Chúng ta dùng thì continuous để hỏi hay nói how long - bao lâu (cho hành động vẫn còn đang xảy ra).. How long have you been reading that book.[r]
(1)Present perfect continuous Present Perfect Continuous Tense I have been singing
How we make the Present Perfect Continuous Tense? The structure of the present perfect continuous tense is:
subject + auxiliary verb + auxiliary verb + main verb have
has been base + ing
Here are some examples of the present perfect continuous tense: subject auxiliary verb auxiliary verb main verb
+ I have been waiting for one hour
+ You have been talking too much
- It has not been raining
- We have not been playing football
? Have you been seeing her?
? Have they been doing their homework?
Contractions
When we use the present perfect continuous tense in speaking, we often contract the subject and the first auxiliary We also sometimes this in informal writing
(2)You have been You've been He has been
She has been It has been John has been The car has been
He's been She's been It's been John's been The car's been We have been We've been They have been They've been
Here are some examples: I've been reading
The car's been giving trouble
We've been playing tennis for two hours
How we use the Present Perfect Continuous Tense?
This tense is called the present perfect continuous tense There is usually a connection with the present or now There are basically two uses for the present perfect continuous tense:
1 An action that has just stopped or recently stopped
We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past and stopped recently There is usually a result now.
I'm tired because I've been running
past present future
!!! Recent action Result now
I'm tired [now] because I've been running. Why is the grass wet [now]? Has it been raining?
(3)2 An action continuing up to now
We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an action that started in the past and is continuing now This is often used with for or since.
I have been reading for hours
past present future
Action started in past Action is continuing now
I have been reading for hours [I am still reading now.] We've been studying since o'clock [We're still studying now.] How long have you been learning English? [You are still learning now.] We have not been smoking [And we are not smoking now.]
For and Since with Present Perfect Continuous Tense We often use for and since with the present perfect tense.
We use for to talk about a period of time - minutes, weeks, years.
We use since to talk about a point in past time - o'clock, 1st January, Monday.
for since
a period of time a point in past time x
20 minutes 6.15pm
three days Monday
6 months January
(4)2 centuries 1800 a long time I left school
ever the beginning of time
etc etc
Here are some examples:
I have been studying for hours. I have been watching TV since 7pm. Tara hasn't been feeling well for weeks. Tara hasn't been visiting us since March. He has been playing football for a long time. He has been living in Bangkok since he left school.
Present perfect continuous
A It has been raining Xem ví dụ sau:
Is it raining?
No, but the ground is wet It has been raining
Trời vừa mưa xong
(5)I/we/they/you have (=I've etc.) been waiting I/we/they/you have (=I've etc.) been playing etc
he/she/it has (=he's ect.) been doing he/she/it has (=he's ect.) been waiting he/she/it has (=he's ect.) been playing etc
Ta dùng present perfect continuous nói hành động kết thúc gần hay vừa kết thúc kết có liên hệ hay ảnh hưởng tới tại:
You’re out to breath Have you been running? (you are out of breath now)
Bạn trông mệt đứt Bạn vừa chạy phải không? (hiện anh đứt hơi)
Paul is very tired He’s been working very hard (he's tired now)
Paul mệt Anh vừa làm việc căng (bây anh mệt)
Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
Sao quần áo bạn bẩn Bạn vừa làm vậy?
I’ve been talking to Carol about the problem and she thinks that
(6)B It has been raining for two hours Xét ví dụ sau:
It is raining now It began raining two hours ago and it is still raining
Trời mưa Trời mưa hai mưa
How long has it been raining?
It has been raining for two hours
Trời mưa hai tiếng đồng hồ
Chúng ta dùng present perfect contiuous cho trường hợp này, đặc biệt dùng với how long, for since Hành động xảy (như ví dụ trên) hay vừa chấm dứt.
How long have you been learning English? (you're still learning English)
Bạn học tiếng Anh rồi? (bạn học tiếng Anh)
Tim is watching television He has been watching television for two hours
(7)Where have you been? I have been looking for you for the last half hour
Anh đâu vậy? Tơi tìm anh nửa tiếng đồng hồ
George hasn’t been feeling well recently
George vừa cảm thấy khỏe gần
Chúng ta dùng present perfect continuous để hành động lặp lặp lại khoảng thời gian:
Debbie is a very good player tennis She’s been playing since she was eight
Debbie vận động viên quần vợt giỏi Cô chơi quần vợt từ lên tám
Every morning they meet in the same cafô They’ve been going there for years
Mỗi sáng họ lại gặp quán cà phê Họ đến quán nhiều năm
C So sánh I am doing (xem UNIT 1) I have been doing
Don’t disturb me now I am working
(8)I’ve been working hard, so now I’m going to have a rest
Tôi làm việc nhiều nên nghỉ
We need an umbrella It’s raining
Chúng cần dù Trời mưa
The ground is wet It’s been raining
Mặt đất ướt Trời mưa
Hurry up ! We’re waiting
We’ve been waiting for an hour Present perfect continuous and simple
A Nghiên cứu ví dụ sau:
Ann’s clothes are covered in paint She has been painting the ceiling
Quần áo Ann dính tồn sơn Cơ sơn trần nhà
(9)Trần nhà trước màu trắng Bây màu xanh Cơ sơn trần nhà
Has been painting present perfect continuous (thì hồn thành tiếp diễn): Ở chúng ta quan tâm đến hành động mà khơng quan tâm đến hành động hồn tất hay chưa Ở ví dụ trên, hành động sơn tường chưa kết thúc.
