Đang tải... (xem toàn văn)
Chúng ta có thể dùng ONE thay vì lặp lại danh từ đếm được số ít và ONES thay vì lặp lại 1 danh từ số nhiều khi sự việc hoặc sự vật mà chúng ta muốn nói đến đã rõ ràng.. - “ONE” được dùn[r]
(1)NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH: ĐẠI TỪ BẤT ĐỊNH
1 ONE, ONES
a Chúng ta dùng ONE thay lặp lại danh từ đếm số ONES thay lặp lại danh từ số nhiều việc vật mà muốn nói đến rõ ràng
- “ONE” dùng để nói đến người hay vật người hay vật loại đề cập đến “ONE” dùng để tránh lập lập lại danh từ
Ex: “Can I get you a drink?” “It’s okay, I’ve already got one.”( = a drink) It was a problem, but not a major one (= a problem)
I’m only using this radio until I can buy a better one ( = radio)
“ONE” câu thứ thay cho “drink” để tránh lập lập lại danh từ “ONE” câu thứ hai thay cho “problem” để tránh lập lập lại danh từ “ONE” câu thứ ba thay cho “radio” để tránh lập lập lại danh từ
- “ONES ” dùng để nói đến nhiều người hay nhiều vật người hay vật loại đề cập đến “ONES” dùng để tránh lập lập lại danh từ trước
I think his best poems are his early ones (= poems)
Mr Linden’s experiences with his son are ones that are shared by countless other parents.(= experiences)
“ONES” câu thứ thay cho “poems” để tránh lập lập lại danh từ “ONES” câu thứ hai thay cho “experiences” để tránh lập lập lại danh từ - Chúng ta không dùng one/ ones thay cho danh từ không đếm
(2)[ NOT … I’ll bring you one/ ones.]
I like brown bread but not white [ NOT …but not white one.] (Tơi thích bánh mì đen khơng phải bánh mì trắng.)
- Chúng ta dùng ones không xác định cách xác vật, việc nói đến thuộc nhóm Thay vào đó, ta dùng some
Ex: “ We need new curtains,” “Okay, let’s buy green ones this time.”
(‘Chúng ta cần có rèm mới.’ ‘Được rồi, lần mua màu xanh lá.’) ‘We need new curtains,’ ‘Okay, let’s buy some.’
(‘Chúng ta cần có rèm mới.’ ‘Được rồi, mua vài ’) [ NOT…Okay, let’s buy ones.’]
- “One/ Ones” dùng để nói người hay người nghe biết rõ người nói
Ex: David and I are the only ones who are not married Who is the one with the beard?
The clever ones always come out on top I speak as one who has seen much suffering
- Chúng ta thường dùng Which one(s) ….? câu hỏi chọn lựa Ex: A: Which one would you like, the black dress or the white one?
B: I’d like the black one, please
(3)b Chúng ta không dùng one/ ones sau danh từ dùng tính từ Ex: I thought my key was in my trouser pocket, but it was in my coat pocket
( Tôi tưởng chìa khóa tơi túi quần, túi áo khốc.) [NOT…my coat one]
- Thay dùng one/ ones sau tính từ sở hữu ( my, your, his, her…), ta dùng đại từ từ sở hữu (mine, yours, hers, his…)
Ex: Take your coat and pass me mine [NOT…pass me my one]( Hãy lấy áo khoác bạn đưa giúp tôi.)
- Chúng ta thường dùng ones để vật người
Ex: We need two people to help We could ask those men over there ( Chúng ta cần hai người giúp Chúng ta nhờ người đằng kia.) [NOT…ask those ones…]
- Tuy nhiên, ones dùng câu so sánh để nhóm người
Ex: Older students seem to work harder than younger one s ( or …than younger students.) (Các sinh viên lớn tuổi dường học hành chăm sinh viên tuổi.)
- Chúng ta dùng ones để người cụm từ the little ones = (small children), (your) loved ones (= usually close family), (one of) the lucky ones.
c Có thể lược bỏ one/ ones - Sau which
Ex: When we buy medicines, we have no way of knowing which (ones) contain sugar (Khi mua thuốc, chẳng thể biết loại có đường.)
- Sau so sánh
Ex: Look at that pumkin! It’s the biggest (one) I’ve seen this year
(4)- Sau this, that, these, those sau either, neither, another, each, the first/ second/ last, v.v Ex: Help yourself to grapes These (ones) are the sweetest, but those (ones) taste best ( Mời bạn ăn nho Những nhất, ngon nhất.)
Karl pointed to the paintings and said I could take either (one) ( or … either of them.) ( Karl tranh bảo tơi thích lấy được.)
d Không thể lược bỏ one/ ones
- sau the , the only, the main, every
Ex: When you cook clams you shouldn’t eat the ones that don’t open ( Khi nấu sị, bạn khơng nên ăn khơng mở vỏ.)
