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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT For complete my research, I have been fortunate to receive invaluable contributions from many people First, I should like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Ms Van Lam for her help and excellent suggestions, expert advices and detail critical comments Without her help, my work would not have been completed Secondly, I greatly thank for Mr Edward Leffew for his reading of my draft as well as his suggestions and comments, to all my classmates who give me a hand to ideas and the details of my research Finally , I am too aware that in spite of all the advices and assistances, I feel that the project is far from perfect, therefore, my sole responsibility for any inadequacies and shortcomings that the study may be considered to have Vinh, May 25th, 2010 LE CHI HAU i ABSTRACT The importance of English Idioms in communication, language teaching and learning English has stimulated the author in the study on English Idioms In this research, the author discuss about the different definitions of Idioms and their types , meanings the Idioms in Harry Potter is dealt with ,too In addition, the author suggests some ways for teaching and leaning Idioms ii THE TABLE OF CONTENS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i ABSTRACT ii TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………………………… iii PART I INTRODUCTION Justification of the Study……………………………………………………………1 Aims and Objectives of the Study………………………………………………… Method of the Study……………………………………………………………….1 Scope of the Study………………………………………………………………… Format of the Study…………………………………………………………………2 PART II INVESTIGATION CHAPTER THEORETICAL BACGROUND English Idioms : Definitions……………………………………………………… Grammatical Features of English Idioms ………………………………………….3 Types of English Idioms ………………………………………………………… 4 History of Idioms Study……………………………………………………………6 Idioms Meaning ………………………………………………………………… Distinction of Idioms and Proverbs……………………………………………… CHAPTER IDIOMS IN THE TENTH FIRST CHAPTERS OF “HARY POTTER AND THE GOBLET OF FIRE” Introductions……………………………………………………………………… Varieties of Idioms types in Harry Potter………………………………………….9 CHAPTER 3: SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING IDOMS IN SCHOOLS , SUGGESTED EXCERCISES Some suggestions for teaching and learning Idioms in schools…………… 11 1.1 Learning and teaching Idioms through stories…………………………………….11 1.2 Learning and teaching Idioms through advertisements…………………………12 1.3 Learning and teaching Idioms through pictures………………………………… 14 Some suggested exercises 2.1 Fill in blanks with suitable words…………………………………………… 16 2.2 Multi choice……………………………………………………………………16 2.3 Equivalent meaning box 17 2.4 Find the equivalent Idioms from Vietnamese and English .18 2.5 Find the equivalent Idioms From English into Vietnamese .18 PART III CONCLUSION ricapulation 19 iii Suggestions for further study 19 REFERENCES .20 iv PART I: INTRODUCTION Justification of the Study The importance of English in life is confirmed and everyday there are thousands of people using it as communication language and working language Studying English always is the ambitions, assions of people When having the assignment about doing research of English on linguistics, the first topic the author wants to is English idioms There are some reasons for choosing the English idioms is topic First, Idioms always play an important role in any language, in Vietnamese also in English Studying English, we not use for communicating and working but also for understandings the thick and diverse cultures of English countries Therefore, the more you know Idioms the more you catch from literature and other domains Idioms are hard to learn and understand, so the thing is, when you have Idioms on your hands ,it means that you understand and control your English efficiently Secondly, as it is said before the English idioms always cause us difficulties in communications and understanding Having an overall look at the idioms will help us to improve our knowledge and flexibility in using English That is a key to have a further understanding and the right way to control your English Finally, English idioms are an interesting topic There are a few people doing researches about them but focusing on the types in a story is another new aspects Aims and Objectives of the study Studying about English idioms the author has some aims to attain: A first aim of this study is to help the learners to improve, their knowledge’s of English in general and the idioms in details as well The second aim of this study is to give the students and learners the some detailed information that help them to improve their understanding of English and using more effectively The third aim is that through this study the author give some suggestions for learning and teaching idioms in schools In addition, the suggested exercises to improve the ability to