Tái sử dụng bùn đáy ao nuôi cá tra pangasianodon hypophthalmus để sản xuất phân hữu cơ tại xã hòa lạc huyện phú tân tỉnh an giang

TAI Stf DUNG BUN DAY AO NUOICA TRA {Pangasianodon ' Hypophthalmus) DE SAN XUAT PHAN HU*U CO TAI XA HOA LAC, HUYEN PHU TAN, TINH AN GIANG TRl^dNG BAIHQC AN GIANG KHOA NONG NGHIEP & TAI NGUYEN THIEN NHIEN NGUYEN QUANG MINH TAI SU" DUNG BUN DAY AO NUOI CA TRA (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) BE SAN XUAT PHAN HUtJ CO TAI XA HOA LAC, HUYEN PHU TAN, TINH AN GIANG TRUONG OAIHOC AN GIANG ' THl/VIEN BAO CAO KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP NGANH PHAT TRIEN NONG THON Khoa hoc: 2009 - 2013 GIAO VIEN HUOfNG DAN Ths Huynh Ngoc Dire AnGiang, thang4 2013 Loi cam on Con xin ghi nho cong on Ba, Me da sinh va nuoi duong nen nguoi va dat nhu hom Trong suot qua trinh thuc hien de tai, toi nhan duqc su giup d5 tan thih ciia quy Thay, Co va cac ban Xin cho toi giti Ioi biet on chan va sau she nhat d6n: •Thay Huynh Ngpc Biic da tan tinh giup do, dpng vien, truyen dat kien thiic va kinh nghiem quy bau de toi hoan tot de tai Toi xin chan biet on: •Quy Thay, Co bp mon Phat trien Nong thon va Quan ly Tai nguyen Thien nhien - Tnrong Bai hoc An Giang da tao diSu kien thuan lpi cho toi thuc hien d tai •Cac co, chu, anh, chi Uy ban Nhan dan xa Hoa Lac, huyen Phii Tan, tinh An Giang va toan thl ba con, co bac tai xa Hoa Lac da nhiet tinh giup do, gop y, cung cap thong tin va chia se nhung kinh nghiep quy bau de toi co the hoan bai bao cao khoa luan tot nghiep •Xin chan cam on tap th^ lop BH10PN da dpng vien, chia se va nhiet tinh giup toi suot thbi gian hoc tap, cung nhu qua trinh thuc tap tot nghiep Muc luc Muclucii Danh sach hinhv Danh sach ban^vi Danh sach tu* viet tat;vii Tomlmrcviii Chuomg Gioi thieu1 1.1DatvindS1 1.2Muc tieu nghien ciiu2 1.2.1Muc tieu chung2 1.2.2Muc tieu cu thg2 1.3Cau hoi nghien ciiu2 1.4Doi turang va gidi han nghien ciiu2 Chtroiig Lirffc khao tai lieu3 2.1Khai quat ve cac loai phan bon htru ca3 2.1.1Mot so khai niem ve phan hiiu ca3 2.1.2Vai tro cua phan htru ca san xuat nong nghiep3 2.1.3Uu va nhuqc diem sur dung phan him ca6 2.2Chat thai nong nghiep va ling dung de san xuat phan hiiu ca7 2.2.1Bun thai ao nuoi ca tra7 2.2.2Ram11 2.3Dae tinh ve cay can;14 Chmmg Phuong phap nghien ciiu15 3.1Dae diem vung nghien ciiu:15 3.1.1Dieu kien ttr nhien15 3.1.2Di6u kien kinh tg xa hoi 16 3.2Vat lieu17 3.2.1Bun day ao17 3.2.2Ram19 3.3Phuang phap20 ii 3.3.1Tinh trgng lugng kho cua nguyen lieu u20 3.3.2Phan tich thanhphan dinh duang ciia nguyen lieu22 3.3.3Bo trf thi nghiem u phan huu ca23 3.3.4Xay dung kh6i u24 3.3.5Theodoi nhiet khiu25 3.3.6Phan tich ham lugng dinh duang phan huu ca sau u25 3.3.7Nhapvaxuly si lieu26 Chirong Kit qua thao Iuan27 4.1Dae tinh cua nguyen lieu trudc li phan27 4.1.1Dae tinh vat ly27 4.1.2Dae tinh