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THE HANDBOOK OF d n it io n Ed Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com CREATIVE WRITING Edited by Steven Earnshaw www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com The Handbook of Creative Writing www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com The Handbook of Creative Writing Second edition Edited by Steven Earnshaw www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com First edition © Edinburgh University Press 2007 Copyright in the individual contributions retained by the authors Second edition © editorial matter and organisation Steven Earnshaw, 2014 © the chapters their several authors, 2014 First published by Edinburgh University Press in 2007 Edinburgh University Press Ltd The Tun – Holyrood Road 12 (2f) Jackson’s Entry Edinburgh EH8 8PJ www.euppublishing.com Typeset in 10/12pt Adobe Goudy by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport Cheshire, and printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon CR0 4YY A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 7486 8939 (paperback) ISBN 978 7486 8977 (webready PDF) ISBN 978 7486 8978 (epub) The right of Steven Earnshaw to be identified as Editor of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, and the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003 (SI No 2498) www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Contents Acknowledgementsix Preface to Second Edition x Introduction Steven Earnshaw1 Section One – Writing: Theories and Contexts   1. Theories of Creativity and Creative Writing Pedagogy Anna Leahy, Mary Cantrell and Mary Swander11   2. The Evaluation of Creative Writing at MA Level (UK) Jenny Newman24   3. The Creative Writing MFA Stephanie Vanderslice37   4. Creative Writing and Critical Theory Lauri Ramey42  5.  Literary Genres David Rain54   6. The Writer as Artist Steven Earnshaw65   7. The Future of Creative Writing Paul Dawson78 Section Two – The Craft of Writing Prose   8. Reading, Writing and Teaching the Short Story E A Markham95 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com vi ­Contents   9. Writing the Memoir Judith Barrington109 10. Introduction to the Novel Jane Rogers116 11. Crime Fiction John Dale126 12. Writing Science Fiction and Fantasy Crawford Kilian134 13. How Language Lives Us: Reading and Writing Historical Fiction Brian Kiteley146 14. Writing Humorous Fiction Susan Hubbard154 15. Writing for Children Alan Brown162 16. Writing for Teenagers Linda Newbery169 17. The ‘Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Creative Nonfiction, But were too Naïve or Uninformed to Ask’ Workshop Simulation Lee Gutkind176 Poetry 18. Introduction to Poetry Sean O’Brien183 19. What is Form? W N Herbert199 20. New Poetries Aaron Kunin211 21. The Poet in the Theatre: Verse Drama Sean O’Brien229 22. The Sequence and the Long Poem George Szirtes236 Scriptwriting 23. Introduction to Scriptwriting Mike Harris251 24. Writing for the Stage Brighde Mullins263 25. Writing for Radio Mike Harris273 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com ­vii Contents 26. Writing for Television Stephen V Duncan282 27. Writing for Television – UK Differences John Milne291 28. Writing for Film Bonnie O’Neill293 Other Writing 29. Song Lyrics and Poetry Pat Pattison305 30. Flash Fiction Tony Williams315 31. Writing as Experimental Practice Thalia Field324 32. Creative–Critical Hybrids Hazel Smith331 33. Writing as ‘Therapy’ Fiona Sampson341 34. Writing in the Community Linda Sargent349 35. Writing for the Web James Sheard356 36. The Role of the Critical Essay Scott McCracken361 37. Translation Susan Bassnett367 38. Collaboration in the Theatre Timothy Braun374 39. Creative Writing Doctorates Graeme Harper383 40. How to Start a Literary Magazine Rebecca Wolff391 Section Three – The Writer’s Life 41. How to be a Writer John Milne401 42. How to Present Yourself as a Writer Alison Baverstock407 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com viii ­Contents 43. Meet Your Public: Creative Writing and Social Media Lou Treleaven414 44. Publishing Fiction Mary Mount424 45. American PoBiz Chase Twichell432 46. Publishing Poetry in Britain Sean O’Brien439 47. The Literary Agent (Novel) David Smith446 48. The Film Agent Julian Friedmann453 49. The Literary Agent: Television, Theatre and Radio Alan Brodie460 50. Copyright Shay Humphrey, with Lee Penhaligan470 51. Self-Publishing and the Rise of the Indie Author Jane Rowland486 52. Literary Life: Prizes, Anthologies, Festivals, Reviewing, Grants Tom Shapcott494 53. The Writer as Teacher Gareth Creer503 54. Making a Living as a Writer Livi Michael510 Glossary518 Useful Websites 525 Contributors527 Index535 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Acknowledgements I would like to thank Sean O’Brien, Jane Rogers and Mike Harris for their help in constructing the sections on poetry, prose and script Lauri Ramey has been an invaluable bridge across the Atlantic throughout, answering my queries on American matters I would also like to thank the contributors, many of whom I know only through the marvellous if precarious medium of email I have found generosity everywhere, and it has made the book a pleasure to edit Finally, I would like to thank Jackie Jones at EUP, whose idea this book was www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com 534 ­The Handbook of Creative Writing Stephanie Vanderslice is Associate Professor in the Department of Writing and Speech at the University of Central Arkansas Her most recent publications include essays in Teaching Creative Writing (2006, edited by Graeme Harper) and Power and Identity in the Creative Writing Classroom (2005), and she co-edited (with Kelly Ritter) This is (not) Just to Say: Lore and Creative Writing Pedagogy (2007) Stephanie also writes personal essays, fiction and children’s fiction She lives outside Little Rock, Arkansas with her husband and two sons Tony Williams’s very short stories are collected in All the Bananas I’ve Never Eaten: Tales of Love and Loneliness (2012) His poetry collection The Corner of Arundel Lane and Charles Street (2009) was shortlisted for the Aldeburgh First Collection Prize, and All the Rooms of Uncle’s Head (2011) was Poetry Book Society Pamphlet Choice He teaches creative writing at Northumbria University Rebecca Wolff is the editor and publisher of Fence, a nonprofit literary journal published twice yearly since 1998, and Fence Books For more about these publications visit www fencemag.com and www.fencebooks.com She is also the author of two books of poems, Manderley (2001) and Figment (2004) She lives with her family in the Hudson Valley of New York State www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Index Page references in italics indicate a glossary term AAWP (Australian Association of Writing Programs), 79 ABC Television, 284 Abish, Walter, 99: The New Meaning, 216–18 Absolute Write forum, 414 the academy, 15, 21, 43, 52, 72, 78, 79–84, 87, 332, 