Nghiên cứu quy trình sản xuất sữa đậu phộng

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( C/i3od T R U I N G D A I H O C AN G I A N G K H O A NONG N G H I E P & T A I N G U Y E N T H I E N NHIEN BQ M O N C O N G N G H E T H I / C P H A M NGUYEN THI CHI NGHIEN ClTU QUY TRINH SAN XUAT SlTA DAU PHQNG BAO C A O KHOA LUAN T O T NGHIEP DAI H O C Nganh hoc: Cong nghp thuc pham Can bp huong dan: T h S Phan Uyen Nguyen [TRUC3NG DAI HOC AN GIANG THUf V I E N K H O A H O C 2010-2014 An Giang, Thang nam 2014 T R U I N G DAI H O C AN G I A N G KHOA NONG NGHIEP & TAI NGUYEN T H I E N NHIEN BO MON C O N G NGHE THlTC PHAM NGUYEN THI CHI NGHIEN C U U QUY TRINH SAN XUAT SU A DAU PHONG BAO C A O K H O A L U A N T O T N G H I E P DAI H O C Nganh hoc: Cong Nghe Thuc Pham G I A O V I E N H U O N G DAN Phan Uyen Nguyen An Giang, Thang nam 2014 Loi cam ta Trong hoc tap va cung nhu thai gian nghien cuu thuc hien de tai khoa luan, toi da hoc hoi va trao doi duoc nhung kien thuc va kinh nghiem tir thuc te rat bo ich cho kien thuc cua toi sau De dat duoc ket qua nhu horn toi xin tran gdi loi cam on den: Gia dinh da tao moi dieu kien thuan loi cho toi suot qua trinh hoc tap Thay Phan Uyen Nguyen da tan tinh huong dan, giup do, truyen dat nhung kien thuc va kinh nghiem quy bau suot qua trinh hoc tap va thuc hien de tai Cac quy thay, co bp mdn Cong Nghe Thuc Pham, Khoa Nong Nghiep Tai Nguyen Thien Nhien, Trudng Dai Hoc An Giang da truyen dat cho toi nhung kien thuc va kinh nghiem quy bau nhung nam toi hoc tap tai trudng Cac can bp, nhan vien phong thi nghiem trudng Dai Hoc An Giang da tao moi dieu kien thuan loi giup toi suot thai gian nghien cuu va thuc hien de tai tai phong thi nghiem Cac ban sinh vien lop DH11TP da giup va dong gop y kien cho toi thai gian hoc tap va thuc hien de tai Tran cam cm! Long Xuyen, thang 05 nam 2014 Sinh vien thuc hien Nguyen Thi Chi i Muc luc Lai cam ta i Muc luc ii Danh sach bang v Danh sach hinh vii Tom luge ix Chiromg Gioi thipu 1.1 Dat van de 1.2 Muc tieu nghien cuu 1.3 Npi dung nghien cuu Chirong Luge khao tai lipu 2.1 Tong quan ve nguyen lieu 2.2 Dac tinh ly hoa va hoa sinh cua cay lac 2.2.1 Cau tao cua qua lac 2.2.2 Protein lac 2.2.3 Lipid 2.2.4 Hydrat cacbon 2.2.5 Vitamin va enzyme 2.2.6 Cac chat vo vo 2.3 Gia tri su dung cua cay lac doi vdi ngudi 2.4 Nhung nhan to anh hudng tdi chat lugng hat sau thu hoach 2.5 Bao quan lac 2.6 Mot so loai san pham chaeess bien tir lac 2.6.1 Dau lac 2.6.2 Bo lac 2.6.3 Lac u len men 2.6.4 Bgt lac 2.6.5 Protein lac co dac 2.7 Nguyen lieu phu 2.7.1 Nude 2.7.2 Duong saccharose 2.7.3 Sua 10 2.7.4 Acid ascorbic 12 2.8 Cac qua trinh cong nghe co ban qua trinh 12 ii 2.8.1 Rang nguyen lieu 12 2.8.2 Phdi ch£ 12 2.8.3 Dun ndng 12 2.8.4 Thanh triing 13 2.9 Bao bi sir dung nghien cuu 15 2.10 Chi tieu cam quan cua san pham 16 2.11 Nghien cuu