hoa hoc cua nguyen lieu li phan huu ca28 4.2Su bien thien nhiet khii li va thai gian hoai muc35 4.2.1Su biin thien nhiet khii u35 4.2.2Xac djnh thai gian hoai muc37 4.3Thanh phan dinh duang cua phan huu ca sau u38 4.3.1pH cua phan huu ca38 4.3.2Do din dien (EC) cua phan huu ca (mS.cm"1)39 4.3.3Ham luang chat huu ca (CHC) phan huu ca (%)40 4.3.4Ham lugng dam ting so (Nts) phan huu ca (%)42 4.3.5Dam de tieu phan huu ca (ppm)43 4.3.6Ham lugng Ian ting so (Pts) phan huu ca (%)44 4.3.7Ham lugng Ian de tieu phan huu ca (ppm)45 4.3.8Ham lugng kali ting si (Kts) phan huu ca (%)46 4.3.9Ham lugng canxi (Ca) phan huu ca (ppm)47 4.3.10Ham lugng sit (Fe) phan huu ca (%)48 4.3.11Ham lugng dong (Cu) phan huu ca (ppm)48 4.3.12Ham lugng kem (Zn) phan huu ca (ppm)49 4.3.13Ham lugng magie (Mg) phan huu ca (%) 50 4.3.14Ham lugng mangan(Mn) phan huu ca (%)51 4.4Nhan xet ve phan htru ca (bun day ao + ram)51 Chuong Ket Iuan va klen nghj54 5.1 Kit Iuan54 iii 5.2Kiennghi,54 Tai lieu tham khao55 Danh sach hinh Hinh 1: Sa torn tit qua trinh san xuat phan huu ca tir ram13 Hinh 2: Ban d6 hanh chinh xa Hoa Lac, huyen Phil Tan, tinh An Giang15 Hinh 3: Thu mlu bun tucri tai ao18 Hinh 4: Van chuyen mau bhn,18 Hinh 5: Bun duqc du tru tai trubng dai hoc An Giang19 Hinh 6: Tron va phoi rcrm tai trubng dai hqc An Giang20 Hinh 7: Phucmg phap liy mlu bun hroi di siy kho21 Hinh 8: Mlu bun sau siy21 Hinh 9: Mlu ram sau siy22 Hinh 10: So d6 b6 tri cac nghiem thiic24 Hinh 11: Dong u,24 Hinh 12: Do nhiet khbi u bing nhiet ki25 Hinh 13: Mlu phan huu ca sau u26 Hinh 14: Sir bien thien nhi$t trung binh theo thai gian cua NT35 Danh sach bang Bang 1: Thanh phan hoa hoc ciia bim day ao nudi ca tra8 Bang 2: Thanh pMn hoa hoc ciia rom (%)12 Bang 3: Dien tich ao nuoi thiiy san xa Hoa Lac so vdi huyen Phii Tan17 Bang 4: Chi tieu va phuong phap phan tich nguyen lieu bun va rom22 Bang 5: Ty le phoi tron bim va rom cac nghiem thuc23 Bang 6: Khdi luong bun trade va sau say (g)27 Bang 7: Khdi luong rom trade va sau say (g)27 Bang 8: Ham luong cac chat dinh duong bim day ao28 Bang 9: Thangdanh gialan de tieu (phuong phap Olsen) (ppm)31 Bang 10: Thanh phita hoa hoc ciia rom34 Bang 11: Gia tri nhiet trang binh cua cac NT (C)36 Bang 12: Ham luong cac chat dinh duong phan him co38 Bang 13: pH trang binh cua cac NT39 Bang 14: EC trang binh cua cac NT (mS.cm1)40 Bang 15: Ham luong CHC trang binh cua cac NT (%)41 Bang 16: Ham luong dam tdng sd trang binh cua cac NT (%)42 Bang 17: Ham luong dam de tieu trang binh ciia cac NT (ppm)43 Bang 18: Ham luong Ian tong so (Pts) trang binh cua cac NT (%)44 Bang 19: Ham luong Ian de tieu trang binh cua cac NT (ppm)45 Bang 20: Ham luong kali t6ng so (Kts) trang binh ciia cac NT (%)46 Bang 21: Ham luong canxi trang binh cua cac NT (ppm)47 Bang 22: Ham luong s^t trang binh ciia cac NT (%)48 Bang 23: Ham