363, 515, 516, 518; see also BA in Creative Writing; MA in Creative Writing; PhD in Creative Writing; postgraduate courses in creative writing; universities Ackerley, J R., 109 acknowledgements page, 395, 441–2, 445, 448 actors, 230, 232, 263, 264, 271, 370 adaptations, 375, 378, 379, 462, 476, 477, 494, 511 Addonizio, Kim, 16, 17, 19 Adorno, Theodor W., 80, 335, 336 advances, 427, 428, 451–2, 510, 511, 511; see also payments Aeschylus, Oresteia, 233, 254–5, 258, 370 ‘aesthetic enthusiasm’, 68, 401 aesthetics, 43, 44, 66, 67–8, 71, 72, 73, 84, 85, 214, 220, 221, 324; see also Romanticism The Age (Melbourne newspaper), 495 agency, 325, 342–3, 346–7 agents, 409, 412, 413, 421, 425, 430, 446–52, 497 choosing, 461–3 editorial role of, 449–50 and editors, 427–8, 446 fees, 511 film, 453–9 ‘Packaging’, 465–6 radio, 468–9 scriptwriters, 460–3 self-publishing and, 488 television, 463–6 theatre, 466–8 United States, 465–6 ALCS (Author’s Licensing and Collecting Services), 511, 512–13 Aldiss, Brian W., 59, 60 Ali, Monica, Brick Lane, 121, 122, 123 allegory, 58, 219 ALLI (Alliance of Independent Authors), 489 Allison, Dorothy, 68 allusion, 50, 59, 62, 200, 205, 206–7, 306 Althusser, Louis, 80 Amazon, 417, 514 KDP (Kindle Direct Publishing), 486, 487, 488, 490 Amerika, Mark, 338 Amis, Martin, 503, 504 Money: A Suicide Note, 157, 160 analogy, 223, 238–40, 243, 324, 325, 343 analytical essays, 26–7, 28, 518; see also critical essays anapaests, 201, 208, 209 anatomy, 134–5; see also parody Anderson, Melville Best, 42 Anderson, Paul Thomas, Magnolia, 255 Andre, Carl, 214 anthologies, 163, 316, 365, 395, 417, 425, 496 anti-narratives, 261–2 Antioch University of Los Angeles, 15, 16 Apollinaire, Guillaume, 208 Apple, 486, 487 Aquinas, Thomas, 269 Archway Publishing, 488 Arden, John, 231 The Area concept, 283, 287 Aristophanes, 233 Aristotle, 150 on humour, 155 Poetics, 48–9, 55, 96, 100, 185, 186, 254, 257–8, 264–6 Politics, 344 Three-Act Structure, 297 Armitage, Simon, 231 art/artists, 24, 45, 65–76, 70–1, 185, 310–11, 374, 438 ‘art-for-art’s sake’, 69, 440 Arts Council of Great Britain, 386, 439, 442, 500 Arvon course (UK), 505, 518 Ashbery, John, 207, 213 Three Poems, 216 ASI (Author Solutions International), 488 assessment (institutions), 21, 385 assessment (MAs), 24 academic quality and standards of, 35 appeals procedure, 33–4 benefits of, 32–3 pattern, 25, 26–8, 518 troubleshooting, 32–3 types and processes of, 30–2 assessment (MFAs), 38–9 assignments and licences, 480–1 Association of Authors’ Agents, 448, 458 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com 536 ­Index Association of Writers and Writing Programs see AWP Athill, Diana, Stet, 424, 427 Attridge, Derek, 200 Atwood, Margaret, 497 Auden, W H., 12, 188, 189, 191, 196, 246 ‘In Memory of W B Yeats’, 238 audience(s) authorial intent and, 72 ebooks, 487–8 endings, 257 engagement with, 504 film genres and, 294–5 flash fiction, 319 literary festivals, 497 market research, 409, 417 misapprehension of, 67, 69–70 modern art and, 70–1 poetry, 191, 439 role of the artist and, 75–6 scriptwriters and, 251 social networks and, 417 television, 284 workshop and, 18 see also reading public August, Billie, Pelle the Conqueror, 255 Ausable Press, 435–6 Austen, Jane, 59, 154 Northanger Abbey, 58, 169 Pride and Prejudice, 57, 61 Australia, 82–3, 84–5, 465 Adelaide Writers’ Week in, 497, 498 assignments and licences in, 480 copyright in, 470, 471, 475, 476, 482 Fair Dealing, 477, 478 fictocriticism in, 83, 333 grants in, 500, 501 literary prizes in, 494, 495 permission, 480 PhD in creative writing, 88, 387 poetry reviews, 499 theatre in, 467–8 universities in, 82, 83, 86–7, 88 young adult fiction in, 169 authenticity, 57, 84, 132, 185, 335, 345 authorial intent, 73, 342 authorial ownership, 329 authorial voice, 80, 119, 120, 130; see also writers autobiography, 57, 109, 333, 337, 381, 403, 407 autoethnography, 333 automatic writing, 213, 329, 341, 518 avant-garde, 80, 84, 211, 324, 325, 518 AWP (Association of Writers and Writing Programs), 13, 20, 38–9, 386, 518 The AWP Directors’ Handbook, 14, 19 The AWP Official Guide to Writing Programs, 40 BA in Creative Writing, 362, 384, 385, 508 Bainbridge, Beryl, Young Adolf, 158 Baldwin, James, Notes of a Native Son, 179–80 Ball, Lucille, 54 Ballard, J G., 100, 103 Balmer, Josephine, 370 Balzac, Honoré de, 72, 440 Bancroft Prize, 148 Banville, John, 68, 69 Barnes, Julian, 102 Barnes & Noble (book retailer), 487 Barrington, Judith, Lifesaving: A Memoir, 111 Barth, John, 43, 62 Barthelme, Donald, 62, 95, 96, 100, 101, 103, 316 Barthes, Roland, 72, 147, 333 Bath Spa University, 503 Baum, L Frank, 62 Bausch, Richard, 37 Baverstock, Alison, 513, 515 BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation), 229, 234, 279, 280, 292, 464, 465, 468–9 Beardsley, M., 72 beat sheet/beat document (US/ UK), 284–5, 405, 518 Beckett, Samuel, 101, 147, 236, 260, 265–6, 374 All That Fall, 277 on Dublin, 267 Krapp’s Last Tape, 256 on structure, 271 Waiting for Godot, 252, 261, 377 Bedford, Martyn, 505 Bell, Madison Smartt, 16, 17 Bell, Martin, 238 Benjamin, Walter, 149, 368 Berger, John, 345 Bergson, Henri, Creative Evolution, 383–4, 387, 389 Berkoff, Steven, 260 Berlin, Irving, ‘What’ll I do’, 308–9 Bernard, Oliver, 195 Berne Convention, 470, 476 Bernstein, Charles, 51, 219, 220, 333 ‘Thelonious Monk and the Performance of Poetry’, 334–5 Berrigan, Ted, 207 Berryman, John, 246 The Bible, 155, 371 biography, 149, 150–1; see also autobiography Bishop, Elizabeth, 191 ‘At the Fishhouses’, 240 Bishop, Wendy, 11, 16–17, 20 Bizarro, Patrick, 82, 87 black humour, 155–6 Black Mountain poets, 221 Blake, William, 51, 186 The Blake Friedmann agency, 458–9 Blakeson, Ken, Excess Baggage, 274, 278 blank verse, 188, 191, 235, 308, 371 Blogger (free blogging platform), 415, 419 blogs, 40, 358, 359, 409, 411, 415–16, 417, 418, 419–20, 422, 440, 515, 518 Blood Simple (1984), 258 Bloodaxe Books, 439, 444 Bloom, Harold, 61, 62 Blume, Judy, 170 Blyton, Enid, 62 Boccaccio, Giovanni, 56, 106 Bogart, Anne, 378 Bưk, Christian, 220 Bolo, Roberto, 322 Bolt, Ranjit, 246 Bond, Edward, Lear, 49–50 book auctions, 427, 450–1 book clubs, 429, 439, 447 book fairs, 424–5, 456, 489, 489; see also literary festivals Booker Prize see Man Booker Prize for Fiction The Bookseller magazine, 487, 489 booksellers, 428–9, 446–7, 513–14 Borges, Jorge Luis, 73–4, 75, 95, 96, 100, 101 ‘Bottle’ Story concept, 283–4 Boully, Jenny, ‘The Body’, 336 Bowker International, 487 Boyle, T C., 95, 96, 100 Bradbury, Ray, 62–3 brainstorming, 266–7, 326, 351 Brande, Dorothea, 22 Brathwaite, Kamau, 51 Brazil (1985), 255, 261 Brecht, Bertolt, 219, 231, 266, 271 Caucasian Chalk Circle, 375 Breton, André, 156 Brewster, Anne, 337, 338 Brontë, Charlotte, 510 Jane Eyre, 62 Brothers Grimm, 61, 472 Brown, Dan, Angels and Demons, 132 Browning, Robert, 191, 236 Bruer, John T., 17 Buchan, Elizabeth, 410 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com ­537 Index Buchan, John, The Thirty-Nine Steps, 126 Bunting, Basil, 