use the English better 1.3 Methods of the Study In studying English idioms, the author uses some methods: The first method is using quantitative to count and consider the frequencies of idioms This will help the readers know that the depth of idioms and explore the underground meaning of the stories The qualitative method is also used to have an overall look of what kind of idioms used most 1.4 Scope of the Study In this study the author just discuss about the idioms in the “Harry Potter and the Goblet of fire” in the five chapters also the types idioms In addition, the author’s interest about the features of the idioms is the distinctions of proverb and idioms 1.5 Format of the Study In this study the author deal with the idioms in chapters in “Harry Potter and the goblet of fire” The first part is INTRODUCTION In the introduction, the author gives the general background that includes justification, the aims and objectives, the scope and the format of the study Justification of the study is the reason for choosing the topic and the interest about the topic the author wants to research The aims, objectives are what the author does the research for and what the author want to acquire from the research The scope and the format set the border for the researcher and readers about how large the topic is The second part is INVESTIGATION There are chapters in this part In the first chapter the author gives the theoretical background about idioms: the definitions of idiom, the grammar characteristics, the history of idioms study, the idiom meaning and the distinctions between idioms and proverbs The second chapter discuss about the idioms in the chapters in “Harry Potter and the Goblet of fire” In chapters the author has some suggestions for learning and teaching idioms in school: teaching and learning English idioms through: stories, advertisement and pictures After that, there are some suggested exercises to apply to teach and learn English idioms: fill in blank, multi- choice, and equivalent meaning box, translations from English to Vietnamese and translation from Vietnamese into English The part is the CONCLUSION In this part the author gives the concluded comment, present what acquire for each chapter, and suggest for further research Part II INVESTIGATION Chapter : theoretical background 1.1: The definition of IDIOMS There are many definitions about idioms and all are right in some ways As Jonathan Crotchet (1905) defines idiom is a phrase whose meaning is difficult or sometime impossible to guess by looking at the individual word it contains (from advanced learner’ dictionary) Jennifer Sidles and W.MC Mordi (1988) define an idiom as a number of words which ,when taken together have together ,have different meaning from the meaning of individual meaning of each word Idioms are not constructed from each of constituent If we have a sentence like that: Have a bee in one’s bonnet It can be separated every word and the final thing is the meaning of that some one really has a bee in his bonnet of the car However, it is not right for using in real life It has the figurative meaning: have a fixed idea that stays in one's mind 1.2 Grammar characteristics of English idioms 1.2.1: An idiom is a multiword expression Individual components of an idiom can often be inflected in the same way individual words in a phrase can be inflected This inflection usually follows the same pattern of inflection as the idiom’s literal counterpart 1.2.2: An idiom behaves as a single semantic unit It tends to have some measure of internal cohesion such that a literal counterpart that is made up of a single word can often replace it 1.2.2.1 It resists interruption by other words whether they are semantically compatible or not 1.2.2.2 It resists reordering of its component parts 1.2.3 An idiom has non-_productive syntactic structure Only single particular lexemes can collocate in an idiomatic construction Substituting other word from the same generic lexical relation set will destroy the idiomatic meaning of expression 1.3: The types of Idioms Idioms can be treated as a type of collocation involving two or more words in context We can divide the idioms as full idioms and partial idioms The full idioms, which cannot be, predicted from the individual meanings of the morphemes they comprise For example, when someone says, “kicked the bucket” we not imply that they necessarily hit the certain type of container for liquids with their foot, what we mean that they “died” The partial idioms are some of words have their usual meaning while the others have meanings that peculiar to that particular structure Thus in “red hair” the word “hair” it has usual meaning because it does refer to the fine filaments growing from the human head, but “red” is idiomatic in the sense it does not refer to the strict color term Another way of divided idioms: There are many types of idioms These types are divided of which kinds of things are related