luong dong trang binh ciia cac NT (ppm)49 Bang 24: Ham luong kem trang binh cua cac NT (ppm)50 Bang 25: Ham luong magie trang binh cua cac NT (%)50 Bang 26: Ham luong mangan trang binh cua cac NT (%)51 Danh sach tfr viet tat NT Nghiem thiic EC Do dan dien CHC CMt httu ca Nts Dam t6ng so Pts Lan tong so Kts Kali tong so C Carbon N Nita (dam) P Phospho (lan) K Kali Ca Canxi Fe Sat Cu D6ng Zn Kem Mg Magie Mn Mangan VSV Vi sinh vat DBSCL D6ng b5ng song Cuu Long Tom hroc Nghien ciiu dugc thuc Men nham tim Meu kha nang tai six dung bun thai ao nuoi ca tra lam phan bdn huu co cho san xuat nong nghiep, gop phan lam giam thieu nhiem moi trudng Trong do, tan dung cac nguyen lieu bien nhu bun day ao nuoi ca tra va ram lua Bun dugc thu thtip tir ao chua a xa Hoa Lac (huyen Phu Tan, tinh An Giang) sau hut bun Ram dugc thu thap tir trai san xuat gidng Binh Due (thupc cong ty CPBVTV An Giang, huyen Chau Thanh) tinh trang kho rao Nguyen lieu bun va ram dugc xac dinh tinh chat vat ly (mau sac va lugng kho) va mot s6 phan hoa hoc (pH, EC, N tdng s6, N de tieu, P tdng s6, P d tieu, Carbon, K tdng so, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mg, Mn) trudc tign hanh u phan huu ca Thi nghiem u phan him ca dugc thuc Men tai truong dai hoc An Giang, vao thang (mua mua) vdi 13n lap lai cua righiem thtic: NT1 (90% bun + 10% ram), NT2 (70% bun + 30% ram), NT3 (50% bun + 50% ram) va NT4 (30% bun + 70% ram) Ket qua cho thiy ham lugng cacbon him ca, dam t6ng sd, dam dg tigu, Ian tong so, Ian dg tigu dgu a mtic kha dgn giau Gia tri pH thuoc loai trung tinh, dan dien a mtic cao va ham lugng cac ygu to da (kali), trang va vi lugng d muc thdp Boi vdi phan him ca, ham lugng cacbon him ca, dam tong so, dam dg tigu (NT3), Ian tdng sd, Ian dl tigu, Fe, Zn, Mn d ca ngMem thuc dgu cao han so vdi bun day ao, bgn canh cac yeu to da, trung va vi lugng lai hau hgt dgu thap han so vdi bun day ao Xet ve mat dinh dudng cho cay trdng can, nghiem thiic co ty le phdi tron nguyen lieu bun day ao ca tra va rcrm d ty le 50:50 (hay 1:1) theo lugng kho dugc chgn lua dg co thg su dung cho cay can Kgt qua hay lam ca sd cho viec ting dung phan him ca trgn mot so loai cay can dg danh gia Meu qua cua chting va gop phan giam thigu nhigm moi trudng ixu tien nhat Trong klii do, vdi chung loai cay nay, cac chi tieu khac diroc uu tien a hang tlni ke va nhin chung khong khac biet nhieu giua cac tictTii#iti nghiem fVn'rr* thirc 53 Chmmg Ket Iuan va kien nghi 5.1Kit Iuan Qua ket qua phan tich ty le kho/tuai cua bun va ram Ian luqt la 35,70% va 93,86%, cho thay ham luang nude bun cao 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Model: pH versus nthuc, laplai Seq SS 68667 03500 25833 98000 Adj SS 1.68667 0.03500 0.25833 Source nthuc laplai Error Total DF nthuc Mean 7.000 7.300 7.733 7.967 SE Mean 0.1198 0.1198 0.1198 0.1198 7.550 