gz/ / ks/ / k∫/ / kw/ /k/ exist, exhibit /t∫/ check, bunch /∫/ machine, parachute /∫/ shock, smash /θ/ theme, depth /ð/ thus, feather gh /f/ rough, laughter ph /f/ photo, paragraph n s t x qu ch sh th box, mixture anxious, luxury Queue, require chemist, mechanic IV.Quy tắc phát âm đuôi “-s/es” đuôi “-ed” CÁCH PHÁT ÂM ĐUÔI “ –ED” CUỐI Quy tắc ( Dựa vào phát âm chữ cuối ) /id/ /t/ t ,d : tình đầu Ex: wanted , ended Ngoại lệ: Đi “ed” tính từ sau đọc /id/ naked aged learned wicked dogged blessed beloved crooked K , SS , X, CH , F , CE , P , GH , SH ( Khúc sông xưa chuyến phà củ phải ghé sang ) Ex: worked , kissed, faxed , watched, laughed , faced , helped , roughed, washed => s hoặc -ss thì ln đúng, nhưng -se có thể đọc /t/ /d/ tùy theo từ b , g , l, m , n, r, v, y, I, e… Page CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM /d/ Ex: played , loved , happened… /s/ CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –S /ES” CUỐI : Quy tắc Thời phong kiến phương tây Ex: cloths, beliefs, books , cups , cats /iz/ Chúng xổ số zới sh ce ge Ex: watches, boxes, buses, buzzes crashes, focuses , resources , bridges /z/ Ex: robs, bags, pools, costumes, begins , floors , leaves MỘT SỐ TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÁC  Khi gặp gạch chữ S : - Bình thường chữ s phát âm /s/, có ngoại lệ cần nhớ : s đọc /z/ chữ sau: busy, please, easy, present, desire, music, pleasant, desert, choose, reason, preserve, poison - Chữ s đọc / ʃ / : sugar, sure  Đối với chữ CH - CH đọc /t/ bình thường - CH đọc : /k/ gồm chữ sau: chemist, ache, Christmas, mechanic, architect, character … - CH đọc / ʃ / : machine, champagne, chamois, chalet, charade ,  Đối với chữ H - chữ H sau h câm : hour, honor, honest, vehicle, (và gia đình từ chữ này)  Đối chữ GH : - Bình thường đọc /f/  Đối với âm /u/ /u:/ - /u/ gồm: put, pull, full, could, woman, foot, look, good, book - /u:/ gồm: food, school, tooth, fruit, June, noon, soup, through, move, shoe,  Silent consanant (âm câm) "B"câm đứng sau "M" đứng trứơc "T": bomb, climb, comb, tomb, doubt, subtle, debt (Chú ý: có từ khơng tn theo quy tắc này: timber ) "H" sau h câm: hour, honor, honest "K" câm đứng trước "N": know, knife, knob "N" câm đứng sau "M": autumn, column, hymn, condemn "P" câm: cupboard, receipt, psychology, "W" câm: sword "T" câm: Listen , often , fasten, ballet, …  BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions Question A listens Question A kissed Question A express Question A exhaust Question A enjoyed Question A buttons Question A derived Page B reviews B washed B exciting B exam B ironed B books B required CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM C protects C advertised C expensive C exact C picked C begs C blamed D enjoys D slipped D exhibition D excellent D served D cans D coughed Question A extended Question A priority Question 10 A marvelous Question 11 A change Question 12 A cities Question 13 A begged Question 14 A approached Question 15 A laughs Question 16 A finished Question 17 A gossip Question 18 A expands Question 19 A expands Question 20 A promised Question 21 A clear Question 22 A ocean Question 23 A houses Question 24 A bother Question 25 A area Question 26 A reduced Question 27 A cooked Question 28 A take Question 29 A about Question 30 A houses Question 31 A kites Question 32 A hire Question 33 A hear Question 34 A attacked Question 35 A possesses Question 36 A derived Question 37 A values Question 38 A supported Question 39 A major Question 40 A circles Question 41 A land Question 42 A lunch Question 43 A matched Question 44 A visits Question 45 A floor Question 46 A around Question 47 A talked Question 48 A cursed Page B skipped B habitat B assistance B champagne B areas B dogged B sacrificed B mouths B promised B gentle B installs B travels B conserved B treasure B commercial B clothes B worthy B arrange B caused B ploughed B name B shout B brashes B hopes B hour B pear B stopped B brushes B faced B accelerates B mended B native B symptoms B sandy B kitchen B worked B destroys B door B south B naked B ragged CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM C looked C protection C armchair C channel C envelops C buttoned C unwrapped C slopes C escaped C gamble C swallows C appoints C destroyed C spread C necessary C matches C weather C arrive C damaged C stopped C eight C wounded C hates C balls C hair C clear C decided C watches C inclined C responsibilities C dressed C sailor C areas C many C technology C cleaned C believes C noodle C souvenir C liked C sacred D watched D essential D argument D choice D days D blamed D obliged D presidents D followed D garage D rejects D animals D proposed D dread D technician D stages D wealthy D arise D preserved D finished D back D count D places D kicks D hi D near D searched D indicates D hired D waves D attracted D applicant D complaints D candy D purchase D stepped D depends D board D thousand D asked D compiled Question 49 A amount Question 50 A approached B countable B enforced C country C composed D around D embraced Question 51 A Presses Question52 A Refreshment Question 53 A Blamed Question 54 A Needed Question 55 A Deepen Question 56 A Listens Question 57 A Music Question 58 A Vehicle Question 59 A Question Question 60 A systems Question 61 A Digests Question 62 A Doubt Question 63 A Attempts Question 64 A Vacation Question 65 A Crashed Question 66 A Laugh Question 67 A Enjoyed Question 68 A Houses Question 69 A Advanced Question 70 A Thereupon Question 71 A Days Question 72 A Involved Question 73 A disappointed Question 74 A Technology Question 75 A country Question 76 A Loves Question 77 A Replied Question 78 A Mended Question 79 A Buses Question 80 A programs B precedes B effective B approached B laughed B beaten B reviews B refusal B hospital B minute B interviews B defends B found B conserves B nation B killed B high B loved B services B surprised B thrill B speaks B organized B interviewed B chores B counter B spends B required B faced B charges B individuals C judges C residential C secured C tempted C canteen C protects C studying C honest C disruptive C letters C threatens C touch C obeys C question C cured C thought C joined C passages C orphaned C through C dates C impressed C recorded C exchange C amount C cooks C advanced C objected C lorries C subjects D catches D enthusiastic D installed D wanted D leather D enjoys D human D heir D suitable D interests D swallows D foul D studies D exhibition D waved D eight D helped D techniques D weighed D throne D kits D carried D graduated D choice D around D songs D achieved D waited D bushes D celebrations Page CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM ... Question 10 A marvelous Question 11 A change Question 12 A cities Question 13 A begged Question 14 A approached Question 15 A laughs Question 16 A finished Question 17 A gossip Question 18 A expands... dramatic, demand / dʒ/ /g/ gradual, educate / dʒ/ /ʒ/ germ, origin guess, regular beige, garage CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM /n/ neck, fun /η/ uncle, drink /s/ secret, optimist /z/ rose, resume /∫/ sugar,... -ss thì ln đúng, nhưng -se có thể đọc /t/ /d/ tùy theo từ b , g , l, m , n, r, v, y, I, e… Page CHUYÊN ĐỀ : PHÁT ÂM /d/ Ex: played , loved , happened… /s/ CÁCH PHÁT ÂM “ –S /ES” CUỐI : Quy tắc Thời