Has painted present perfect simple (thì hồn thành): Ở này, điều quan trọng sự hoàn thành hành động Has painted hành động hoàn tất Chúng ta quan tâm đến kết quả hành động khơng phải thân hành động đó.
So sánh ví dụ sau:
My hands are very dirty I’ve been repairing the car
Tay bẩn Tôi sửa xe
The car is OK again I’ve repaired it
Chiếc xe lại tốt Tơi sửa
She’s been smoking too much recently She should smoke less
Gần cô hút thuốc nhiều Cơ nên hút
Somebody has smoked all my cigarettes The packet is empty
(10)It’s nice to meet you again What have you been doing since we last met?
Rất mừng gặp lại bạn Bạn làm từ gặp lần sau cùng?
Where’s the book I gave you? What have you done with it?
Cuốn sách tặng bạn đâu rồi? Bạn làm với nó?
Where have you been? Have you been playing tennis?
Bạn đâu vậy? Bạn chơi quần vợt phải không?
Have you ever played tennis?
Bạn chơi quần vợt chưa?
Chúng ta dùng continuous để hỏi hay nói how long - (cho hành động xảy ra)
How long have you been reading that book?
Bạn đọc sách rồi?
(11)Mary cịn viết thư Cơ viết thư ngày hôm
They’ve been playing tenis since o’clock
Họ chơi quần vợt từ lúc
Chúng ta dùng simple để hỏi hay nói how much, how many hay how many times (cho hành động kết thúc)
How many pages of that book have you read?
Bạn đọc trang sách rồi?
Mary has written ten letters today
Hôm Mary viết mười thư
They’ve played tennis three times this week
Họ chơi quần vợt ba lần tuần
Một số động từ (ví dụ know/like/believe) khơng dùng với continuous.
I’ve known about it for a long time (not "I've been knowing")
(12)EXERCISE 1:
Exercise on Present Perfect Progressive
Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect progressive)
1 He (work) in this company since 1985 I (wait) for you since two o'clock Mary (live) in Germany since 1992
4 Why is he so tired? He (play) tennis for five hours How long (learn / you) English?
6 We (look for) the motorway for more than an hour I (live) without electricity for two weeks
8 The film (run / not) for ten minutes yet, but there's a commercial break already How long (work / she) in the garden?
10 She (not / be) in the garden for more than an hour Exercise on Present Perfect Progressive
Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect progressive) He has been working in this company since 1985 I have been waiting for you since two o'clock Mary has been living in Germany since 1992
4 Why is he so tired? He has been playing tennis for five hours How long have you been learning English?
6 We have been looking for the motorway for more than an hour I have been living without electricity for two weeks
(13)8 The film has not been running for ten minutes yet, but there's a commercial break already How long has she been working in the garden?
10 She has not been in the garden for more than an hour EXERCISE 2:
Examples: You / run / in the park.
You've been running in the park 1 She / sit / on the chair
2 I / look / at the lovely scenery 3 We / talk / about the new teacher 4 It / rain / all day
5 He / learn / English for two years 6 I / work / at the bank
7 They / feel / sick since Tuesday 8 He / smoke / in my house 9 We / go to that new shop
10 George and Harry / watch / football Put each verb in the correct form
REMEMBER: have/has + been + -ing
1 I for several hours (study)
2 You for a long time (dance)
(14)5 They around the world for six weeks (travel) Present Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous gap-fill exercise
1 She (study) English for years
2 Peter (come) here on holiday every year since
1989
3 She (teach) our group for two years
4 How long (you wait) here?
5 It (rain) for over hours
6 I (write) this report for days
7 Mr Brown (work) in this office for years
8 My dog (not eat) properly I must take him to
the vets
9 Jane (lie) in the sun for too long
10 I (try) to stop smoking since 1985
It has been _ for a week.
snows snowing snowed snow
(15)has have are is
She's _ thinking about changing her job.
was has have been
We've been living here _ months.
since to last for
Mike's been fishing _ dawn.
(16)Do the exercises below on the present perfect simple and continuous and click on the answer button to check your answers.
(Before doing the exercises you may want to read the lesson on present perfect simple and continuous) Write sentences in present perfect simple.
1 They / play / football - He / speak / English - I / write / a poem -
4 We / not / wash / the car - Nancy / not / meet / her friends- Write questions in present perfect simple.
1 They / finish / their homework - She / visit / her friend-
3 The maid / clean / the house - He / drive / the van -
5 You / ever / write / a poem -
Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple or simple past).
(17)2 We (buy) a new car last week We (not / plan) our holiday yet
4 She (not / see) her mother for a long time He (write) a beautiful poem yesterday
Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple or continuous).