7.425 7.525 0.1037 0.1037 0.1037 11 Adj MS 0.56222 0.01750 0.04306 F P 13.06 0.005 0.41 0.683 laplai nthuc N Mean Grouping A 7 A B B C C General Linear Model: EC(mS/cm) versus nthuc, laplai Source nthuc laplai Error Total DF 11 nthuc Mean 0.9667 1.3667 2.7667 5.3000 SE Mean 0.1404 0.1404 0.1404 0.1404 2.4250 2.8000 2.5750 0.1216 0.1216 0.1216 Seq SS 34 5200 2850 3550 35 1600 Adj SS 34.5200 0.2850 0.3550 Adj MS 11.5067 0.1425 0.0592 F 194.48 2.41 P 0.000 0.171 laplai nthuc N Mean 5.3 2.8 1.4 1.0 Grouping A B C C General Linear Model: %C versus nthuc, laplai Source nthuc laplai Error Total DF 11 Seq SS 27 32 06 118 60 147 98 Adj SS Adj MS F p 27 32 06 118 60 9.11 1.03 19.77 46 05 720 950 62 nthuc laplal Mean 37 70 41 53 40 72 SE Mean 2.567 2.567 2.567 2.567 39 69 40 21 39 20 2.223 2.223 2.223 38 84 nthucNMeanGrouping 3341.5A 4340.7A 1338.8A 2337.7A General Linear Model: % N versus nthuc, laplai Source nthuc laplai Error Total DF Seq SS 2.1851 8.8153 • 4.0736 11 15.0741 nthuc Mean 0.5927 0.8867 3.3927 1.4373 nthuc N Mean 3.4 1.4 0.9 0.6 Adj SS 2.1851 8.8153 4.0736 Adj MS 0.7284 4.4077 0.6789 F P 1.07 0.428 6.49 0.032 SE Mean 0.2077 0.2077 0.2077 0.2077 Grouping A B B B General Linear Model: N (ppm) versus nthuc, laplai SourceDF nthuc3 laplai2 Error6 Total11 Seq SS 141300 110642 252219 504161 Adj SS Adj MS 141300 47100 110642 55321 252219 42037 F 1.12 1.32 nthucMean 184.00 2289.33 3602.00 4130.67 nthucN Mean Grouping 33 602.0 A 23 289.3 B 43 130.7C 13 84.0 C 63 P 0.412 0.336 General Linear Model: % P versus nthuc, laplai Source nthuc laplai Error Total DF 11 nthuc • Mean 0.2039 0.1829 0.2115 0.2467 SE Mean 0.01373 0.01373 0.01373 0.01373 0.2205 0.1871 0.2261 0.01189 0.01189 0.01189 laplai nthuc N 3 Seq SS 0063322 0035572 0033914 0132808 Adj MSFP 0.00211073.730.080 0.00177863.150.116 0.0005652 Grouping A A A A Mean 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 Adj SS 0.0063322 0.0035572 0.0033914 General Linear Model: P (ppm) versus nthuc, laplai Source nthuc laplai Error Total DF nthuc Mean 97.33 131.33 146.00 120.00 SE Mean 7.338 7.338 7.338 7.338 125.50 117.25 128.25 6.355 6.355 6.355 11 laplai nthuc N 3 3 Adj SS Adj MS Seq SS 3793 262 969 5024 Mean 146.0 131.3 120.0 97.3 3793 262 969 1264.4 131.1 161.5 F P 7.83 0.017 0.81 0.488 Grouping A A B A B B General Linear Model: % K versus nthuc, laplai Source^ nthuc laplai Error Total DF 11 Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS 93760 05721 23521 0.93760 0.05721 0.23521 0.312'53 0.02860 0.03920 23001 nthuc Mean 11.285 21.390 SE Mean 0.11431 0.11431 64 F 97 73 P 016 520 laplai 1.440 2.004 11431 11431 1.508 1.623 1.459 09900 09900 nthuc N Mean 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.3 0.09900 Grouping General Linear Model: Ca (ppm) versus nthuc, laplai Seq SS 3074 19 67 37 212 17 3353 72 Adj SS Adj MS