246 Burchill, Julie, 174 Burger, Peter, 84 Burgess, Anthony, A Clockwork Orange, 143 Burgess, Melvin, 172–3, 174 Burke, James Lee, 132 Burke, Seán, 73 Burns, Robert, 205 Burnside, John, 69 Burroughs, Edgar Rice, 61 Burroughs, William, 61, 213 Butt, Michael, A Fire in the West, 274–5 Byron, Lord, 58, 59, 245 Don Juan, 244, 371 Cage, John, 212, 214–15 Cain, James M., 193 California State University, Los Angeles, 46 ‘calling card’ scripts, 28, 421, 442, 454, 455, 463, 501, 518 Calvino, Italo, 51, 96, 100 Campbell, Joseph, 63, 296 Canada, 465 assignments and licences in, 480 copyright in, 470, 471, 474, 475, 477, 478–9, 481, 482 grants in, 500–1 selling radio plays in, 280 Toronto Harbourfront readings in, 497 Capote, Truman, 129 Carey, John, 24, 70–1 Carey, Peter, 497 True History of the Kelly Gang, 118, 121, 123 Carle, Eric, 164 Carlyle, Thomas, 148 Carper, Thomas, 200 Carroll, Lewis, 55, 169 Carter, Angela, 95, 344 Carver, Raymond, 95, 96 Cassidy, Anne, 174 Cassill, R V., 19 catharsis, 55, 326, 342 Cather, Willa, 11 Cayley, Mark, 338 Celan, Paul, 343 CEMA (Council for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts), 101–2 censorship, 34, 163, 224, 342 Cervantes, Miguel de, Don Quixote, 57, 65, 75 Chambers, Aidan, 170 Postcards from No Man’s Land, 172 Topliners series, 174–5 Champion, Miles, 221 Chandler, Raymond, 127, 246 Farewell, My Lovely, 129–30 use of suspense, 131 Chapman, George, 373 characterisation, 426 and action, 121, 127, 148 ‘back’ story, 97, 98, 99, 101, 106, 143, 254, 256, 260, 273 child protagonists, 255–6 in children’s fiction, 166 in crime fiction, 127–8, 131 in drama, 265 in experimental writing, 326–7 Facebook page and, 418 in film, 295–6, 300 in flash fiction, 317, 318, 320, 321 in humorous fiction, 156–8 names and, 157–8 in novels, 120–2, 345 physical description and, 121, 128 in plays, 268, 377–8 in radio drama, 277–9 in science fiction and fantasy, 140, 141–2 scriptwriting and, 255 in short stories, 96, 99–100, 101, 102–3, 106 socially-engaged, 345 and story events, 252–3 suspense and, 131 in teenage fiction, 171–2 in television, 289 tridimensional, 295–6 Charley, Catherine, 411 Chase, James Hadley, 193 chat rooms, 25, 416, 519 Chatham College, 13 Chaucer, Geoffrey, Canterbury Tales, 56, 106, 243 Checkoway, Julie, 20 Chekhov, Anton, 95, 96, 101, 106 ‘Kashtanka’, 159, 160 ‘Lady with a Lapdog’, 97 The Seagull, 374 Three Sisters, 260, 377, 378, 379 Uncle Vanya, 254, 256 Chesterton, G K., 128 ‘childhood map’, 267 children’s fiction, 58, 62, 162–8, 351, 515 Chinese poetry, 369, 371 Churchill, Caryl, 231, 258, 264, 267 Cicero, 367–8, 401 ‘Cinderella’ story, 49, 123, 254, 472 CIPPM (Centre for Intellectual Property Policy and Management), 513 Cisneros, Sandra, 106 city life, and crime fiction, 128–9, 132 Cixous, Hélène, 338 Clare, John, 346 Clark, Timothy, 75 Clarke, Susannah, 60 clichés, 256, 301, 449 close reading, 73, 146, 519; see also New Criticism Coen brothers, 258 Coetzee, J M., 119, 345 Elizabeth Costello, 334, 365 cognitive science, 17, 22 Cohen, Leonard, 306 Cohen, Richard, 20 Cohn, Ruby, 231, 234 Cole, Hillis, 299 Coleman, Elliott, 43 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 51, 185, 189, 212 Lyrical Ballads, 215 collaboration authorship, 330 blogging and, 418 community, 352–3 exercises, 374, 376, 380, 381 magazines, 392 playwrights, 271 publishing as a, 412 theatrical, 374–82 translation, 372 collage, 217–18, 223, 330, 339, 519 Collins, Aaron, ‘Eddie My Love’, 307 comedy, 55 black, 155–6 Greek, 233 radio, 469 screenplays, 294 situation, 286–8 see also humour commercial breaks, 284 commissions, 404, 428, 463, 465, 466 community writing groups/projects, 349–55, 411, 506, 507 composition, 16–18, 41, 79, 82, 87, 206, 213, 215, 216, 219–21, 307–8 Conrad, Joseph, 67, 120 contact hours, 26, 519 content management systems, 358 contextualisation, 82, 88, 345, 362 contracts, 395, 396 with agents, 458–9, 462–3 and copyright, 481–2 negotiations, 451–2 radio drama, 469 and rights reversion, 516 scriptwriting and, 457, 464 serial rights, 435 theatre, 466–7 Cook, Christopher, 129 Coolidge, Clark, 216 Cooper, Giles, Under the Loofah Tree, 275 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com 538 ­Index copy-editors, 428 copyright, 368, 519 agents and, 460 application for, 472–6 contact information, 482 and contracts, 457 duration, 476 history, 470 infringement of, 477, 481 international standards, 470 Internet writing, 359–60, 496 law, 389 magazines, 395 plays, 468 Corelli, Marie, 498 Cormier, Robert, 170 Corwin, Norman Daybreak, 276 Radio Primer, 278, 279 Costello, Elizabeth, 334 The Council for Literary Magazines and Presses, 432 Courtney, Polly, 489 Couto, Mia, 95 craft lectures, 47, 49–50, 519 Crane, Hart, 499 creative–critical hybrids, 331–9 creative nonfiction, 129, 176–80, 519 Creative Writing Studies, 79 creativity, 15–18, 24, 43, 47, 49, 60, 65, 68, 75, 86–7, 297, 354, 368, 417–19, 449 crime fiction, 58, 120–1, 126–32, 192–3, 246, 403 critical commentary, 27, 31, 78, 519 critical essays, 361–6, 518 critical theory, 14, 42–52, 79–81, 83, 84, 86, 88, 509 critical whiteness studies, 337 criticism, 14, 80 constructive, 430 fictocriticism, 83, 332–4 formalism, 51, 56, 78, 83, 207, 219, 223, 325 Internet forums, 357 post-Theory, 81–4, 85, 86 see also creative–critical hybrids critics, 24, 33, 43, 52, 71, 72, 82, 271, 361, 363, 467, 492, 503 crossover books, 162, 169, 171 Crown of Sonnets, 241 ‘CSI’ series, 283 Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, 15 Csokits, János, 372 Cultural Studies, 82, 83, 84, 86 cultural theory, 331, 363, 365 cummings, e e., 208 Curteis, Ian, The Falklands Play, 274 Curtis Brown agency, 488 cut-up(s), 213, 330, 519 dactyls, 201, 208 Dahl, Roald, 62, 167, 171 Dana, Robert, 12 Dante Alighieri, 47, 205, 243, 245 Darling, Julia, ‘The Recovery Bed’, 203, 204 David, Larry, 289 Davies, Andrew, 229 Davis, Lennard, 147 Davis, Lydia, 316, 333 Day, Cathy, 21 daytime television, 289, 409, 410; see also television De Campos, Haroldo, 368 Deacon, Nigel, 281 Dean, Roger, 338 ‘death of the author’, 5, 71, 72, 73, 81, 361 The Deer Hunter (1978), 253 defamiliarisation, 325, 328, 372, 519 Defoe, Daniel, 402 Moll Flanders, 156 Robinson Crusoe, 57, 98 Deleuze, Gilles, 80, 333, 337 Delicatessen (1991), 261 Derrida, Jacques, 73, 75, 79, 80, 333 Desai, Anita, Clear Light of Day, 117, 122, 123 detective novels see crime fiction dialogue characterisation and, 121 in creative-critical hybrids, 335–6 in creative nonfiction, 177 in crime fiction, 127–8 in drama, 257–60 film, 300, 301 in memoirs, 112 in novels, 331 in radio drama, 275 in short stories, 103 in sitcoms, 286–7 Diamond Twig publisher, 442 Dickens, Charles, 61, 67, 345, 498 Great Expectations, 57 Hard Times, 156 readings given by, 497 A Tale of Two Cities, 148 diction, 47, 48, 214, 216, 265, 345 Didion, Joan, ‘The White Album’, 332–3 Die Hard (1988), 254, 255 Digital Video, 293 Dillard, Annie, 177 direct address in radio drama, 275–7 dirty realism, 345, 519 disjunctive writing, 220 ‘Diversity’ website, 281 Doctorow, E L., Ragtime, 148, 151–2 Doherty, Berlie, Deep Secret, 174 Donnelly, Jennifer, 169 Doody, Margaret Anne, 56 Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 57, 60, 120 Doyle, Roddy, 409 drafting, 27, 124, 231, 254, 318, 319, 387 drama see radio drama; theatre; verse drama Dryden, John, 244 Du Maurier, Daphne, 56 Dubus, Andre, 96 Duffy, Carol Ann, 191, 442, 443 Dufresne, John, 154 Dumas, Alexandre, 58 Duncan, Ronald, 231, 234 Duncan, Stephen, 291 Dunn, Douglas, 190, 191, 205, 231 DuPlessis, Rachel Blau, Drafts, 335–6 Durang, Christopher, 264 During, Simon, 86 Durrell, Gerald, 109 Dylan, Bob, 306, 313 Eagleton, Terry, 62, 233 early years books, 164–6 ebooks, 413, 487, 490, 491–2, 516 Eco, Umberto, 51 Foucault’s Pendulum, 441 Edgar, David, 231, 232, 233–4 Edinburgh Festival, 497 editors, 429, 433 and acquisition, 447, 450–1 and agents, 427–8, 446, 449 and booksellers, 428–9 editing, 428 literary magazines, 394–5 and the market, 428–9 poetry, 434–7, 443–4 and writers, 424–7 education, 344, 349–50, 352, 368 Egan, Jennifer, 316 Eggers, Dave, 104, 316 egoism, 68, 401 EIS (UK) Enterprise Investment Scheme, 453, 519 Eisenstein, Sergei, 218 elegy, 341 Eliot, George, 331 Eliot, T S., 51, 152–3, 188, 189, 205, 229 ‘The Journey of the Magi’, 218 ‘Tradition and the Individual Talent’, 50, 67–8, 69, 342–3 verse drama, 231, 236 The Waste Land, 62, 218, 237, 306, 498 Ellroy, James, 130 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 271 emotion, 19, 47, 48, 68, 97, 127, 128, 155, 257, 267, 343–4, 521, 523 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com ­539 Index ‘emotional truth’, 101, 102 Empson, William, 188, 189 Some Versions of Pastoral, 55 endings crime fiction, 129–30 foreshadowing, 143 happy, 163, 257 screenplay, 295 scriptwriting, 256–7 endorsement quotes, 428 Engle, Paul, 12–13, 14, 43 English Studies, 362–3 epic poetry, 236, 243–4, 370 epic realism, 96 Epstein, Jacob, 66–7 Equal Opportunities policy, 34 essays analytical, 26–7, 28, 518 creative nonfiction, 179 critical, 361–6 on dramatic poetry, 231 versus fiction, 101 fictocriticism in, 332–3 poem, 333–6 Euripides, 233, 260 evaluation, 24–35, 257, 355; see also assessment; grading Evans, Steve, 83 Evaristo, Bernardine, 246 experimental writing, 44, 61, 84, 277, 324–30, 327, 358, 365, 519; see also new poetries Facebook, 356, 357, 417, 418, 421, 422, 515 fair use and fair dealing, 477–8 fairy tales, 49, 61, 116, 123, 134, 165, 254, 344, 472 fantasy fiction, 59, 60, 134–45, 162, 163 Faulkner, William, 11, 58 FE (Further Education) colleges, 507 Fearing, Kenneth, 193 feedback, 114, 357, 365, 405, 417, 464, 496 feet (metrical unit), 200–1, 202, 206, 310, 312–13 Fence literary journal, 391, 393, 394–5, 396, 397 Fenza, David, 44–5 Fergusson, Francis, 266 Feuerbach, Ludwig, 331 Fickling, David, 173 fictocriticism, 83, 332–4, 337, 338 FID (free indirect discourse), 130, 520 Field, Syd, 254, 255, 257 Fielding, Helen, Bridget Jones’ Diary, 345 Fielding, Henry, 57 film, 243, 246, 379 agents, 453–9 genres, 56, 60 Hollywood endings, 257 and literary prizes, 494–5 montage, 218 plots, 254–7 rights, 448, 453 scenes, 253 scriptwriting for, 252–3, 293–301 story events in, 252–3 viewing skills, 293 film festivals, 456 first-person narrative, 117–18, 130, 173–4, 177, 192, 220, 320–1, 332–3, 450, 519–20 First World War, 96 Fisher, Roy, 74, 75 Fitzgerald, Edward, 146, 373 Fitzgerald, F Scott, 12, 57, 106, 120 Flaherty, Alice W., 16, 17, 18 flash fiction, 315–22, 520; see also short stories Flaubert, Gustav, 149 Flavell, Helen, 83 Flickr, 415 Florida, Richard, 86–7 Flugel, Ewald, 42 Foerster, Norman, 12 fold-in, 213, 520 folk tales, 134, 135; see also fairy tales footnotes, 35, 122, 336 Ford, John, 60 Ford, Mark, 207 Ford, Richard, 96 Forde, Nigel, 241 foreign language publishers, 425 Foreman, Richard, 377 foreshadowing, 131, 143 form and content, 223 and intentional writing, 213 poetic, 187–8, 191, 199–210, 219 translation and, 370–1 ‘formal innovation’, 101, 102 formalism, 51, 56, 78, 83, 207, 219, 223, 325 formative assessment, 11, 18, 30, 31, 39, 520 formatting, screenplays, 298–9 Forrest-Thomson, Veronica, 219 Forster, E M., 147 on characters, 156 Howards End, 345 forums, 357, 414, 416, 417, 418, 419, 422, 423, 489, 520 Forward Prize, 439 Foucault, Michel, 79, 80, 346 Fowler, Alastair, 56 framing devices, 50, 178–80, 276–7 Frankfurt Book Fair, 425, 456 Franklin, John, 150 Franzen, Jonathan, The Corrections, 364–5 Frasier television series, 287 Frazier, Charles, Cold Mountain, 173 free expression, 437–8 free verse, 188, 199–209, 308, 444 free writing see automatic writing Freed, Lynn, 19–20 Freeling, Nicolas, 403, 405–6 Freiman, Marcelle, 44 French alexandrines, 370 French ‘experimental’ medicine, 324–5 French poetry, 311–12 Freud, Sigmund, 155, 389 Fried, Michael, 219 Frost, Robert, 12, 190 ‘Birches’, 307, 311, 312–13 poetry ‘lost in translation’, 314, 367 Fry, Christopher, 231, 234 Frye, Northrop, 134–5 Anatomy of Criticism, 55 five modes of literature, 140–1 Fugard, Athol, 264 Fuller, Alexandra, 114 Fuller, John, 241, 246 funding film, 453–4 literary magazines, 393–4 poetry publishers, 436 student, 41 Furedi, Frank, 33 Gaffney, David, 316, 321 game shows, 289 Gandhi, Mahatma, 147 Gardam, Jane, 170 Gardner, John, 19, 20, 131 Garrett, George, 20 Gaskell, Elizabeth, 510, 517 Gay, John, 55 Geddes, James Young, 206 Geisel, Theodore, 162 Genesis, Selling England by the Pound album, 306 Genet, Jean, 333 genres, 54–63, 60–1, 137, 172, 388, 409, 520 developing process, 59–60 experimental writing and, 327–8, 329 film, 294–5 form and mode, 54–6 ‘formal innovation’ and, 102 influence and, 62 novel, 56–9 writers and, 61–3 George, Elizabeth, 19 German radio drama, 277 Germanic poetry, 312, 370 Germany, 231, 234, 465, 513 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com 540 ­Index Gernsback, Hugo, 60 Ghiselin, Brewster, 75 Gibbons, Stella, Cold Comfort Farm, 158 Gielgud, Val, 279 Gilliam, Terry, 255 Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, 191 Gilman, Richard, 260 Ginsberg, Allen, 207, 499 Gioia, Dana, 184 Goddard College, Plainfield, Vermont, 13 Godwin, William, Caleb Williams, 58, 59 Goff, Lyn M., 17 Goldman, William, 259, 460 Goldsmith, Kenneth, 214–15 Goodreads website, 415, 417 Google, 416, 422 Gorak, Jan, 151 Gordon, Mary, 110 Gornick, Vivian, 109 gothic novels, 57–9, 60, 344 Gower, John, 243 Grade, Lew, 463 grading, 29–30, 32, 33–4 Graff, Gerald, 81 Gramsci, Antonio, 80 grants, 500–2, 513, 515 Graves, Robert, 59, 373 Gray, Thomas, 208, 209 Greek literature, 244, 252, 368, 370, 375 Greek tragedy, 233, 234, 259–60 Green, Chris, 84 Green, Daniel, 44, 46 Greenberg, Richard, 264 Greenlaw, Lavinia, 442 Gregory Awards, 442, 444 Grenville, Kate, The Writing Book, 84–5 Griffiths, Trevor, The Party, 232 Grosz, Elizabeth, 338 Groundhog Day (1993), 256–7, 261 Guattari, Félix, 333 Guest, Barbara, 216 Guillory, John, 79, 80 Günderrode, Karoline von, 147–8 Guthrie, Tyrone, 258 Matrimonial News, 275 Haag, Judith, 299 Hachette, 516 Hacker, Marilyn, 