trade day 16 Chiromg Phirung tien va phiromg phap nghien ciru 17 3.1 Phuong tien nghien cuu 17 3.1.1 Dia diem va thai gian thuc hien 17 3.1.2 Nguyen lieu va hoa chat 17 3.1.3 Dung cu thi nghiem 17 3.2 Phuong phap nghien cuu 17 3.2.1 Phuong phap thi nghiem 17 3.2.2 Phuong phap phan tich 17 3.2.3 Quy trinh thi nghiem du kien 18 3.2.4 Giai thich quy trinh 18 3.3 Npi dung bo tri thi nghiem 19 3.3.1 Thi nghiem 1: Khao sat anh hudng cua thai gian rang den gia tri cam quan cua san pham 19 3.3.2 Thi nghiem 2: So sanh anh hudng giira cac loai sua den gia tri cam quan cua san pham 20 3.3.3 Thi nghhiem 3: Khao sat anh hudng cua qua trinh trung den thai gian bao quan va gia tri cam quan cua san pham 21 Chirong Ket qua va thao luan 23 4.1 Phan tich phan nguyen lieu 23 4.2 Anh hudng cua thai gian rang den gia tri cam quan cua san pham 23 4.3 So sanh anh hudng giira cac loai sua den gia tri cam quan cua san pham 25 4.3.1 Anh hudng cua sua tuoi bo sung den gia tri cam quan cua san pham 26 4.3.2 Anh hudng cua sua bpt bo sung den gia tri cam quan ciia san pham 27 4.3.3 Anh hudng cua sua dac bo sung den gia tri cam quan cua san pham 28 4.3.4 So sanh anh hudng giira loai sua bo sung den chat luong cam quan ciia san pham 29 4.4 Anh hudng cua qua trinh trung den thai gian bao quan va gia tri cam quan ciia san pham 30 iii 4.4.1 Do thi bieu hien sir thay doi nhiet tarn san pham theo thai gian triing d cac nhiet khac va gia tri F theo cac che triing 30 4.4.2 Anh hudng ciia qua trinh trung den gia tri cam quan ciia san pham 33 4.4.3 Anh hudng qua trinh triing den thai gian bao quan ciia san pham 36 Chuong Ket hi an va kien nghi 39 5.1 K i t luan 39 5.2 K i l n nghj 40 Tai lieu tham khao 41 Phu chirong A Mgt so hinh anh qua trinh nghien cihi pel Phu chirong B Cac bang diem mo ta danh gia cam quan pc3 Phu chirong C Phuong phap phan tich cac chi tieu pc4 Phu chirong D Ket qua thong ke cac so lifu thi nghiem pc7 iv Danh sach bang Bang 1: Cau tao cua qua lac thay doi theo giong Bang 2: Thanh phan cac glucid cua vo qua lac Bang 3: Cau tao tong quat cua hat lac (bo vo lua) Bang 4: Thanh phan cac acid beo d dau thuc vat (theo Lverson) Bang 5: Cac phan vo co cua lac tinh theo mg/lOOg chat kho Bang 6: Sir can bang ve acid amin ciia cac protein d hat lac so vdi protid ciia trung toan phan Bang 7: Chi tieu vi sinh Bang 8: Tieu chuan dudng saccharose 10 Bang 9: Thanh phan hoa hoc ciia 1000ml sua 10 Bang 10: Thanh phan hoa hoc co ban ciia dau phong 23 Bang 11: Gia tri F d cac che trung (phut) 32 Bang 12: Anh hudng ciia che trung den gia tri cam quan ciia san pham 35 Bang 13: Sir thay doi pH theo thai gian bao quan 36 Bang 14: Sir thay doi Bx theo thai gian bao quan 37 Bang 15: Danh muc cac chi tieu cam quan va he so quan tucmg ring ciia san pham sua 38 Bang 16: Danh gia chat luong san pham theo TCVN 3215-79 38 Bang 17: Bang