F P 3074.19 67.37 212.17 1024.73 33.69 35.36 28.98 0.95 0.001 0.437 Source nthuc laplai Error Total DF 11 nthuc Mean 24.57 24.51 34.57 63.61 SE Mean 3.433 3.433 3.433 3.433 33.58 39.18 37.69 2.973 2.973 2.973 laplai • nthuc N 3 3 Mean Grouping 63.6 A 34.6 B 24.6 B 24.5 B General Linear Model: % Fe versus nthuc, laplai SourceDFSeq SSAdj SS nthuc31.062901.06290 laplai20.205540.20554 Error60.579080.57908 Total111.84752 nthuc Mean 848 248 593 083 Adj MS FP 0.354303.670.082 0.102771.060.402 0.09651 SE Mean 0.1794 0.1794 0.1794 0.1794 laplai 352 348 0.1553 0.1553 0.1553 nthuc N Mean Grouping 1.8A 1.6A 1.2A 1.1A 65 General Linear Model: Cu (ppm) versus nthuc, laplai Seq SS 222 912 18 777 11 760 253 448 Adj SS 222.912 18.777 11.760 Source nthuc laplai Error Total DF •3 nthuc Mean 28 32 22 09 23 45 16 23 SE Mean 0.8083 0.8083 0.8083 0.8083 23 84 0.7000 0.7000 0.7000 11 laplai 20 84 22 88 nthuc N 3 3 Mean 28.3 23.5 22.1 16.2 Adj MSFP 74.30437.910.000 9.3884.790.057 1.960 Grouping A B B C General Linear Model: Zn (ppm) versus nthuc, laplai SourceDFSeq SSAdj SSAdj MS nthuc3677.36677.36225.79 laplai20.180.180.09 Error6314.34314.3452.39 Total11991.88 nthuc Mean 134.6 120.0 133.4 118.1 SE Mean 179 179 4.,179 179 126.5 126.7 126.4 619 3,,619 3,,619 F P 4.31 0.061 0.00 0.998 laplai nthuc N 3 3 Mean 134 133 120 118 Grouping A A A A General Linear Model: % Mg versus nthuc, laplai Source nthuc laplai Error Total DF 11 Seq SS 0.0013271 0.0014159 0.0026679 0.0054110 Adj SS 0013271 0014159 0026679 Adj MS 0004424 0007080 0004447 66 F 99 59 P 0.457 0.279 nthuc laplai nthuc Mean 0.08617 0.07560 0.09957 0.10143 SE Mean 0.01217 0.01217 0.01217 0.01217 0.08273 0.10605 0.08330 0.01054 0.01054 0.01054 N Mean 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Grouping A A A A General Linear Model: Mn (%) versus nthuc, laplai Source nthuc laplai Error Total DF 11 nthuc laplai nthuc N 3 3 Adj SS 0.0084116 0.0000059 0.0003544 Mean 03210 03640 06305 09852 SE Mean 0.004437 0.004437 0.004437 0.004437 05844 05675 05736 0.003843 0.003843 0.003843 0 0 Seq SS 0.0084116 0.0000059 0.0003544 0.0087719 Adj MSFP 0.002803947.470.000 0.00000290.050.952 0.0000591 Mean Grouping 0.1 A 0.1 B 0.0 C 0.0 C 67 ... phln Bao ve Thuc vat An Giang Mau rom duac thu tu rupng thi nghiem sau thu hoach tinh trang kho rao va duac van chuyen ve truang dai hoc An Giang bang xe tai 1,5 tan Tai san xi mang cua trai thuc... TAN, TINH AN GIANG TRUONG OAIHOC AN GIANG '' THl/VIEN BAO CAO KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP NGANH PHAT TRIEN NONG THON Khoa hoc: 2009 - 2013 GIAO VIEN HUOfNG DAN Ths Huynh Ngoc Dire AnGiang, thang4 2013... tren ao nuoi blng thiic an tu che cao han cd tri sd la 0,27-0,42%, tdng kali (Kte) ciia bim day ao nuoi bang thiic an vien thudng cao han TK ciia bun day ao nuoi bang thiic an tu che (Cao Van Phung