The idioms are divided in terms of the types of what they are concerned about: Animal idioms Arm ,hand and finger idioms Bird idioms Body idioms Business idioms Business Negotiation Idioms Card playing idioms Clothes idioms Medical idioms Money idioms Mouths and teeth Idioms Color Idioms Court and judge idioms Ear ,Eye and Nose idioms Education and School idioms Fish ,Insects and Reptile idioms Food idioms Head and Mind idioms Heart idioms Initials Leg and Foot idioms Legal and law idioms Number idioms Sport idioms Relationship idioms Love idioms Ex : -.Find Mr Right :find the right or perfect person (tìm người) -Cost a pretty penny: to cost a lot of money ( tốn nhiều tiền) -Follow one's heart: to act according to one's feelings (hành động theo cảm xúc ) -To Breathe one’s last: die ( trút thở cuối , qua đời ) -Out of the red: out of debt ( thoát khỏi nợ nần) -At first: initially, at the beginning( ban đầu) Idioms following the Alphabet: A idioms N idioms B idioms O idioms C idioms P idioms D Idioms Q idioms E idioms R idioms F idioms S idioms G idioms T idioms H idioms U idioms I idioms V idioms J idioms W idioms K idioms X idioms L idioms Y idioms M idioms Z idioms Ex: -To be absent- minded: to be forgetful ( lãng , hay quên ) -Be hind closed doors: in secret( bí mật ) -Neck of the woods: an area or part of the country( vùng phần đất nước) - Jammed- packed: crowed, full ( đông đúc ) -Very last: the end of something ( kết thứ đó) - To say uncle: to surrender, to give in ( đầu hàng) There are more and more idioms of other kinds but it is limited in length of the study I can not give more examples 1.4 History of Idiom study :in Europe and USA In England ,over of Europe and in USA there are many of linguists started their studying in English Idioms since the very beginning of 20th century Many Western and American authors gave great contributions to the collection of English Idioms such as: -W.Mc Mordie with “ English Idioms and how to use them” (1909) ,which is considered as the first to research carefully on field of English Idioms -Browcal M.Nith :Idioms for everyday use (1994) -V.H Colin with: A book of English Idioms with Explanations (1958) and American English Idioms (1986) -Teachers and researchers from Cambridge University with International Dictionary of Idioms 1.5 The Meaning of Idioms There are many different ideas about the Meaning of Idioms However the basis of studying ,analyzing many linguistic ideas we come to a conclusion that the meaning of the meanings of Idioms has common points: - the meaning of Idioms is a perfect whole not the sum of meaning of the separated components The meaning of Idioms expresses and reflex of idioms expressions and reflects objects and concepts The meaning of Idioms is expressive, figurative 1.6 A distinction of Idioms and Proverbs We have to make clear the differences between the idioms and proverbs There are some linguistic authors say that the border between them is very small In some cases, idioms and proverbs have the same meaning According to Advanced learner Dictionary: a Proverb is a short well-known sentence or a phrase that states a general truth about life or give advices • For example.Barking, dogs seldom bite o Meaning: People who are busy complaining rarely take more concrete hostile action • Better safe than sorry o Meaning: It is better to take precautions when it's possible that something can go amiss than to regret doing nothing later if something should indeed go wrong They are sometimes alike so which ways for us to find out the differences? There are some criteria to distinguish them through characteristics: They are different in meaning Idioms are not instructive and moral in nature as proverbs Idioms are constructions peculiar to a language In contrast, Proverb is a lesson an advice They are also not similar in structure or the stability of structure The constituents of idioms are unchangeable If we change or replace them by other words or the order that will make the different meaning or forming no meaning idioms Chapter 2: IDIOMS IN THE HARRY POTTER AND THE GOBLET OF FIRE 1.1 INTRODUCTION Harry Potter is an artificial novel about a boy called Harry Potter by J.K Rowling ,a very new writer but she is quickly famous She is one of the best no0velists in this world all the time In 1997, the first book created strange waves all over the world This novel makes the children also the adults crazy They queued up in long Street to buy the new versions It is really a hit of the novel world The idioms in Harry potter are many and from these idioms, we know more about how to use an idiom in context That is the aims of the study - 1.2 Idioms in chapters in the “ Harry Potter and the Goblet of fire” a In the chapter As cold as ice( p 2) - A cloud of suspicion( p 2) - To go one step in further in their attempts (p5) - To ease the stiffness in his kneel ( p5) - As fast as his bad leg would follow (p6) - His nostrils full of the smell of decay(p6) - Cold as a sudden blast of icy wind( p7) - On duty ,on the watch for signs( p8) - There was a note of menace in the cold voice(8) - One that many of my followers would give their right hands to perform( p 11) - His mouth had gone very dry (p 12) - An entirely worthless laugh ,as cold as speech ( p 12) - In danger( p 12) - Found himself paralyzed with fright(p 12) - There were sweats on Frank’ forehead now( p 13) - In the other hand (14) - The snake lifted its ugly triangular and hissed slightly as the legs of the chairs snagged on its rug (p 15) - There was a flash of the green light ,a rush sound - Harry wake with a start b In chapter 2: - Harry lay flat in his back , breathing as though he had been running.