diem danh gia cam quan pc3 Bang 18: Diem danh gia theo thang diem hedonic pc3 Bang 19: Anh hudng cua thai gian rang den mau sac ciia san pham pc7 Bang 20: Anh hudng ciia thai gian rang den vi ciia san pham pc7 Bang 21: Anh hudng cua thai gian rang den miii cua san pham pc7 Bang 22: Anh hudng cua thai gian rang den MDUT cua san pham pc8 Bang 23: Anh hudng cua sua tuoi den mau sac cua san pham pc8 Bang 24: Anh hudng cua sua tuoi den vi ciia san pham pc9 Bang 25: Anh hudng cua sua tuoi den miii cua san pham pc9 Bang 26: Anh hudng cua sua tuoi den MDUT ciia san pham pc9 Bang 27: Anh hudng ciia sua bot den mau sac cua san pham pc9 Bang 28: Anh hudng cua sua bot den vi cua san pham pclO Bang 29: Anh hudng ciia sua bot den mui san pham pclO Bang 30: Anh hudng ciia sua bot den MDUT ciia san pham pclO Bang 31: Anh hudng cua sua dac den mau sac ciia san pham pc 11 Bang 32: Anh hudng ciia sua dac den vi ciia san pham pel v Bang 33: Anh hudng cua sua dac den miii ciia san pham pel Bang 34: Anh hudng ciia sua dac den MDUT ciia san pham pel Bang 35: So sanh anh hudng giua loai sua den mau sac cua san pham pel2 Bang 36: So sanh anh hudng cua loai sua den vi ciia san pham pel2 Bang 37: So sanh anh hudng ciia loai sua den mui ciia san pham pel2 Bang 38: So sanh anh hudng ciia loai sua den MDUT ciia san pham pel3 Bang 39: Anh hudng nhiet va thai gian triing den mau sac ciia san pham pel3 Bang 40: Anh hudng ciia nhiet va thai gian triing den vi ciia san pham pel4 Bang 41: Anh hudng ciia nhiet va thai gian triing den miii ciia san pham pel4 Bang 42: Anh hudng nhiet va thoi gian triing den MDUT ciia san pham pel Bang 43: Anh hudng ciia che triing den mau sac ciia san pham pel5 Bang 44: Anh hudng ciia che triing den vi ciia san pham pel6 Bang 45: Anh hudng ciia che triing den miii ciia san pham pel6 Bang 46: Anh hudng ciia che triing den MDUT ciia san pham pc 17 Bang 47: Bien doi nhiet tarn san pham triing d 80°C vdi z = 10 pc 17 Bang 48: Bien doi nhiet tarn san pham triing d 85°C vdi z = 10 pc20 Bang 49: Bien doi nhiet tarn san pham triing d 90°C vdi z = 10 pc22 Bang 50: Bien doi nhiet tarn san pham triing d 95°C vdi z = 10 pc25 vi Danh sach hinh Hinh 1: Cay dau phong (lac) Hinh 2: Cong thirc cau tao dudng saccharose Hinh 3: Cong thirc cau tao acid ascorbic 12 Hinh 4: Quy trinh san xuat sua dau phong 18 Hinh 5: So bo tri thi nghiem 19 Hinh 6: So bo tri thi nghiem 20 Hinh 7: So bo tri thi nghiem 21 Hinh 8: Nguyen lieu dau phong sir dung nghien ciru 23 Hinh 9: Dau phong rang cac khoang thai gian khac 23 Hinh 10: Bieu d6 the hien anh hudng thai gian rang den mau sac, miii, v i san pham 24 Hinh 11: Bieu the hien anh hudng cua thoi gian rang den MDUT cua san pham 25 Hinh 12: Bilu dd t h i hien anh hudng sua tuoi din mau sac, vi va miii san pham 26 Hinh 13: Bieu the hien anh hudng cua sua tuoi din MDUT cua