- sau tính từ (trừ tính từ màu sắc)
Ex: My shoes were so uncomfortable that I had to go out today and buy some new ones ( Gìay của tơi khó chịu hôm phải mua đôi mới.)
‘Have you decided which jumper to buy?’ ‘Yes, I think I’ll take the blue (ones).’ ( “Bạn quyết định mua áo khác chưa?” “Rồi, nghĩ mua màu xanh.”)
2 SOMEONE, ANYONE, NOONE, EVERYONE
Chúng ta thêm -one/ -body/ -thing/ -where vào some/ any/ no/ every -one someone, anyone, no one, everyone
-body somebody, anybody, nobody,everybody -thing something, anything,nothing,everything -where somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere
(5)- Chúng ta dùng somebody, nobody, anybody everybody thay cho đại từ mà khác biệt ngữ nghĩa
A Some & Someone, somebody, something, ect. - Some dùng
+ câu khẳng định
Ex: They bought some honey (Họ mua mật ong) + câu hỏi mà người hỏi cho câu trả lời ‘yes’ Ex: Did some of you sleep on the floor?
( Chắc vài người bạn phải ngủ sàn?) + lời mời, lời đề nghị hay yêu cầu
Ex: Would you like some wine? (Bạn uống chút rượu vang nhé?) Could you some typing for me? (Bạn đánh máy giùm tơi nhé?)
- Những từ ghép có some someone, somebody, something sử dụng theo nguyên tắc
Ex: Someone/ Somebody gave me a ticket for the pop concert ( Có người cho vé xem nhạc pop)
- Chúng ta dùng someone, somebody không muốn nói tên người với nghĩa đó, người
Ex: There’s someone at the door ( Có cửa)
Somebody has broken the window (Có người làm vỡ cửa sổ)
(6)Ex: He want to become someone
- Tính từ bổ nghĩa cho “someone” đứng đằng sau từ Ex: Someone nice is trying to help him
I’ve invited someone special that I want you to meet
- Chúng ta dùng something để vật khơng muốn nói
Ex: Vicky has something in her hand (Vicky nắm tay)
- Chúng ta dùng somewhere khơng thể khơng muốn nói xác vị trí Ex: I’ve put your book somewhere in your room I don’t remember where (Tơi để sách đâu phịng bạn Tơi khơng nhớ đâu.)
B Any & Anyone, anybody, anything, ect - Any dùng
+ câu phủ định
Ex: I haven’t any matches ( Tơi chẳng có que diêm cả.)
- Chúng ta dùng anyone, anybody, anything,anywhere câu hỏi câu phủ định Ex: John didn’t give me anything (John chẳng cho tơi thứ cả)
Did anybody telephone? (Có gọi điện khơng?)
(7)Ex: I always offer to help organize school concerts, but there is seldom anything for me to (Tôi ln đề nghị giúp tổ chức buổi hịa nhạc trường , có cho tơi làm.)
I have hardly any spare time (Tôi chẳng có chút thời gian rỗi nào.) He crossed the frontier without any difficulty (= with no difficulty.)
(Anh ta vượt qua biên giới chẳng chút khó khăn) + câu hỏi ( ngoại trừ dạng dùng some) Ex: Have you got any money? (Anh có tiền không?)
- Anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere thường dùng mệnh đề bắt đầu before, với dạng so sánh, sau if whether cụm từ diễn tả nghi ngờ. Ex: I cleared up the mess before anyone saw it (Tôi dọn mớ hỗn độn trước người khác nhìn thấy.)
She valued friendship more than anything in the world (Cô coi trọng tình bạn bất cứ thứu đời.)
If you need any more money, please let me know (Nếu bạn cần thêm tiền, cho biết.)
I don’t think there is any petrol in the tank (Tơi khơng cho có chút xăng bồn)
- “Anyone” hay “anybody” dùng thay cho “someone” câu phủ định câu nghi vấn sau động từ forbid, prevent, ban, avoid
(8)I forbid anyone to touch that clock
- “Anyone” dùng để diễn đạt ý “bất kỳ ai” Ex: Anybody can see that it’s wrong
The exercises are so simple that almost anyone can them - Dùng câu phủ định đôi lúc có nghĩa người quan Ex: She wasn’t anybody before she got that job
C No & No one, nobody, nothing, ect
- No dùng với động từ khẳng định để diễn đạt ý phủ định
Ex: I have no apples (= I don’t have any apples.) ( Tơi khơng có táo nào.)