(p16) - His bright green eyes puzzled under his untidy black hair.(17) - Harry felt as though an ice cube had slipped down his stomach at the very thought ( p17) - He had felt a spasm of honor ( p 17) - In the mean time (p8) - Ron’s 16 year old twin brother might think Harry was losing his nerves(p22) - They put him in mind of palm trees and white sand ( 24) - They told him they’d have to cut his pocket money (25) - put his mind of things (25) - there was no point putting in dreams(25) In chapter : - Her lips pursed over her horse like teeth.( p26) - To find excuses for bad mask as usual( p 26) - Dudley was big-boned, and that his poundage was really puppy fat ( p 27) - He is a boisterous little boy but he would not hurt a fly ( p 27) - It is a “ rabbit food” ( p 27) - The moment he had got wind the fact that he was expected to survive (28) - As quick as a flash( 29) - Harry as though he were about to pronounce him under arrest (p 29) - As quickly as possible (p30) - Harry decided to break the silence.(p30) - Harry felt a second stab of annoyance(31) - Shaking with anger he shot a nervous look through the window (32) - Making it look badly, mixed black currant ice cream (33) - Like a loose firework(38) - You want to the pants bored off you(37) - He sat there on the floor eating it, savoring the happiness that was flooding through him (37) In the chapter and - Harry felt a slight sense of foreboding (38) - As though there had been a warning about an escaped rhinoceros (p41) - His eyes on his watch and his heart pumping fast from excitement and nerves.( p 42) - He waddled as fast as he could into the kitchen ( p 42) - But they were left in doubt barely a second longer (42) - What did they want to block up the fireplace for? ( p 43) - He tried to find words to break the very nasty silence ( 45) - And the Dudley’s living room whipped out of sight in a rush of endeared- green flames (p 50) - Harry shook and feeling calluses and blisters under his fingers (p 52) - Rule – breaking (52) - he did it on purpose There are more idioms that the writer used to express feeling and made the novel figurative and absorbing to the students’ mind There are 63 idioms that studied and they are the illustration of the varieties of idioms in novel That will help the students know more and more about the various types of idioms The kind of idioms that are used most is “as as” There are idioms of this kind: as … as is a contrastive and comparative idioms: as cold as ice or as quick as his bad leg could follow… The next type is : break the silence is said in some different way: break the silence and break the nasty silence In chapters the writer used idioms to promoter the deep meaning of the novel to make it more meaningful and fascinated Chapter 3: : Some suggestions for learning and teaching English Idioms and suggested Exercises 3.1 Some suggestions for learning and teaching English Idioms 3.1.1 Teaching Idioms using stories As you know that teachers and students really like to read stories, especial funny stories the question here is “why not the teachers use stories to teach Idioms?” There fore, when using stories will create the new wind way, the difference compared with the traditional methods To apply this into teaching teachers should find the suitable stories according to the age , sex ,psychology ,interest To the students at schools teacher should find the funny and meaningful stories It will help the students enjoy them and after that figuring out some thing to think over The most important thing is finding a short story because of the limitation of time and avoiding boredom It is better to make copies for all students to make clear The next task is after a story the teacher should give at least idioms for students think and then give them the small clues about them so that the students know the way of using it in contexts and try their best to guess the meaning of the idioms In addition, finding the stories that student finding morale and develop their personalities is also very important The last task is if students not understand or having difficulties , the teacher give explanation and help them control the idioms that given Example: Try your best to deal with these idioms and