san pham 26 Hinh 14: Bilu dd the hien anh hudng sua bot den mau sac, vi va miii ciia san pham 27 Hinh 15: Bilu t h i hien anh hudng cua sua bot din MDUT cua san pham 27 Hinh 16: Bilu t h i hien anh hudng sua dac din mau sac, vi va miii ciia san pham 28 Hinh 17: Bilu t h i hien anh hudng sua dac din mau sac, vi va miii ciia san pham 28 Hinh 18: Bilu thi hien anh hudng loai sua din mau sac, vi va miii san pham 29 Hinh 19: Bilu t h i hien anh hudng ciia loai sua din MDUT ciia san pham 30 Hinh 20: Do thi bilu hien sir thay doi nhiet tarn san pham theo thai gian trung d nhiet 80°C 30 Hinh 21: Do thi bilu hien sir thay doi nhiet tarn san pham theo thai gian triing d nhiet 85°C 31 Hinh 22: Do thi bilu hien sir thay doi nhiet tarn san pham theo thai gian triing d nhiet dp 90°C 31 Hinh 23: Do thi bilu hien sir thay doi nhiet tarn san pham theo thai gian triing d nhiet dp 95°C 32 Hinh 24: Bilu thi hien anh hudng cua nhiet dp triing din mau sac, mui va vi ciia san pham 33 Hinh 25: Bilu t h i hien anh hudng nhiet dp triing din MDUT san pham 34 Hinh 26: Bilu t h i hien anh hudng ciia thai gian triing din mau sac, mui va vi cua san pham 34 Hinh 27: Bilu t h i hien anh hudng thoi gian triing din MDUT san pham 35 Hinh 28: Quy trinh chi biln san pham hoan chinh 39 Hinh 29: Dau phong sau rang pel vii Hinh 30: San pham sau phoi che pel Hinh 31: San pham sau trung pel Hinh 32: May dopH pel Hinh 33: May xay sinh to pc2 Hinh 34: Bep hong ngoai pc2 Hinh 35: Brix k l pc2 viii Bang 40: Anh huong cua nhiet va thoi gian triing den vi cua san pham Analysis of Variance for vi - Type III Sums of Squares Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value MAIN EFFECTS A:nhietdo 1.85714 0.619048 2.49 0.0611 B:thoi gian 1.00794 0.503968 2.03 0.1342 INTERACTIONS AB 0.357143 0.0595238 0.24 0.9632 RESIDUAL 59.7143 240 0.24881 TOTAL 62.9365 251 (CORRECTED) Multiple Range Tests for vi by thoi gian Method: 95.0 percent LSD thoi gian Count LS Mean LS Sigma Homogeneous Groups 84 2.40476 0.0544244 X 10 84 2.4881 0.0544244 XX _15 84 2.55952 Q.Q544244 X Multiple Range Tests for vi by nhiet Method: 95.0 percent LSD nhiet Count LS Mean LS Sigma Homogeneous Groups 95 63 2.38095 0.0628439 X 80 63 2.42857 0.0628439 XX 85 63 2.52381 0.0628439 XX 90 63 2.60317 0.0628439 X Bang 41: Anh huong cua nhiet va thoi gian triing den miii cua san pham Analysis of Variance for mui - Type III Sums of Squares Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value Sum of Squares Df Source MAIN EFFECTS 26.43 0.0000 9.1045 A:nhiet 27.3135 5.75 0.0036 1.98016 3.96032 B:thoi gian INTERACTIONS 1.89 0.0827 3.9127 0.652116 AB 0.344444 RESIDUAL 82.6667 240 117.853 251 TOTAL (CORRECTED) Multiple Range Tests for mui by thoi gian Method: 95.0 percent LSD Homogeneous Groups LS Sigma LS Mean thoi gian Count 0.0640354 X 84 4.08333 0.0640354 X 4.16667 