246 Haddon, Mark, 118, 429–30 Haggard, Rider, 58 haiku, 188, 309, 418, 433 ‘Hallmarks’ series, 282–3, 284 Hammett, Dashiell, 192 Handke, Peter, Radio Play (No 1), 277 Hardwick, Professor Philip, 513 Hare, David, 232 Hargreaves, Professor Ian, 477, 479 Harper, Graeme, 14, 25, 33 Harrison, Tony, 229, 231, 233, 370 Harryman, Carla, 219–20 Harvard College, 43 Hawkes, John, 155 Hawkins, Harriet, 63 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 58 Hayder, Mo, 503–4 HBO (Home Box Office) network, 283, 284, 291 health care, 341, 342, 347 Heaney, Seamus, 189, 231, 233, 267, 269, 442 Hearn, Lian, 169 Heartfield, John, 218 Hecht, Anthony, 187, 229, 246 HEFCE (Higher Education Funding Council), 31, 33, 35 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 333 Heidegger, Martin, 80, 343 Heinlein, Robert A., 137, 139 Hejinian, Lyn, 220, 221, 333 Heller, Joseph, Catch-22, 156–7, 160 Hemingway, Ernest, 12, 32, 95, 106 ‘Hills Like White Elephants’, 97 on Huckleberry Finn, 137 Henley, W E., 202 Herbert, W N., 187 Herbert, Zbigniew, 195 hero quest (hero’s journey) genre, 63, 135, 136, 141, 294, 296–300; see also characterisation Hershman, Tania, 316, 318 Heyer, Georgette, 59 Hiassen, Carl, 131 Higgins, George V., 128 high mimetic, 140–1 Hinton, S E., 170 Hiroshima mon amour (1959), 253, 256 Hirshfield, Jane, 207 historical fiction, 146–53, 174 Hitchcock, Alfred, 56, 60, 246 Vertigo, 337 Hobsbaum, Philip, 200 Hocking, Amanda, 488 Høeg, Peter, 129 Hoggart, Richard, 344 Holland, Siobhan, 84 Hollywood, 454, 460 Homer, 155, 187, 370 homophonic translation, 221 Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 498 Horace, 55, 318 Horgan, Paul, 148 Hornby, Nick, 409 Houseman, A E., 55, 193 Howe, Susan, 51, 223 Howey, Hugh, 488 Hubbard, Susan, Lisa Maria’s Guide for the Perplexed, 158 Hughes, Langston, 51 Hughes, Ted, 231, 246, 370, 372, 443 Hugo, Victor, Les Misérables, 58 humorous fiction, 154–60 humour, 120 black, 370 in crime fiction, 131 flash fiction, 317 funny sounding words, 287 see also comedy; irony; satire Hunt, Celia, 75, 345 Hunt, Thomas H., 42 Hutcheon, Linda, 148 hybridised writing, 83, 331; see also creative–critical hybrids Hyem, Jill, Remember Me, 274 hypertext, 21, 520 Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), 358–9, 520 iambic pentameter, 188, 195, 199, 204–5, 310, 312, 313, 520 iambs, 200–1, 208, 310, 312–13, 520 Icelandic sagas, 370 IMPAC Dublin literary prize, 494, 499 In the Heat of the Night (1967), 253 inciting incident (Plot Point 1), 254–5 income surveys, 511–13; see also payments Indiana University, 15 inspiration, 67, 72, 75, 195–6, 353, 381 Instagram, 415 intentional fallacy, 72–3 intentional writing, 212–13 Internet, 520 book buying, 428, 514 copyright, 481 online publications, 357–8 poetry, 440 security, 421 writing for, 356–60, 411, 496 see also blogs intertextuality, 81, 335, 522 intuition, 85, 384, 387, 389 Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956), 261 Ionesco, Eugène, 261 Iowa State University, 13–14, 15 Iowa Writers’ Workshop, 12, 13, 15, 43, 521 irony, 120, 137, 140, 141, 156 Irving, John, 158 Irwin, John, 44 ISBN (International Standard Book Number), 486, 487, 491, 507, 521 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com ­541 Index Ishiguro, Kazuo, Never Let Me Go, 60–1 ‘issue’ books, 163, 170, 172–3; see also social issues ITV (Independent Television), 291, 292, 464 James, C L R., 96 James, Henry, 51, 148–9, 187, 344, 424 Jarnot, Lisa, 220 Jarrell, Randall, 152–3, 189, 230 Jeffries, Sheila, 488 Jeram, Anita, 164 Johns Hopkins University, 43–4 Johnson, B S., 118, 119 Johnson, Doug, ‘I Still Believe’, 307 Johnson, Dr, 189, 430 Johnson, Ronald, 223 Jones, David, 246 Jones, Gerry, Time After Time, 275 journalists/journalism, 11, 14, 38, 68, 83, 87, 98, 120, 127, 170, 176, 177, 279, 358, 401, 411, 412, 425, 427, 458, 497, 500 journals, 14, 79 Joyce, James, 69 Finnegans Wake, 48, 49, 214–15 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, 66, 67 short stories by, 95, 96, 103 Ulysses, 61, 141, 224 Jung, Carl, 224 Justice, Donald, 12 Kafka, Franz, 104, 365 Kane, Sarah, 266, 377 Blasted, 257 Kant, Immanuel, 155 Kavaler-Adler, Susan, 343 Kealey, Tom, 40 Keats, John, 185, 189, 342, 343 ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’, 309–10, 352 on translation, 373 Kelman, James, 104, 118 Kelsey, Linda, 410 Keret, Etgar, 316 Kerridge, Richard, 85–6 Kidder, Tracy, 179 Kierkegaard, Søren, 155 Kilian, Crawford, 137, 142 King, Stephen, 63 King James Bible, 371 Kingston University, 409 Kinsella, John, 342 Kiteley, Brian The River Gods, 149–50, 151, 152, 153 Still Life with Insects, 149 The A.M Epiphany, 152 Klabund (Alfred Henschke), 375 Klass, David, You Don’t Know Me, 174 Kleinzahler, August, 191 Kleist, Heinrich von, 147–8 Koch, Kenneth, 231 Krauth, Nigel, 88 Kretschmer, Professor Martin, 513 Kristeva, Julia, 80 Kroll, Jeri, 83 Kubrick, Stanley, 55–6 Kuhiwczak, Piotr, 372 La Tourette, Aileen, 508–9 Lacan, Jacques, 80 LaCapra, Dominick, 148 Lakoff, George, 17 Langland, William, 243 language characters and, 122 in experimental writing, 326, 328 in fantasy fiction, 135, 143–4 moral importance of, 143 poets and, 239–40 song lyrics, 305–7 Language poetry, 521 Language writing (poetic movement), 218–19, 220 LAPIDUS (Literary Arts and Personal Development), 343 Larkin, Philip, 191 Laux, Dorianne, 16, 17, 19 Lawrence, D H., 344 Lawson, Mark, 70, 234 Le Guin, Ursula K., 135 Lee, Harper, To Kill a Mockingbird, 169 LeLionnais, Franỗois, 213 Lenin, Vladimir, 80 Leonard, Elmore, 1289, 130, 131, 132, 403–4 Leonard, Tom, 207 Levi, Primo, 109 Lewis, C S., 59 Lewis, Matthew, The Monk, 58 LeWitt, Sol, 212–13, 215 libraries, 494, 495, 506, 511, 514 Lin, Tan, 220–1 Lindsay, Alison, 514 line-breaks, 194–5, 201–4, 207, 221, 307, 326, 334, 335, 336, 339, 342 Lingis, Alfonso, 338 ‘linguistic vitality’, 101–2 LinkedIn, 422 lipogram, 213, 220, 521 literacy, 223, 344 literary agents see agents literary competitions, 409, 422, 495; see also literary prizes literary festivals, 408, 497–8, 516 literary fiction, 123, 155, 157, 365, 424–9, 521 literary genres see genres literary magazines, 391–8, 433; see also magazines literary prizes, 24, 148, 172, 432, 442, 494–5, 499 literary studies, 42–51, 81 literary theory, 71–3, 81, 140–1, 331, 361 Liverpool John Moores University, 508 Lodge, David, 24, 102 Lodge, Thomas, 56, 375 logline, 294, 295, 298 London Book Fair, 424–5, 489 Longinus, ‘On Sublimity’, 47–8, 49 Lorca, Federico Garcia, Blood Wedding, 259, 260 low-residency courses, 13, 14, 21, 38, 521 Lowell, James Russell, 42 Lowell, Robert, 231 Lucas, George, 63, 293 Lukács, György, 234 Luxemburg, Rosa, 80 lyrical poetry, 236, 237, 238–9 MA in Creative Writing, 12–13, 24–35, 82, 191, 384–5, 388, 409 in Creative and Critical Writing, 45 Critical Theory for Creative Writers, 47–51 literary criticism, 361, 362, 363–6 poetry, 184 teachers, 503, 505, 507, 508 United States, 46 Mac Low, Jackson, 214, 215, 218 Macauley, Robie, 43 Macauley, Thomas Babington, 148 McBratney, Sam, 164 