1 I think the waiter (forget) us We (wait) here for over half an hour and nobody (take) our order yet
2 I think you're right He (walk) by us at least twenty times He probably thinks we
(order, already)
Write sentences in present perfect simple.
1 They / play / football - They have played football He / speak / English - He has spoken English I / write / a poem - I have written a poem
4 We / not / wash / the car - We have not washed the car / We haven't washed the car
5 Nancy / not / meet / her friends- Nancy has not met her friends / Nancy hasn't met her friends
Write questions in present perfect simple.
1 They / finish / their homework - Have they finished their homework? She / visit / her friend- Has she visited her friend?
3 The maid / clean / the house - Has the maid cleaned the house? He / drive / the van - Has he driven the van?
(18)Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple or simple past).
1 I (not / work) have not worked / haven't worked today We (buy) bought a new car last week
3 We (not / plan) have not planned / haven't planned our holiday yet She (not / see) has not seen / hasn't seen her mother for a long time He (write) wrote a beautiful poem yesterday
Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple or continuous).
1 I think the waiter (forget) has forgotten us We (wait) have been waiting here for over half an hour and nobody (take) has taken our order yet
2 I think you're right He (walk) has been walking by us at least twenty times He probably thinks we (order, already) have already ordered
EXERCISE 4:
Present Perfect Simple or Continuous
Complete the sentences below with either the simple or continuous form of present perfect.
1. Heidi is a writer You ask her:
a How many books (write)?
b How long (write)?
2. Bill is waiting for you You ask him:
How long (wait)?
3. You see Ken playing tennis You ask him:
a How many games (play)?
b How long (play) tennis?
c Ken tennis since he was years old
4. Jill is learning Spanish You ask her:
(19)5. Jeff is smoking
a He (smoke) 10 cigarettes so far today
b He (smoke) all morning
6. John is an actor
He (be) in eight movies
The answers are: have you written have you been writing have you been waiting have you played have you been playing has been playing have you been learning has smoked
9 has been smoking 10 has been
Examples: I / study / very hard lately.
I haven't been studying very hard lately 1 I / grow / vegetables for a while
2 You / walk / very much lately 3 She / come / home early
(20)7 We / go / to the new swimming pool 8 He / exercise / regularly
9 You / read / much recently 10 They / meet / in secret
The answers are:
1 I haven't been growing vegetables for a while You haven't been walking very much lately She hasn't been coming home early
4 The clock hasn't been working since last year Tina hasn't been teaching English all year They haven't been living in Sydney since 1995 We haven't been going to the new swimming pool He hasn't been exercising regularly
9 You haven't been reading much recently 10 They haven't been meeting in secret
Present Perfect Continuous - Questions
Examples: you / learn / English
Have you been learning English? How long / you / learn / English
How long have you been learning English?
1. you / study / hard?
(21)3. how long / we / wait / here?
4. how long / she / work / at that school?
5. what / you / do?
6. how long / it / rain?
7. you / cry?
8. they / travel / around Asia?
9. Lilly / have / a hard time at work? 10. how long / you / wash / cars? The answers are:
1 Have you been studying hard?
2 Has he been going to his mother's very often? How long have we been waiting here?
4 How long has she been working at that school? What have you been doing?
6 How long has it been raining? Have you been crying?
8 Have they been travelling (or traveling) around Asia? Has Lilly been having a hard time at work?
10 How long have you been washing cars?
EXERCISE 5:
Now complete the sentences below using the correct form.
(22)been leaving
leaving
left
2) I have never _ the Great Wall of China before.
see
seen
saw
3) I have lived in Cape Town _ two months.
for
since
already
4) Kelly is in her bed, she has _ for three hours.
sleeping
been sleep
(23) 5) My teacher is going to be so angry; I haven't finished my homework _.
since
yet
already
6) I am an English student; I have been studying English _ 2007.
just
for
since
7) The builders are very efficient; they have _ finished the foundations for our house.
yet
already
since
(24)been eating
eaten
eating
9) Katie must be around here somewhere, I have _ seen her.
yet
since
just
Complete with present perfect or present perfect continuous tense
1 I have bought / have been buying a new pair of shoes
2 Have you finished / Have you been finishing reading that book yet? I have been reading / have read this book now, so you can have it back I haven’t seen / haven’t been seeing you for ages
5 I have finished / have been finishing my work I have lost/ have been losing my key
7 I have been writing / have written three letters since now He has visited / has been visiting ten museums this week She has found / has been finding a good job
(25)10 Oh, no! There’s no wine to drink They have drunk / have been drinking all the wine 11 I have been writing / have written eight pages already
12 She has fallen / has been falling off the horse 13 My bother has won / has been winning the lottery
14 I have driven / have been driving for over eight hours now I am extremely tired 15 I have submitted / have been submitting my report
1 have bought Have you finished have read
4 haven’t seen have finished have lost have written has visited has found 10 have drunk 11 have written 12 has fallen 13 has won
on present perfect simple nd continuous