15 84 0.0640354 X 4.38095 10 84 Multiple Range Tests for mui by nhiet Method: 95.0 percent LSD LS Sigma Homogeneous Groups LS Mean nhiet Count 0.0739417 X 3.73016 95 63 0.0739417 X 4.09524 80 63 X 0.0739417 4.42857 90 63 0.0739417 X 4.5873 85 63 Pc 14 Bang 42: Anh huong nhiet va thoi gian triing den MDUT cua san pham Analysis of Variance for MDUT - Type III Sums of Squares Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value M A I N EFFECTS A:nhiet 14.8254 4.9418 17.27 0.0000 B:thoi gian 3.43651 1.71825 6.01 0.0029 INTERACTIONS AB 1.6746 0.279101 0.98 0.4424 RESIDUAL 68.6667 240 0.286111 TOTAL(CORRECTED) 8.6032 251 Multiple Range Tests for MDUT by thoi gian Method: 95.0 percent LSD thoi gian Count LS Mean LS Sigma Homogeneous Groups 84 7.17857 0.0583617 X 15 84 7.30952 0.0583617 XX 10 84 7.46429 0.0583617 X Multiple Range Tests for MDUT by nhiet Method: 95.0 percent LSD nhiet Count LS Mean LS Sigma Homogeneous Groups 95 63 6.96825 X 0.0673903 80 63 7.2381 0.0673903 X 85 63 7.44444 0.0673903 X 90 63 7.61905 0.0673903 X Bang 43: Anh huong ciia che triing den mau sac cua san pham Analysis of Variance for mau - Type III Sums of Squares Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value MAIN EFFECTS A:che trung 16.5079 11 1.50072 7.88 0.0000 RESIDUAL 45.7143 240 0.190476 TOTAL 62.2222 251 (CORRECTED) Multiple Range Tests for mau by che trung Method: 95.0 percent LSD che trung Count LS Mean LS Sigma Homogeneous Groups 95-15 21 2.09524 0.0952381 X 80-5 21 2.28571 0.0952381 XX 95-5 21 2.38095 0.0952381 X 95-10 21 2.38095 0.0952381 X 90-5 21 2.42857 0.0952381 XX 80-15 21 2.47619 0.0952381 XXX 80-10 21 2.52381 0.0952381 XXX 85-5 21 2.66667 0.0952381 XXX 90-15 21 2.71429 0.0952381 XX 90-10 21 2.85714 0.0952381 XX 85-15 21 2.85714 0.0952381 XX 85-10 21 3.0 0.0952381 X Pc 15 Bang 44: Anh huong cua che triing den vi cua san pham Source Sum Squares ofDf Mean Square FRatio M A I N EFFECTS A:che trun g 3.22222 11 0.292929 5.76 RESIDUAL 59.7143 240 0.24881 62.9365 251 TOTAL (CORRECTED) Multiple Range Tests for vi by che trung Method: 95.0 percent LSD LS Mean LS Sigma che trung Count 21 2.33333 0.108849 80-5 0.108849 95-15 21 2.38095 21 2.38095 0.108849 95-10 21 2.38095 0.108849 95-5 85-5 21 2.42857 0.108849 2.42857 0.108849 21 80-10 21 2.47619 0.108849 90-5 2.52381 0.108849 85-10 21 21 80-15 2.52381 0.108849 21 0.108849 90-10 2.61905 21 0.108849 85-15 2.61905 21 2.71429 0.108849 90-15 PValue 0.0000 Homogeneous Groups X X X X XX XX XX XX XX XX XX X san pham Analysis of Variance for mui - Type HI Sums of Squares Sum of Squares Df Mean Square Source M A I N EFFECTS 11 3.19877 A:che trung 35.1865 240 0.344444 RESIDUAL 82.6667 117.853 251 TOTAL (CORRECTED) Multiple Range Tests for mui by che trung Method: 95.0 percent LSD che Count LS LS Sigma trung Mean 21 3.42857 0.128071 95-15 95-5 21 