Định kiến của sinh viên philippines về sinh viên quốc tế nhật bản Định kiến của sinh viên philippines về sinh viên quốc tế nhật bản Định kiến của sinh viên philippines về sinh viên quốc tế nhật bản luận văn tốt nghiệp,luận văn thạc sĩ, luận văn cao học, luận văn đại học, luận án tiến sĩ, đồ án tốt nghiệp luận văn tốt nghiệp,luận văn thạc sĩ, luận văn cao học, luận văn đại học, luận án tiến sĩ, đồ án tốt nghiệp
VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION GRADUATION THESIS STEREOTYPES OF JAPANESE INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS HELD BY FILIPINO STUDENTS IN UP DILIMAN Supervisor: Lại Thị Thanh Vân Student: Nguyễn Phương Anh Course: QH2013 Hanoi, May 2017 ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH KHOÁ LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP ĐỊNH KIẾN CỦA SINH VIÊN PHILIPPINES VỀ SINH VIÊN QUỐC TẾ NHẬT BẢN Giáo viên hướng dẫn: Lại Thị Thanh Vân Sinh viên: Nguyễn Phương Anh Khoá: QH.2013 HÀ NỘI – NĂM 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study is the result of my experience in Intercultural Communication and the great support and encouragement from the supervisor, friends, and family First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards my supervisor, Ms Lai Thi Thanh Van for her continual support throughout my thesis Despite her busy schedule at university and at home, she still spared time to give me valuable comments with her knowledge and patience, whilst allowing me the room to work in my own way Her constructive guidance has made it possible for me to finish this study, and I attribute the level of my Bachelor degree to her encouragement and consideration My special thanks also go to Chau Hong Quang, my supportive classmate, also my only Vietnamese partner to go to the Philippines in the first semester of the academic year 2016-2017 It was he who showed me the chance to go on the exchange program and inspired me to my thesis in the field of Intercultural Communication, based on what we experienced there and actually start the project with big enthusiasm and determination He has always been a good example in terms of persistence and productivity, which was a good motivation for me to keep working on the project I am also indebted to many other friends who have played an essential role in this study I have been blessed with a group of helpful and cheerful fellow students in the Philippines, including those of different nationalities such as Filipino, Japanese, and Cambodian who either directly took part in the research or introduced me to potential participants Without their genuine help and useful advice, this thesis, too, would not have been completed Last but not least, I would like to offer my big thank to my family Their material and mental support and countless encouragements, as well as constant reminders for me have been of great importance in giving me confidence and motivation to finish this study i ABSTRACT This study investigated the stereotypes of Japanese international students held by Filipino counterparts in University of the Philippines Diliman (Quezon city, Manila, Philippines) To begin with, 32 Filipino students from University of the Philippines Diliman were asked to list traits describing a typical Japanese student, generating 29 frequent descriptors Next, 10 Filipino participants reported the likelihood of each trait's trueness through an online survey, and later on indicated the reasons for their choices by telling their experiences The analysis process reveals 29 frequent traits of Japanese international students It can be seen that some of the results reflect previous literature concerning stereotypes of Asians generally (e.g.: Smart/clever, hardworking/diligent, and not good at English), whereas, others are more unique (e.g.: Cute/lovely, individualistic/independent, and youthful/young-looking) Stereotypes ranged from highly true (e.g.: Polite/well-mannered and persistent/determined) to highly untrue (e.g.: Fake/two-faced) Results are discussed with respect to prior literature on stereotypes of Asian Americans in the U.S.A and Japanese people in the Philippines, from which implications for communication between Filipinos and Japanese students are drawn ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Research title Rationale and Statement of the research Research questions Aims and significance of the research Scope of the research Chapter 2: Literature Review An Overview of Stereotypes 1.1 Definition 1.2 Stereotypes about cultural groups 1.3 Stereotype content Related studies Chapter 3: Methodology Participants Data collection techniques 10 Data collection procedure 11 3.1 Step 1: Paper survey 11 3.2 Step 2: Online survey and interview 12 Data analysis procedure 12 Chapter 4: Findings and Discussion 14 Findings 14 1.1 Frequency of traits 14 1.2 The traits’ trueness 19 1.3 Explanation of results 22 Discussion 33 2.1 Significance of results 33 iii 2.2 Implications 35 Chapter 5: Conclusion 37 Summary of findings 37 Limitations of the study 37 Recommendations for further studies 38 REFERENCES 39 APPENDICES 43 APPENDIX A Paper survey 43 APPENDIX B Online survey 44 APPENDIX C Letter to the Officer-in-charge of Acacia Residence Hall in requirement of the number of international students in the dormitory 47 APPENDIX D Email to the Office of International Linkages – UP Diliman in requirement of the number of international students on campus 48 To: Oild RCE UP Diliman 48 APPENDIX E List of major interview questions 49 iv LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES AND ABBRIVIATION PAGE Table 1: Frequency of traits listed by Filipino students to describe Japanese international students .19 Table 2: Mean and standard deviation of the likelihood of the traits’ trueness attributed to Japanese international students……………………………………….25 Abbreviations UPD: University of the Philippines Diliman v Chapter 1: Introduction Research title Stereotypes of Japanese international students held by Filipino students in UP Diliman Rationale and Statement of the research During the Second World War, Japan with its re-emergence to the status of a supreme power had invaded and conquered almost the whole South-East Asia The