- Chúng ta dùng no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere với nghĩa phủ định với động từ khẳng định
Ex: There was no one at home (Chẳng có nhà cả)
I’ve got nowhere to hide ( Tơi chẳng có chỗ để ẩn nấp.) No one/ Nobody has ever given me a free ticket for anything. (Chưa có ai/ người cho tơi vé xem gì)
- “No one” “Nobody” đại từ diễn đạt ý “khơng có ai” Trong văn viết “no one” dùng thông dụng “nobody”
Ex: No one was at home
We were told to speak to no one There was no one else around
(9)- Every dùng để (mỗi) người vật,…
Ex: We watch T.V every day (Ngày xem tivi.)
- Chúng ta dùng everyone, everybody, everything, everywhere với nghĩa tất người thứ
Ex: Everyone had a good time at the party (Mọi người vui vẻ bữa tiệc.) I bought everything you wanted (Tôi mua tất thứ bạn yêu cầu.) - “Everybody” hay “Everyone” đại từ, có nghĩa tất người
Ex: Have you asked everybody?
Didn’t you like it? Everybody else did :Lưu ý
- dùng với danh từ số some thường có nghĩa khơng xác định khơng biết, any có nghĩa
Ex: Some idiot parked his car outside my garage (Gã ngốc đỗ xe trước garage của tôi.)
Any dictionary will give you the meaning of these words.
(Bất từ điển cho bạn biết nghĩa từ này.)
- đại từ làm chủ ngữ dùng với động từ số (singular verbs) Ex: Is anybody here? (Có không?) [NOT… Are anybody here?]
Everybody likes her (Mọi người thích ấy.) [ NOT…Everybody like her.]
(10)Ex: If anybody wants a ticket for the concert, they can get it from my office (Nếu có cần vé xem hịa nhạc, học lấy vé văn phịng tơi.)
Something went wrong , didn’t it? ( Có điều không đúng, phải không?) - Someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody dùng dạng sở hữu Ex: Someone’s passport has been stolen (Hộ chiếu người vừa bị cắp.) - Chủ ngữ từ ghép với NO, ANY, EVERY SOME, vật , phần hỏi đuôi ta dùng đại từ “IT”; người, phần hỏi đuôi ta dùng đại từ “THEY”
a Đại từ bất định nothing, everything thay “IT” Ex: Everything is okay, isn’t it ?
Nothing is wrong, is it ?
b No one, nobody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody thay “THEY”
Ex: Nobody called on the phone, did they? Everyone took the test, didn’t they ? 3 LUYỆN TẬP
Exercise 1: For question - 20, choose from the four options given (marked A, B,C, and D) one best answer to complete each sentence.
1 I asked if …… wanted an ice cream?
A anyone b someone c everyone d no one Did …… phone me when I was out?
A someone b anyone c everyone d no one
3 Your face looks horribly familiar Haven’t I seen you …… before?
A anywhere b nowhere c somewhere d everywhere
(11)A nothing b something c everything d anything
5 I have never been …… more beautiful than Thailand
A anywhere b nowhere c somewhere d everywhere Who was at the party? …… Pete, Anne Mark , Barry, all the Pearsons, Sally Masters and Sally Bennett
A Anyone b Everyone c Someone d No one
7 What would you like to eat for lunch? …… I don’t mind
A Nothing b Something c Anything d Everything
8 Where you want to go on holiday? …… with a beach I don’t care where we go as long as it’s sunny and has got a nice sandy beach
A Everywhere b Where c Nowhere d Anywhere
9 I have …… to say to you Goodbye
A nothing b something c everything d anything 10 I felt so embarrassed I was sure that …… was looking at me
A anyone b everyone c someone d no one
11 The washing-machine has broken down again I think we should get ……
A a new b new c a new one d new one
12 All the guest were dancing …… having a good time
A All was b Every was c Someone were d Everyone was
13 ….… happened to our friend
(12)c Something awful have d Anything awful has 14 Which of the two you need? The thick book or …… ?
A The thin one b thin one c thin ones d the thin ones 15 This hotel is much better than …… we stayed in last year
A A one b the c the one d one
16 You are the first person to read this I have given it to ……
A Someone b anyone c everyone d no one
17 I heard a sound , I looked everywhere but I couldn’t find ……
A Anyone b someone c no one d somebody 18 “ I love colorful skirt” ~ “Okay, let’s buy …….”
A Some with flowers on b one with flower on
C One d ones
19 I’ve called several times but …… answered me
A Anyone b someone c no one d another one
20 Nobody was in class after Chinese lesson yesterday, ……?
A Wasn’t it b weren’t they c was it d were they
Exercise 2: Complete the following sentence with someone, anyone, no one or everyone, one, ones Each word can be used more than once.