3.85714 0.128071 3.85714 0.128071 80-5 21 95-10 21 3.90476 0.128071 4.09524 0.128071 80-15 21 21 90-5 4.2381 0.128071 80-10 21 4.33333 0.128071 85-5 21 4.38095 0.128071 90-15 21 4.47619 0.128071 21 4.57143 0.128071 90-10 85-15 21 4.66667 0.128071 4.71429 0.128071 85-10 21 F-Ratio P-Value 9.29 0.0000 Homogeneous Groups X X X XX XXX XXX XXX xxxx XXX XXX XX X Pc 16 Bang 46: Anh huong cua che triing den MDUT cua san pham Analysis of Variance for MDUT - Type III Sums of Squares Source Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F-Ratio P-Value MAIN EFFECTS A:che trung 19.9365 11 1.81241 6.33 0.0000 RESIDUAL 68.6667 240 0.286111 TOTAL (CORRECTED) 88.6032 251 Multiple Range Tests for MDUT by che trung Method: 95.0 percent LSD che trung Count LS Mean LS Sigma Homogeneous Groups 95-15 21 80952 0.116723 X 80-5 21 70 0.116723 XX 95-5 21 70 0.116723 XX 95-10 21 09524 0.116723 XX 85-5 21 2381 0.116723 XX 80-15 21 28571 0.116723 XX 80-10 21 42857 0.116723 XX 90-5 21 47619 0.116723 XX 85-15 21 47619 0.116723 XX 21 85-10 61905 0.116723 X 90-15 21 66667 X 0.116723 90-10 21 71429 0.116723 X Bang 47: Bien doi nhiet tarn san pham triing 6' 80°C voi z = Thoi t tarn t tarn t tarn gian Gia tri L Gia tri L (5 phut) (10 phut) (15 phut) (phut) 50.5 0.001122018 50 0.001 51 50.5 0.001122018 50 0.001 51 50.5 0.001122018 50 0.001 51 50.5 50 0.001122018 0.001 51 51 0.001258925 50 0.001 51.5 51 0.001258925 50.5 0.001122 51.5 51.5 0.001412538 51 0.001259 52 52.5 0.001778279 51.5 0.001413 53 53 0.001995262 52 0.001585 53.5 53.5 0.002238721 53 0.001995 54 10 54 0.002511886 54 0.002512 55.5 55.5 11 0.003548134 54.5 0.002818 56 12 56 0.003981072 55 0.003162 57 13 57 0.005011872 55.5 0.003548 57.5 14 58 0.006309573 56 0.003981 58.5 15 58.5 0.007079458 57.5 0.005623 59 16 59 0.007943282 58.5 0.007079 60 17 60 0.01 59 0.007943 61 18 61 0.012589254 60 0.01 61.5 19 62 0.015848932 61 0.012589 62.5 10 Gia tri L 0.001259 0.001259 0.001259 0.001259 0.001413 0.001413 0.001585 0.001995 0.002239 0.002512 0.003548 0.003981 0.005012 0.005623 0.007079 0.007943 0.01 0.012589 0.014125 0.017783 Pc 17 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 62.5 63 64 65 66 67 67.5 69 70 71.5 72 73 73 74 75 75.5 76 76.5 77 77.5 78 78.5 79 79.5 80 80 80 80 80 80 79.5 79 78 77 76.5 76.5 75 74 73 72.5 72 71 70 0.017782794 0.019952623 0.025118864 0.031622777 0.039810717 0.050118723 0.056234133 0.079432823 0.1 0.141253754 0.158489319 0.199526231 0.199526231 0.251188643 0.316227766 0.354813389 0.398107171 0.446683592 0.501187234 0.562341325 0.630957344 0.707945784 0.794328235 0.891250938 1 1 1 0.891250938 0.794328235 0.630957344 0.501187234 0.446683592 0.446683592 0.316227766 0.251188643 0.199526231 0.177827941 0.158489319 0.125892541 0.1 62.3 63 63.5 64 65 66 67 68 69 70.5 71 72 73.5 74 75 75.5 76.5 77 77.5 78 78.5 79 79.5 79.5 