guess their meanings 10 1.Ants in your pants: 2.I am so hungry ,I could eat a cow a very hungry b Too slow All ears c Eager and attentive to hear something As slow as snail d Very fast 5.As fast as a cheetah e Hurry, can not keep still Heroes by Noah M Once there was a boy, but he was not just any boy This boy was about to become a hero “Wake up Ryan” said Josh “it is morning “What” said Ryan “Wow, you were sleeping like you had ants in your pants”, said Josh What ever let’s go down to the Pancake House for some food Good Idea I’m so hungry I could eat a cow When they got to the Pancake House they were starved After they were seated Ryan asked Josh if he could tell what he had dreamed about the following night “I’m all ears” said Josh After they had there food Ryan had finished telling his story When they were eating a man walked into the restaurant “ Josh look doesn’t that man look just like the one in my dream?” said Ryan “ Yes” said Josh Look he is leaving Let’s follow him Good Idea Hurry he is already out the door, you’re as slow as a snail said Ryan 11 They finally caught up to him “Look he is going down the ally.” said Josh “Look there” It is another guy with him” said Ryan “Should we go call the cops?” asked Josh “No” said Ryan Well then what are we going to do? I will think of something said Ryan Well It better be as fast as a cheetah Said Josh Why? said Ryan Because they are coming straight for us! said Josh, look out “Where are we?” said Josh “I don’t know,” said Ryan “So you to are finally awake.” said man in black cape You guys were following me all the way down the ally So all I ask is, why? said the man in black We were following you because we thought we knew you josh finished Well now you know were our secret hide out is, we can’t let you go said the man in black Wait you said “our” who else is there? There is my helper Tell us the truth who are you I am the number one out law, Justin Alexander “So for now we will just put you in the closet,” said Justin “Let us out,” screamed Ryan I be back in twelve hours, if you are good we will give you some food Said Justin “Were going to die in here aren’t we.” said Josh “No” said Ryan “We will find a way out.” “I don’t think we are going to find a way” Josh could not finish his sentence “Found it” said Ryan “They left the door unlocked” “Wow that was easy” said Josh Hurry let us go call the cops When they finally got to the police center, they told them everything The police got into the cars and sped of with Josh and Ryan in the back seat When Justin got back, he was shocked “What are you guys doing here said Justin I mean you did you get here.” “By the help of these two boys.” said the cop “You are the worst bad guy ever, you left the door unlocked.” said Josh Just after Josh said that Justin’s partner came run in “Justin why are there cop cars out front, oh that why.” said Justin’s partner Mich After they were all back at the police station and Justin and Mitch were in their cell the two boys were interviewed After that was over the boys were sent home The next morning Ryan got a phone call from Josh “Ryan get out of bed and look at the news paper.” Ryan gets out of bed and gets the news paper.” His eyes popped out of his head “Wow this is amazing were in the paper.” I know you and I were called city heroes Well I would call that a day well done Suggested answers:1 e a c a d Teachers give students some questions and after that let them feel the meaning of the story The most important task is practice with the idioms given 3.1.3 Teaching and learning idioms through Advertisements Likewise, the technique for pictures the tasks of teachers are finding the advertisement suitable to fascinate the curiosity of the etcher and help students find the idiom by themselves 12 Ex : Two Ads here are the examples of the popular of using Idioms in Advertisements The students will find it easier to absorb into their minds The most important thing is make copies for students because of saving time and convenience 3.1.4 Teaching and learning idioms through pictures The teachers should hand out some tips of paper that includes pictures of idioms Giving them the most interesting and funniest pictures the teacher can that will create the strangeness in studying, especially in speaking class, Then the teachers give assignment for students to look at and find out the idioms in the pictures and try their best to get the meanings After that having discussions The final task for the teachers are to explain more clearly to students Ex: 13 There are pictures that are more interesting for students laughing and they will understand in interest 14 3.2 Some suggested exercises 3.2.1: Fill in the blank to study English Idioms Fill in the blank to complete sentences of Idioms: You were sleeping as though you had in your pants H is a super runner He can run as as a cheetah 3.He does every thing very slowly He is as slowly as a No ., no gains 15 Jack had a fight with