English phonetics and phonology

ENGLISH PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY Subject details Subject name English Phonetics and Phonology Units of credits 1,5 Prerequisite Listening-Speaking-Reading-Writing Subject structure - Theory: 10 periods - Exercise: periods - Discussion: periods Suggested study commitment 60 periods of self-study Subject lecturer Lê Cao Hoàng Hà Contact details Email: hoangha.ntu@gmail.com Cell phone: 0936158540 Course Content This course will focus on the following theoretical aspects: the production of speech, the classification of the English sounds, phonology: the sound patterns of English, the syllable, English word stress, aspects of connected speech, weak forms and intonation Textbooks and reference books • Textbooks: Phonetics by Peter Roach English Phonetics and Phonology: A course book for students of the English Department by Ha Cam Tam • Reference books: A course in Phonetics, 6th edition by Peter Ladefoged & Keith Johnson SYLLABUS Session Contents Notes Course introduction periods Phonetics and Phonology periods The Production of Speech periods The Classification of the English Sounds periods Phonology: The Sound Patterns Of Language periods The Syllable periods Word - Stress periods Aspects of Connected Speech periods Intonation periods 10 Stop and check periods Evaluation Mid-term test (date decided by lecturer): 50% - Attendance & Participation: 15% - Group work: 10% - Homework: 5% - Test: 20% Final test (date decided by academic training office): 50% CLASS RULES • • • • • Come on time Come prepared Come ready to participate One person speaks at a time No cell phone use during the lesson Chapter Phonetics and Phonology Phonetics and its branches 1.1 Phonetics: • Definition: Phonetics is the study of how speech sounds are produced, transmitted and perceived • aspects of speech sounds: - physiological - acoustic - auditory • branches of phonetics: - articulatory phonetics - acoustic phonetics - auditory phonetics 1.2 Articulatory phonetics: (Production of speech sounds) - Articulation: Production of different speech sounds through the use of organs of speech - Articulators: + Passive articulators + Active articulators - Cavities: oral, nasal, pharyngeal - Vocal tract Morphology Swahili >< English ni -ta -ku -penda (Swahili- East Africa) I will you love (English) (I will love you) It would seem that this Swahili „word‟ is rather different from what we think as an English „word‟  Morphology: the study of the basic element used in a language MORPHOLOGY: THE WORDS OF LANGUAGE morphe (Greek) = shape, form -ology = "science of" MORPHOLOGY The study of the internal structure of words, and of the rules by which words are formed To know a word, is to know • spelling • pronunciation • definition • part of speech • history • non-standard/slang • whether the word is vulgar (popular) • whether the word is obsolete (not popular; no longer in use) • examples Morphemes Morpheme: a minimal unit of meaning or grammatical function Examples: „work’ has one morpheme „worker‟ has two morphemes (work and er) „teachers‟ has three morphemes (teach, er and s) Free and bound morphemes • Free morphemes: morphemes that can stand by themselves as single words Examples: lock, want • Bound morphemes: morphemes that cannot stand alone and are typically attached to another form Examples: un(lock), (want)ed Lexical and functional morphemes • Lexical morphemes: set of ordinary nouns, adjectives and verbs They carry the „content‟ of the messages we convey They are treated as an „open‟ class of words Ex: house, sad, look • Functional morphemes: set which consists largely of the functional words in the language such as conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns They are described as a „closed‟ class of words Ex: but, on, an, they Derivational and inflectional morphemes • Derivational morphemes: include suffixes such as ish in foolish, -ly in quickly and prefixes such as -mis in misunderstand, -un in unhappy  We use these bound morphemes to make new words or to make words of a different grammatical category from the stem • Inflectional morphemes: English has inflectional morphemes: noun (2), verb (4), adjective (2)  These bound morphemes are not used to produce new words in the language, but rather to indicate aspects of the grammatical function of a word Morphological description How many morphemes can you identify in the following sentence? The child’s wildness shocked the teachers the: functional, child: lexical, -‟s: inflectional, wild: lexical, -ness: derivational, shock: lexical, -ed: inflectional, the: functional, teach: lexical, -er: derivational, -s: inflectional Morphs and allomorphs cat + {plural} cats put + {past tense} put bus + {plural} buses go + {past tense} went sheep + {plural}  sheep read + {past tense}  read man + {plural}  men walk + {past tense}  walked Morphs and allomorphs (cont) A morpheme is manifested (shown) as one or more morphs (surface forms) in different environments These morphs are called allomorphs An allomorph is one of two or more complementary morphs which manifest a morpheme in its different phonological or morphological environments More exercises Alternate the following phrases, clauses, or sentences in a more effective way by applying morphological rules Example: A solution on which everybody agrees  A globally-accepted/globally-agreed solution University degree is something that everyone must have to apply for a job Nha Trang is a place that every tourist must visit People usually talk about the environmental pollution The TOEFL is based on English used in the classroom but the TOEIC is based on English used in the workplace Rice is briefing European officials on the results of her tour in six countries in the Middle East Don‟t try to have a pronunciation which is similar to that produced by native speakers Education should be considered the most important A latest report by the branch of the State Bank of Vietnam in Ho Chi Minh City says that capital that the commercial banks have mobilized has grown steadily According to the schedule, Mr Abbas would meet with President Vladimir V Putin on Tuesday 10 South Korea refused to satisfy the demands of those who are keeping the hostages Match the expressions on the left with the correct morphological description on the right (a) wifely, wifehood, wifeless (b) take a wife (c) his wife (d) tall wife (e) Housewife (f) wives (g) exwife compound noun root morpheme plus derivational prefix phrase consisting of adjective plus noun root morpheme plus inflectional suffix root morpheme plus derivational suffix grammatical morpheme followed by lexical morpheme idiom ... during the lesson Chapter Phonetics and Phonology Phonetics and its branches 1.1 Phonetics: • Definition: Phonetics is the study of how speech sounds are produced, transmitted and perceived • aspects... books • Textbooks: Phonetics by Peter Roach English Phonetics and Phonology: A course book for students of the English Department by Ha Cam Tam • Reference books: A course in Phonetics, 6th edition... classification of the English sounds, phonology: the sound patterns of English, the syllable, English word stress, aspects of connected speech, weak forms and intonation Textbooks and reference books