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 SO 80 80 80 79 78 77 76.5 76 75 73.5 72.5 0.016982 0.019953 0.022387 0.025119 0.031623 0.039811 0.050119 0.063096 0.079433 0.112202 0.125893 0.158489 0.223872 0.251189 0.316228 0.354813 0.446684 0.501187 0.562341 0.630957 0.707946 0.794328 0.891251 0.891251 1 1 1 1 1 0.794328 0.630957 0.501187 0.446684 0.398107 0.316228 0.223872 0.177828 63 64 65 66 66.5 67.5 68 69 70 70.5 71 71.5 72 73 73.5 74 74.5 75 76 76.5 76.5 77 78 79 79.5 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 79 0.019953 0.025119 0.031623 0.039811 0.044668 0.056234 0.063096 0.079433 0.1 0.112202 0.125893 0.141254 0.158489 0.199526 0.223872 0.251189 0.281838 0.316228 0.398107 0.446684 0.446684 0.501187 0.630957 0.794328 0.891251 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.794328 Pc 18 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 69 68.5 68 67 66.5 66 65.5 65 64 63.5 63 62.5 61.5 61 60.5 60 59.5 59 58 57.5 57 56.5 56 55.5 55 54.5 54 53.5 53 52 51.5 51 50.5 0.079432823 0.070794578 0.063095734 0.050118723 0.044668359 0.039810717 0.035481339 0.031622777 0.025118864 0.022387211 0.019952623 0.017782794 0.014125375 0.012589254 0.011220185 0.01 0.008912509 0.007943282 0.006309573 0.005623413 0.005011872 0.004466836 0.003981072 0.003548134 0.003162278 0.002818383 0.002511886 0.002238721 0.001995262 0.001584893 0.001412538 0.001258925 0.001122018 72 71.5 71 70.5 70 69 68 67.5 67 66 65.5 65 64.5 64 63 62.5 62 61.5 61 60.5 60 60 59.5 59 58.5 58 57.5 57 57 56.5 56 55.5 55 54.5 54 53.5 53.5 53 52.5 52 51.5 51 0.158489 0.141254 0.125893 0.112202 0.1 0.079433 0.063096 0.056234 0.050119 0.039811 0.035481 0.031623 0.028184 0.025119 0.019953 0.017783 0.015849 0.014125 0.012589 0.01122 0.01 0.01 0.008913 0.007943 0.007079 0.00631 0.005623 0.005012 0.005012 0.004467 0.003981 0.003548 0.003162 0.002818 0.002512 0.002239 0.002239 0.001995 0.001778 0.001585 0.001413 0.001259 78 78 77 76 75.5 74.5 74 73 72 71.5 71 70.5 70 69 68 67 66.5 66 65 64.5 64 63.5 63 62.5 62 61.5 61 60.5 60 59.5 58.5 58 57.5 57 56.5 56 55.5 55 54.5 54 53.5 53 52.5 0.630957 0.630957 0.501187 0.398107 0.354813 0.281838 0.251189 0.199526 0.158489 0.141254 0.125893 0.112202 0.1 0.079433 0.063096 0.050119 0.044668 0.039811 0.031623 0.028184 0.025119 0.022387 0.019953 0.017783 0.015849 0.014125 0.012589 0.01122 0.01 0.008913 0.007079 0.00631 0.005623 0.005012 0.004467 0.003981 0.003548 0.003162 0.002818 0.002512 0.002239 0.001995 0.001778 Pc 19 52 51.5 51 106 107 108 18.72 F 23.11 Bang 48: Bien doi nhiet tarn san pham triing 6' 85°C voi z = Thoi t tarn t tarn 11 t tarn Gia tri L Gia tri L gian (10 phut) (15 phut) (5 phut) (phut) 0.001 51 50.5 0.001122018 50 0.001 51 0.001122018 50 50.5 51 50 0.001 50.5 0.001122018 50 0.001 51 0.001122018 50.5 0.001 51.5 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