Philippines, supposedly having suffered the heaviest physical damage, adopted a highly hostile attitude towards Japanese who “had left its permanent scars in our soul as a nation” The memories of Japanese Occupation were so fresh and graphic that the question of Japan-Philippines relations used to be seen as “a national and emotional problem” (Kesavan, 1973) Also, due to the geographical propinquity of Japan, many Filipinos were afraid that their land would be the first target for Japan’s attack if there was a possibility for its militarism revival In 1949, a Foreign Office spokesman of the Philippines Government emphasized the country’s obvious position against Japan’s future resurgence as a dominant power which might once more threaten the peace in the Asia-Pacific region This vigilant attitude of Filipinos remained strong during the early post-war, which at the time led to Japanese being prohibited from entering the islands, despite the U.S’s effort in convincing them to improve the relationship with Japan (Kesavan, 1973) The Philippines, however, demanded this former enemy’s compensation for the injuries inflicted during its colonization and indeed, Japan has done a good job with its constructive role It should be noted that Japan has historically been a major business partner of the Philippines; since Japanese merchants established their first presence in the archipelago in the 12th century, significant trading activities have continually taken place A few recent decades have actually witnessed extensive flows of goods, capitals and assistance funds between the two countries, showing a considerable expansion again in bilateral business collaboration (Camacho & Cuevas, 2004) Gaining a global role as an economic giant, Japan has been seen as Philippines’ generous aid donor; this nation started its official development assistance (ODA) to the islands in the mid1960s, and the investment has largely grown since the Treaty of Amity Commerce and Navigation was made effective by President Marcos in the 1970s Noticeably, after the US withdrawal of assistance to the Philippines in the 1990s, Japan’s ODA boomed, reaching $1.030.67 million in 1992, almost triple the amount provided in 1991 at $458.92 million (Camacho & Cueva, 2004) Japanese Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa, in a meeting with President Ramos in 1993, expressed his apology for his country’s war crimes committed against Filipino people during World War II, and simultaneously promised to find the best solution to address the issue Besides the largest ODA source, Japan has been the Philippines’ top trading partner which accounted for a 15.0 percent of the country’s total trade in 2014, demonstrating this East Asian country’s central role in helping its used-to-be war victim recover and develop the economy Today, strategic relationship between the two countries is vibrant, in which the majority of the bonds are held by Japan Together with many previous cooperative programs, an agreement to supply the Philippines with defense equipment and technology in February, 2016 will encourage a lot more joint research and development projects, strengthening Japan-Philippines security tie in the face of the South China Sea Dispute Such connections, also, promote the flows of people between the two nations that have increasingly influenced their relations Apart from visitors, many Japanese engineers, managers, experts and other workers have been to the Philippines to carry out various investments and overseas development assistance programs of their government On the other hand, numerous Filipino trainees and workers in diverse fields have also been sent to Japan The perception of Filipinos towards Japanese, therefore, is believed to have undergone a considerable change In looking forward to the future, it is expected that mutual international concerns, alongside potential rises in both countries’ problems such as populations, employment, regional disparities and environmental change, will urge the two nations to continue and enhance their cooperation, finding constructive ways to deal with such issues Much of this cooperation may begin with citizens from the two cultures coming and interacting, so as to learn about each other and develop positive interpersonal relationships Also, it is noticeable that there rarely has been any research about Filipinos’ stereotypes of Japanese, apart from Berreman’s 1958 study: Filipino stereotypes of racial and national minorities, in which the perceptions that Filipino held towards different racial and national groups including Chinese, Japanese and Americans were presented Therefore, this study looked in particular at Filipinos’ perceptions of Japanese international students, and the primary purpose of the project was to explore the current stereotypes that Filipino students have about Japanese international students, their content and implicit evaluations Also, in comparison with the existing literature concerning stereotypes of Japanese, the project was to check for stereotypical differences or additional stereotypes attributed to this particular Asian group in the Philippines Research questions The study focuses on answering the following questions: What are the primary stereotypes that Filipino students might hold towards Japanese international students in the Philippines? How such stereotypes formed? Aims and significance of the research It is rare to find studies about Japanese students on a foreign country’s campuses Hence, this study aims to provide a deeper understanding of the perceptions ... QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH KHOÁ LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP ĐỊNH KIẾN CỦA SINH VIÊN PHILIPPINES VỀ SINH VIÊN QUỐC TẾ NHẬT BẢN Giáo viên hướng dẫn: Lại Thị Thanh Vân Sinh. .. the Philippines (2015) Foreign Trade Statistics of the Philippines: 2014 Philippines Statistics Authority Retrieved November 9, 2016, from https://psa.gov.ph/content/foreign-trade-statistics -philippines- 2014... The Dynamics of Philippines- Japan Economic Cooperation: The Case of Japan's ODA in the Philippines Philippine Institute for Development Studies Cesar, J & Trajano (2013) Japan and Philippines Align