McCabe, Colin, 83 McCarthy, Cormac, 63, 128 McCarthy, Molly, 109 McClure, Michael, 207 McCracken, Scott, 71 Mace, Jane, 344 McEwan, Ian, 69 McGarry, Jean, 43–4 McKee, Robert, 252, 254, 257 McKenzie, Alecia, 100 McKuen, Rod, 306 MacLeish, Archibald, 231 McMurtry, Larry, 63 MacNeice, Louis, 193, 234, 246, 276 MacSweeney, Barry, 207 Madrid Protocol, 471 magazines, 412, 504 film trade, 456 flash fiction, 316 handling mail, 394–5 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com 542 ­Index magazines (cont.) literary, 391–8, 433 poetry, 435, 437, 441–2, 444 production, 395–7 titles, 396 magic, 56, 62, 142, 144, 154 magic realism, 96, 163, 521 Mahon, Derek, 231, 442 Mailer, Norman, 426 Makinson, John, 488 Malamud, Bernard, 98, 99 Mallarmé, Stéphane, 215 Mallock, H R., A Human Document, 223 Maloney, Shane, 131 Malouf, David, 497, 499 Mamet, David, 98, 231, 264 Man Booker Prize for Fiction, 24, 424, 439, 494, 521 Mandelstam, Osip, 346 Mann, Thomas, 132 Mansfield, Katherine, 95, 96, 105–6 Mao Zedong, 401 marketing, 280, 294, 301, 408–13, 428–9, 435, 447, 467, 514, 515 Markham, E A., 68–9, 363 marking procedures, 31–2 Marlowe, Christopher, 243 Martel, Yann, 123 Marvell, Andrew, 55 Marx, Karl, 49, 50, 80 materialism, 325 Maugham, W Somerset, 61 Maupassant, Guy de, 95 Maxwell, Glyn, 208, 231 Time’s Fool, 246 Mayakowsky, Vladimir, 370 measure, 221–2 meditative poetics, 329 Mee, Chuck, 266, 375 melodrama, 131, 142, 260 Melville, Herman, 58, 510, 516–17 Members Basic Agreement, 282, 290n Memento (2000), 255, 256 Memmott, Talan, 338 memoirs, 19, 59, 109–15, 151, 218, 521 Mencia, Maria, 338 Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 75 mesostics, 214, 215 metaphors, 325, 337–8 metawriting, 138–9 metre, 200–11, 221–6, 229, 309–11 Meyers, D G., 11 MFA (Master’s of Fine Arts), 13–14, 15, 20, 37–41, 44, 45, 82, 87, 386, 387, 521 microblogging, 415, 417, 418, 521 Middleton, Peter, 333–4 Miles, Robert, 80 Miles Franklin Award, 494 Miller, Arthur, 231 Milligan, Spike, 277 Mills, John, 253 Milton, John, 185, 191, 205, 219 Paradise Lost, 223, 243 mimetic, 140–1, 149 Minghella, Anthony, 258 Cigarettes and Chocolate, 258, 276 minimalism, 97, 214, 260–1, 519 Mitchell, Margaret, Gone With the Wind, 58 modern art, 65, 66, 70–1 modernism, 66, 67–8, 69, 72, 147, 188, 212, 325, 521; see also experimental writing modes, 55–6, 83; see also genres Molière, 233, 236, 264 montage, 218, 275; see also collage Montaigne, Michel de, 110, 216, 217 Moore, Marianne, 11, 37, 218 Moorhouse, Frank, The Coca Cola Kid, 495 moral rights, 471–2, 477, 480 morality, 68, 143, 155–6, 159–60, 173, 237, 283, 286 More, Sir Thomas, 135, 371 Morgan, Edwin, 191, 370 Morganstern, Christian, 221 Morris, Edmund, 150 Morrison, Blake, 233 Morrison, Toni, 61 Morton, Donald, 80, 81 Motion, Andrew, 246 Mottahedeh, Roy, 148 Movie of the Week (MOW), 288–9 Moxley, Joseph, 11 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 259 Muecke, Stephen, ‘The Fall’, 337–8 Muldoon, Paul, 231 multimedia, 338, 350, 353, 358 Munro, Alice, 74–5, 95 Murakami, Haruki, 95 murder see crime fiction Murdoch, Rupert, 432 Murray, Les, 245, 499 music, 265, 277–8, 305–14 musing, 78, 110–11, 113 Mutch, Barbara, 488 Myers, D G., 44, 79 myths, 57, 63, 116, 134, 135–6, 140, 236, 242, 243, 254–5, 296–7, 375 Nabokov, Vladimir, 154, 367 Narayan, R K., 106 narrative drive, 126 narrative voice children’s fiction, 163–4 creative nonfiction, 177 crime fiction, 130 dual, 127 FID (free indirect discourse), 130, 520 first-person, 117–18, 130, 173–4, 177, 192, 220, 320–1, 332–3, 450, 519–20 flash fiction, 320–1 historical fiction, 174 memoirs, 112–13, 114 multiple, 99, 174, 450 in novels, 117–20 second-person, 118–19, 130 the storyteller, 120 teenage fiction, 173–4 third-person, 118, 119–20, 130, 164, 173, 174, 450, 523 National Book Award, 432 National Book Critics Circle Award, 432 National Book Day, 506 National Curriculum, 162 National Reading Strategy, 163 National Theatre, 232, 370 naturalism, 95, 96, 325, 521 NBA (Net Book Agreement), 513 Nettleback, Amanda, 331 networking, 417, 421–2, 456, 523 New Criticism, 43, 72, 83, 84, 519, 522 New Humanities, 78, 81, 83, 84, 86, 88 New Media, 338, 359 new poetries, 211–26; see also poetry Newbery, Linda, 173 Newman, Barnett, 401 newspapers, 428, 495 NHS (National Health Service), 347 Nicholson, John, 233 Nielsen BookScan, 510 Nobel Prize for Literature, 244 Nolan, Christopher, 255, 256 non-fiction, 15, 416–17, 430n; see also creative non-fiction non-intentional writing, 213–15; see also automatic writing Nordan, Lewis, 158, 160 The North magazine, 442 nostalgia, 244 notebook-keeping, 27 notes, 35, 122, 319–20, 333, 336 Notley, Alice, 192, 222 novella form, 126, 245 novel(s), 244 adaptations, 511 agents and, 446–52 characterisation in, 120–2, 345 crime fiction, 126–32 defined, 56 dialogue in, 331 exercises, 118–19, 120, 122, 123, 124 flash fiction and, 322 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com ­543 Index genre in, 56–9 history of, 328 narrative voice in, 117–20 plots, 122–3 poetry and, 245–6 publishing, 424–30 and radio drama, 274–5 setting in, 121, 122 starting a, 116–17 structure, 123–4 subject matter and theme, 117 titles, 409–10 nursery rhymes, 311, 313 Nussbaum, Martha, 147 Objectivist poets, 219 O’Brien, Sean, 347 O’Connor, Flannery, 19, 37, 347 O’Hara, Frank, 185–6, 207 Olivier, Laurence, 232 Olnek, Madeleine, 264, 269 Olson, Charles, 51, 208 one-hour drama (television), 283–6 one-to-one tutorials, 26, 30, 32, 364, 522 opening paragraphs crime fiction, 127, 129 editors and, 425 flash fiction, 318 historical fiction, 151–2 memoirs, 111 novels, 119, 449 science fiction and fantasy, 143 short stories, 97–9 Oppen, George, 219 option payments, 457 Orczy, Baroness, The Scarlet Pimpernel, 58 organical/mechanical art, 212 originality, 48–9, 137, 211, 316, 321, 343, 368, 375, 455, 464 Orwell, George, 55, 68–9, 69, 135, 292, 345, 401, 406 Keep the Aspidistra Flying, 345 Nineteen Eighty-Four, 141 reasons for writing, 68, 401, 406 style rules, 406 Osborne, John, 232, 234 Ostrom, Hans, 11, 20 ottava rima, 371 Oulipo (Workshop for Potential Literature), 152, 213, 522 outlines, 138, 149, 164, 168, 253–4, 257, 280, 289, 476 outreach workers, 349–52 Ovid, 372 pace, 105, 320, 403 PACT (Producers’ Association for Cinema and Television), 456, 464, 465 page layout, 222–3, 293–4, 333 pamphlets, 360, 442 pantomimes, 254 parataxis, 219–20 Parker, Dorothy, ‘Mr Durant’, 159–60 parody, 57, 137, 205 pastiche, 51, 205, 478 pastoral genre, 55 Paterson, Don, 191, 343 Paterson, Katherine, 170 ‘pathetic fallacy’, 343 patronage, 500–1 Paulin, Tom, 189, 231, 233 payments, 511–14 advances, 427, 428, 451–2, 510, 511 online, 360 playwrights, 466 radio drama, 469 repeat fees, 504 scriptwriting, 457–8, 464 self-publishing, 490 Paz, Octavio, 367, 369 Peake, Mervyn, 169 Pearson, 488 pedagogy, 14–21, 43, 47–51, 78, 81, 83–5, 361, 363, 522 peer review, 14, 28, 30–1, 522; see also workshops Penguin, 488, 514 pentameter, 204, 207, 208, 209, 310, 313; see also iambic pentameter