1 If you’d like a biscuit, help yourself to … one
(13)3 I like most apples, but I don’t like green ……ones
4 Students from Year look eager while the …… from Year look bored when they talk about their school.ones
5 Those are the many kinds of traditional food of our country Would you like to try …….?
one
6 We wish both uptown people and the downtown …… happiness in the New Year ones
7 When compared, her cake looks more beautiful while …… made by her mother tastes better one
8 Do you hear there is …… beating a drum in the distance someone
9 Does …… have any good ideas for audience attraction speech topic anyone
10 She heard a rap at the door, she went to the door but there was …… there No one
11 I felt really lonely last night, there wasn’t …… that I know in that party anyone
12 I don’t think …… loves playing that game It’s so boring someone
13 ….… called when you were out, they left a message and asked you to call back someone
14 Can I start my presentation right now? Has …… arrived? everyone
15 There’s ……….outside Can you go and see who that is? someone
16 Linda did not come to Chinese class for a week, and ……… knows the reason why anyone
17 ….… promised to come to my birthday party, but ……… came Everyone, no one
Exercise 3: Rewrite sentence, use pronoun ONE or ONES Of the two T-shirt I love the red T -shirt
(14)2 My mom is cooking a chicken soup Your mom is cooking a chicken soup, too
My mom is cooking a chicken soup, your mom is cooking a chicken one, too
3 I like listening to music, especially the music of Britney Spears
I like listening to music, especially the one of Britney Spears
4 I didn’t have cell phone in high school because my father didn’t want me to have a cell phone
I didn’t have cell phone in high school because my father didn’t want me to have one My parents let me choose a bicycle, and I took the white bicycle
My parents let me choose a bicycle, and I took the white one
6 There are so many celebrations in Vietnam, but I think the most important and meaningful celebration is Lunar New Year holiday
There are so many celebrations in Vietnam, but I think the most important and meaningful one is Lunar New Year holiday
7 We are close friends, we can share each other both our happy stories and sad stories about our life
We are close friends, we can share each other both our happy stories and sad ones about our life
8 These are the pencils of mine, those are the pencils of my younger sister
These are the pencils of mine, those are the ones of my younger sister
9 If I were you, I would choose the big back bag instead of the small back bag
(15)10 My father want me to study at a private university, but my mother want me to study me to study at a public university
My father want me to study at a private university, but my mother want me to study me to study at a publicone
Exercise Choose a, b, c, or d that best completes each unfinished sentences; substitutes the underlined part; or has a close meaning to the original one.
1 Having a good diet gives me a sense that I am doing …… positive and that I am in control A something b one c someone d anything
2 There is ……… outside the house
A One b someone c anyone d anybody
3 I have not spoken to …… all day because I have a sore throat
A Someone b nobody c anybody d ones
4 I need ……… reliable to look after the baby while I am at work
A Anyone b everybody c none d someone
5 She was ……… to leave without saying goodbye
A Only one b ones c the ones d the only one
6 ….…… can attend so you don’t have to be invited
A Somebody b someone c anyone d only one
7 ….…… told me she was ill so I did not pay her a visit
A Everyone b no one c someone d anyone
(16)A Someone b anyone c no one d anybody I phoned last night but ……… answered
A No one b someone c everyone d anyone 10 ….…… in the street was shocked when they heard the news
A Ones b everyone c someone d anyone
11 She used to love cats but since ……… attacked her and she has not liked them anymore
A The ones b ones c one d the one
12 Good morning, ………
A Someone b anyone c no one d everybody
13 Laziness and crime are inseparable You cannot have ……… without the other
A Everyone b someone c ones d one
14 Of the three sisters, Mary is the most beautiful ……
A Someone b anyone c one d everyone
15 You may have …… or the other, but not both
A Ones b one c the one d the ones
16 I need ……… to help me because it is a hard work
A Someone b anyone c anybody d no one 17 The little boy ate chocolate ……… after the other until the box was finished
A One b someone c no one d ones
18 Mary has got three bags and I have only got ………
(17)19 I have got a few books on Chinese food You can borow ……… if you like
A Anyone b someone c one d everyone
20 French croissants are so much better than the English ……
A Anyone b someone c one d ones
21 They look so similar so it is often difficult to distinguish ……… from the other
A The ones b the one c ones d one
22 Remember not to tell ……… about our project
A Someone b no one c anyone d each one
23 ….………… is waiting to New Year’s Eve in order to wish Happy New Year to everyone
A Someone b everyone c anyone d no one
24 If ……… calls me when I’m bathing, tell them I’ll call back in five minutes A Someone b everyone c anyone d no one 25 Nobody loves smokers, ………?
A.don’t they b doesn’t it c they d does it
Mời bạn đoc tham khảo thêm nhiều tài liệu luyện kỹ Tiếng Anh khác đây:
https://vndoc.com/luyen-ky-nang