boys and after a few minutes he had a eyes The girl had heart when her boyfriend left her for good The suggested answer: pants fast snail pains black heavy 3.2.2 Multi choice Choose an idiom to replace the expression in the brackets: 1: He is the (most important person) in his company A: Holy cow C: Dong in the manger B: Alley cat D: Top dog The girl never eats and is (very skinny) A: Skin – deep C: Broad in the beam B: skin and bones D: A bundles of nerves I not want to have his resignation from the company (as my responsibility) A: Of f my chest C: Over my dead body B: In my blood D: On my shoulders The little boy was sitting in the office with (nervous excitement) A: Ants in his pants C: AS snail’ space B: The world as his oyster D: A cold fish The man is (an unfriendly person) and never talks to others A: A fish out of water B: A cold fish C: A kettle of fish D: a small fry The girl had a ( feelings of unhappiness) when her boy friend left her A: Big heart B: Heart of gold C: Change of heart D: Heavy heart She was (very much in love with) the junior accountant in her office A: Interested in C: Double dating B: Head over heels in love with D: Steal the heart of The couple always appeared to be (an ideal couple) A: The perfect couple C: The one and only B: Good together D: Making sees at each other’s I spent most of the morning (reading a book) A: On campus C: Goofing off C: Counting noses D: With my nose in a book 10 We closed the store early in order to (count the number of items we had) A: Take stock C: Run shot B: Work over D: Gain ground Suggested answers: D B D B D B A D 10 A 16 3.2.3 Equivalent meaning Box Draw arrow to the best answer foe each idiom in the box below: 1: Follow one’s heart 2: Black eye 3: Half – baked a to be thought about or studied carefully b to buy something cheaply c to get married 4: Buy something for a song d to act according to one’s feelings 5: Hard – nosed e someone who you think is stupid 6:Birb brain f a bruise near one’s eye 7:Say “ I do” g to be not weak or soft ,to be stubborn 8: Dressed to kill h.By foot 9: By shank’s mare i: to wear one’s finest clothes 10: Carry the ball k: to be in charge of Suggested answer: d f a b g e c i h 10 k 3.2.4 Finding the equivalent idioms from English into Vietnamese a Make or Mar b Men make houses, women make homes c Diamonds cut diamonds d Never put off until tomorrow what can today e No pains , no gains f No pain, no cure g Like father , like son Suggested answers: a :Được ăn ngã không b Đàn ông làm nhà , đàn bà xây tổ ấm c Vỏ quýt dày có ngón tay nhọn d.Việc hôm để ngày mai e Gian nan có thành cơng f Thuốc đắng giã tật 17 g Cha 3.2.5: Finding the equivalent idioms from Vietnamese into English a Không thầy đố mày làm nên b Ác giả, Ác báo c Ai làm chịu d Tốt gỗ tốt nước sơn e Xa mặt cách lòng f Thuốc đắng dã tật Suggested answer: a: No guide, no realization b: As the call so the echo c: He who breaks , pays d: Beauty is only skin deep e: Out of side out of mind f : No pain no cure 18 PART III: CONCLUSION The author did the survey of the understanding about the idioms in English The domain of idioms in our life is very large and they have a big influence in learning, teaching and acquiring language The important of idioms was improved because everywhere you can see that idioms will exist in not only printed editions but the everyday using language as well In part1, the author gives the introduction about the study: the reason, the aims, objectives, scope, format and the method of the study The part investigation: in the chapter 1, the author discusses the theoretical background of idioms: the definition, the characteristics, the history of the studying idioms, the distinction between idioms and proverbs In the chapter the author presents the varieties of the in the first chapters in the “Harry Potter and the Goblet of fire” the next chapter 3: the author also suggested some kinds of exercises for students and teachers read and acknowledge The key of control idioms in your hand is practicing in connection with the right methods and kinds of exercises that teachers give out The research just gives very small topic about idioms Idioms are interesting topic, can other researchers other researches about the idioms in other books, stories or deeply research about the ways of using right methods to teach and learn English idioms in schools 19 REFERENCE -Advanced learner’ dictionary of Oxford university - Http/www: Idiom connection.com - “Harry Potter and the Goblet of fire” J.k Rowling (published in 2000) - “Word, meaning and vocabulary” by Howard Jackson and Etienne Ze Anvela 20 ... Vietnamese into English a Không thầy đố mày làm nên b Ác giả, Ác báo c Ai làm chịu d Tốt gỗ tốt nước sơn e Xa mặt cách lòng f Thuốc đắng dã tật... shot a nervous look through the window (32) - Making it look badly, mixed black currant ice cream (33) - Like a loose firework(38) - You want to the pants bored off you(37) - He sat there on the