Pepys, Samuel, 418 Perec, Georges, 213 Perelman, Bob, 333 performance poetry, 307, 334–5 Perlman, Elliot, 495 Perloff, Marjorie, 80, 83 permissions, 478–80 persistence, 132, 429–30, 433, 451, 495 Peterloo Poets, 439 Petrarchan sonnets, 371 Peyton, K M., 169 PhD in Creative Writing, 13, 82, 87–8, 383–90, 508–9 Phillips, Tom, A Humument, 223 philology, 42–3 philosophy, 45, 242, 331, 337, 343 Picasso, Pablo, 12, 402 picture books, 164–6 Pilinszky, Janos, 372 Pinter, Harold, 103, 232, 233, 235, 236, 261, 264 The Dumb Waiter, 253 A Slight Ache, 278 Pinterest boards, 415, 417, 419 piracy, 440 Pirandello, Luigi, 96, 103 pitching, 138, 404, 450, 455, 456, 522 plagiarism, 34, 137, 216–17, 477, 496, 522 Plath, Sylvia, 169, 187, 343 Plato, 155, 186, 342 playwrights, 231, 263–71 agents and, 466–8 collaboration, 271, 374–82 experiencing theatre, 263–4, 267 and language, 232–3 plots, 426 Aristotelian elements of, 96, 100, 265 basic types, 123 ‘beginnings’, 254–5 children’s fiction, 167 crime fiction, 129 ‘ends’, 256–7 humorous fiction, 159–60 logline, 294, 295, 298 ‘middles’, 255–6 novels, 122–3 one-hour drama, 283–4 plays, 265, 376–7 primacy of, 55 ‘rags to riches’, 59, 123 science fiction/fantasy, 136, 139, 142–4 sitcom, 287–8 Plutarch, 375 POD (Print on Demand) technology, 487, 490–1, 523 Poe, Edgar Allan, 58, 128 poem-essays, 333–6, 339 poem sequence, 239–43, 245, 246 poetics, 27, 84, 216, 220, 239–40, 246, 329, 434 Poetics (Aristotle), 48–9, 55, 96, 100, 185, 186, 254, 257–8, 264–6 poetry, 16, 62, 66, 70, 190, 191–3, 196, 342–3 American publishers of, 432–8 analysing, 188–9 artifice in, 219 audience, 191 competitions, 434, 437 courses, 442 critical writing, 188–9 dialect, 370 dramatic, 229–35, 236, 243 experimental, 327 festivals, 497 form, 187–8, 191, 199–210 genres, 55, 59 line-breaks, 194–5 long poems, 220, 237, 243–6, 335 ‘lost in translation’, 314, 367 as MA thesis, 12 manuscripts, 443–4, 444–5 microblogging and, 418 new, 211–26 prizes, 439, 442, 444 prose, 195, 221, 237, 317, 328–9 readings, 189–90, 442–3 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com 544 ­Index poetry (cont.) restorations, 193–4 reviews, 499 revisions, 193 sequence, 239–43, 245, 246 slams, 307 and song lyrics, 305–14 status, 184–5 submissions to literary magazines, 394–5 translatability of, 146 translation and, 369–70, 371, 372 in the UK, 439–45 as vocation, 183–4 Poetry Book Society, 439, 442 Poetry Library, London, 442 The Poetry Society, 442 Poets & Writers Magazine, 437 point-of-view, 63, 73, 99, 117, 118, 119–20, 123, 130, 143, 164, 177, 178, 345, 410, 426, 427, 496, 522, 523 Poitier, Sidney, 253 politics, 68–70, 78, 81, 82, 84, 86, 122, 137, 138, 150, 158, 185, 218–19, 232, 233, 274, 331, 332–3, 344–5, 345, 401, 437–8 polyphonic writing, 261, 324, 334 polyvocality, 218 Ponge, Francis, 195 Pope, Alexander, 51, 55, 219 Essay on Criticism, 222–3 The Rape of the Lock, 244 portals, 38, 358 Porter, Peter, 196, 499 portfolios of work, 18, 21, 25, 28, 34, 411, 455, 522 post-avant poetry, 211 post-Theory criticism, 81–4, 85, 86 postcolonial theory, 44 postgraduate courses in creative writing, 189, 190 academic research, 78–9, 82 corporate university, 85–7 critical theory and creative writing in, 42–52 fictocriticism, 332–3 handbooks compared, 84–5 history of, 11–15, 43–4 pedagogy, 15–21, 43, 78, 81, 83–5 poetry, 437, 444 post-Theory criticism in, 81–4, 85, 86 vocational institutions, 82–3 see also MA in Creative Writing; PhD in Creative Writing postmodernism, 62, 73, 81, 361, 522 poststructuralism, 33, 84, 326, 333, 522–3 potential literature, 213 Pound, Ezra, 12, 51, 59, 188, 189, 215–16, 306, 343 The Cantos, 211, 214, 220 translations, 369, 371–2 Powell, Neil, 232 Powling, Chris, 171 Practical Criticism, 72, 82, 522; see also New Criticism ‘pre-emptive bids’, 450–1 précis, 27, 269 premise, 283, 287–8, 294, 297, 404, 405, 448 price discounting, 429, 430n, 446–7, 487, 514 prizes see literary prizes procedural memory, 17–18 procedural writing, 328, 330 professionalism, 421–2, 513 promotion, 410–11, 416–17, 422, 429, 442–3 proofreading, 28, 397, 430, 435 propaganda, 68, 191 prose poetry, 195, 221, 317, 328–9 prosody, 202, 221, 222–3 Proulx, Annie, 119 psychoanalysis, 151, 343 Public Lending Right, 494, 511 publication rights, 360, 448, 467, 468, 469 publicity, 411, 412, 424 ‘publishability’, 388–9 publishers/publishing, 21, 402, 407–8, 413, 421, 437 and agents, 446 ‘Author Publicity Form’, 412 changes in, 513–14 covering letter to, 362, 408, 410, 425, 436, 444, 448 fiction, 424–30 major mainstream, 432, 447, 488, 513 poetry, 432–45 and rights reversion, 516 state of, 446–7 teenage fiction and, 170, 175 uncertainty of, 424 writers and, 410, 412, 429–30 Pulitzer Prize, 148, 179, 432, 494 Pullman, Philip, 162, 169 punctuation, 28, 29, 30, 35, 118, 203, 207, 217, 218, 222, 298, 344, 372, 435, 445 Pushkin, Alexander, 245, 246 Eugene Onegin, 244, 367 Pynchon, Thomas, 62 pyrrhics, 208, 310, 311 QAA (Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education), 21, 26, 31–2, 33, 35, 523 Quarracino, Andrea, 13 Queneau, Raymond, 213 quotation marks, 35, 217, 218, 222, 298 Radavich, David, 45 Radcliffe, Ann, The Mysteries of Udolpho, 58 radio drama, 252, 253, 258, 259, 273–81, 292, 327, 350, 468–9, 504 radio serialisation, 428 Raine, Craig, 246 Ramey, Lauri, 75 Rankin, Ian, 128 Raphael, Frederic, 104 Rattigan, Terence, 232, 234 Ravenhill, Mark, 377 Raworth, Tom, 216 Raymond, Derek, 403 re-writing, 4–5, 253, 258, 300–1, 350, 379 reader-response theory, 81, 84 reading, 16 benefits of, 342 flash fiction, 316–17 to improve writing, 124, 403–4, 430 lists, 362 MFA courses, 39 plays, 267–8, 269, 270–1 poetry, 189–90, 200 science fiction, 138 screenplays, 293, 403, 404 student work and, 18–19, 26 submissions by editors, 425–6 and translation, 369 Reading, Peter, 246 reading public, 363, 408–9, 413, 514 book choice, 410, 425 decline in, 21, 498 expectation, 102 poetry, 184, 209, 219 social media and, 420–1 see also audiences readings, 189–90, 442–3, 497–8 Reagan, Ronald, 150 realism, 57, 59–60, 325, 345 reality series, 289 Reaves, Sam, A Long Cold Fall, 127 Rees-Jones, Deryn, Quiver, 245 Reeve, Clara, 57 Reeve, Gillian, At the Gellert, 273–4 Reid, Ian, 83 rejections, 408, 426, 433, 436, 441, 495 Remarque, Erich Maria, 169 reminiscence projects, 350–1 repetition, 165, 187, 220–1, 308–9, 343, 345, 372, 402 research crime fiction, 132 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com ­545 Index doctorate in creative writing, 388 fictocriticism, 337 historical novels, 122, 149, 150 playwrights and, 267 science fiction and fantasy, 138 screenwriters, 294 self-publishing market, 492 short stories, 104 residentials, 25, 349, 442, 505, 523 retrospection, 110, 112–13 reviews, 362, 417, 424, 427, 429, 498–500 revisions, 381, 429 poetry, 193, 437 scriptwriting, 464 short stories, 96–7, 99–100, 101–2, 104–5, 106–7 suggested by agents, 449 rhetorical devices, 187, 207, 219, 222, 238, 335, 342 Rhodes, Dan, 316 rhyme, 165, 187, 202, 206, 209, 235, 244, 306, 308, 311, 314, 370–1 Rhys, Jean, 95, 100 rhythm, 187, 200, 201, 202, 238, 245, 246, 257, 265, 287, 306, 309–11, 314, 335; see also metre Rice, Anne, 63 Rich, Adrienne, 51 ‘Twenty-One Love Poems’, 242–3 Richard & Judy book club, 429, 523 Richardson, Samuel, Pamela, 57, 59 Rickman, Alan, 255 Ridpath, Michael, 409 Rieu, E V., 370 rights reversion, 516 Rilke, Rainer Maria, 183–4 Rimbaud, Arthur, 195, 211, 216, 217, 499 Rishel, Mary Ann, 155 Ritter, Kelly, 82, 87 Roberts, Mary Hoover, 12 Robinson, Smokey, ‘My Girl’, 306 Roediger III, Henry L., 17 Rogers, Jane, Promised Lands, 122 romance, 55, 57–8, 59–60, 140 Romantic myth, 15, 16 Romanticism, 66–7, 67, 68, 72, 75, 188, 244, 326, 343, 523 Roth, Philip, 37 American Pastoral, 120 Rotterdam Poetry Festival, 497 Roubaud, Jacques, 213 Rowling, J K., 62, 162, 163 Roy, Arundhati, The God of Small Things, 163 Royal Court Theatre, 234 Royal Literary Fund, 515 royalties, 466, 490, 495, 511 Royster, Brent, 15–16 Rushdie, Salman, 146, 148, 497 Satanic Verses, 34 Ruskin, John, 343 Russo, Richard, 158 Rutherford, Jonathan, 86 Ryman, Geoff, 62 Sage, Lorna, 114 Saki, 104 Salinger, J D The Catcher in the Rye, 169, 173 short stories, 95 Salt Books, 439 Saltzman, Arthur, 20 Sampson, Fiona, 75, 345 The Distance Between Us, 245–6 Sanders, Barry, 155 Santiago, Esmeralda, 111–12 Sappho, 47–8, 49 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 65 satire, 55–6, 140–1, 155, 159, 244, 370 Scalapino, Leslie, 222 Scarry, Elaine, 16 scenes, 253–4, 299–300, 301, 405 ‘go in late, get out early’ advice on, 259, 318–19, 405 speechless, 258 writing exercises, 269–70 Schaverein, Joy, 343 Schiller, Friedrich, 234 science, 17, 20, 59, 66, 87, 324–5 science fiction genre, 60–1, 62–3, 134–45 Scott, Manda, 193 Scott, Sir Walter, 58, 147, 148 Scott of the Antarctic (1948), 253 Scottish literature, 370 screenplays, 63, 129, 293–301, 388, 403, 404, 454 screenwriting software, 288, 298–9 scriptwriting agents, 460–9 calling-card scripts, 455 for film, 252–3, 293–301, 454 introduction to, 251–62 payments, 457–8, 464 for radio, 252, 253, 258, 259, 273–81, 468–9, 504 for the stage, 263–71, 462 for television, 282–92, 404, 454, 455 Scupham, Peter, ‘The Hinterland’, 241–2 Seattle Pacific University, 13 Sebba, Anne, 408 Second Life (online game), 416 Second World War, 96 self, 245, 325–6, 341, 342, 344, 347, 522 self-assessment, 31, 39 self-publishing, 356, 360, 409, 412–13, 416, 437, 440–1, 486–93, 514 self-reflexivity, 46, 51, 78–9, 85, 87, 389 Selig, Paul, 263 Sellers, Heather, 19 Seltzer, Gemma, 319, 322 Seneca, 372 sentimentality, 20, 102, 106, 132, 342 sequence, 239–43, 245, 246 serendipity, 403 serial rights, 435 sestina, 188, 213 Seth, Vikram, The Golden Gate, 245 setting crime fiction, 128–9 film, 301 humorous fiction, 158–9 science fiction and fantasy, 141 sex, 56, 129, 135, 170, 172, 286 ‘Sex in the City’ television series, 282 Shackleton, Sir Ernest, 109 Shakar, Alex, 44 Shakespeare, William, 58, 191, 205, 236, 243, 264, 498 As You Like It, 56 Hamlet, 61, 189–90, 255–6, 376, 377 Henry V, 234–5, 404 ironic endings, 371 King Lear, 49–50, 229, 230, 251, 255, 256, 257, 259 Macbeth, 252, 255, 256 Oedipus Rex, 377 Othello, 229, 378 sonnets, 55, 221, 371 sources for, 375 The Tempest, 404 verse drama model, 233–4 Shapcott, Jo, ‘Mad Cow’, 202–3, 204 Shapiro, Karl, 43 Shaw, George Bernard, 61, 501 Sheffield Hallam University, 361, 363, 503 Shelley, Mary, Frankenstein, 59, 60 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 59, 66, 185 ‘Ode to the West Wind’, 308 Shelnutt, Eve, 80 Shepard, Sam, 264, 381 Shepherd, Lloyd, 510 short stories, 58, 63, 95–107, 347 for children, 163 collections of, 106–7 dialogue in, 103 exercises, 99, 103–4 experimental writing and, 327 festivals, 497 forums and, 419 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com 546 ­Index short stories (cont.) microblogging, 418 opening paragraphs of, 97–9 pace and tone in, 105–6 prizes, 495 and radio drama, 274 reading lists, 95, 107 revision of, 96–7, 99–100, 101–2, 104–5, 106–7 structure and form in, 100–1 see also flash fiction Showtime network, 284 Shulman, Lee, 18 Sidney, Sir Philip, 56, 186, 189 Silliman, Ron, 219, 333 Simic, Charles, 192 Simon, Neil, 464 Simon & Schuster (publishers), 488 Simpson, Louis, 191 Sinatra, Frank, 177 Singer, Bashevis, 403 situation comedy, 286–8; see also television sluglines, 300 slush pile, 394, 463, 488, 523 Smiley, Jane, 18–19, 37 Smith, Dick King, 167 Smith, Dodie, 169 Smith, Hazel, 84–5, 337, 338 Smith, Zadie, 69 Smith Doorstop pamphlet series, 442 soap operas, 289, 454, 463 social care, 342, 347 social issues, 163, 170, 172–3, 325, 333 social media, 18, 356, 357, 359, 408, 409, 411, 414–23, 515, 523 social networking, 417, 421–2, 523 social realism, 234 socialism, 68, 344 Society of Authors, 511–12, 513, 515 Socrates, 186 software, 288, 298–9, 395 soliloquys, 50, 252, 259 Solow, Herbert F., 54 song lyrics, 305–14 sonnets, 55, 56, 213, 221, 241, 371 Sontag, Susan, ‘Notes on Camp’, 333 Sophocles, 55, 233 soul search, 138 Soutar, William, 205 Soyinka, Wole, 346 Spanish ‘picaresque’, 56–7 Spark, Muriel, 75 spectacle, 265–6, 375 speculation scripts, 282, 283–90, 455 Spencer, Herbert, 155 Spicer, Jack, 213, 215 Spinoza, Baruch, 331 spondees, 310, 311 Stanford University, 42, 43 Stanislavsky, Constantin, 102 Steam website, 415 Steely Dan, ‘Home at Last’, 306 Stegner, Wallace, 12 Stein, Gertrude, 12, 51, 220, 326, 521 Sterne, Laurence, 61 Stevens, Wallace, 12, 38, 149, 189 ‘Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird’, 240–1, 242 Stevenson, Robert Louis, 202, 204 Stoppard, Tom, 232, 264, 267 If You’re Glad I’ll Be Frank, 276–7 ‘M’ is for Moon Among Other Things, 276 story books for children, 166–8; see also children’s fiction story events, 252–4, 256, 257, 259 storylines, 283, 285, 289, 317, 318, 375–6; see also plots storytelling, 59, 282, 284, 285, 317, 327, 330, 375, 449–50 stream-of-consciousness writing, 214–15, 275 stress patterns, 200–1, 221, 311–13 structuralism, 81, 522 structure creative nonfiction, 179 crime fiction, 129 five-point, 124 grammatical, 307 novels, 123–4 plays, 271, 284 poetry, 241 repetition and, 220 short stories, 100–1 sitcoms, 287–8 Three-Act, 297–8 students, 25 choosing a course, 25–6, 38, 39–41 FAQ, 25–6 formative/summative assessment by, 30–1 funding, 41 style, 365, 406, 426 creative nonfiction, 178 crime fiction, 131–2 poetic, 194 science fiction and fantasy, 143 subjectivity, 73–5, 148, 177–8, 326, 341, 343 sublime, 47–8, 84, 221 submissions, 410, 495 agents and, 449, 450 for anthologies, 496 blogs and, 418 editors and, 424–5, 426, 427 etiquette of, 410, 436, 441 length of (PhD), 387, 388 literary agents and, 427, 462 to literary competitions, 495 to literary magazines, 394–5, 436 poetry, 434–5, 436, 441–2, 444 slush pile, 394, 463, 488, 523 unsolicited, 394, 409, 410, 425, 429, 441, 444, 454 summary techniques, 111–12, 115 summative assessment, 18, 30–1, 39, 523; see also grading supplementary discourses see critical commentary surrealism, 96, 156, 160, 213 suspense, 130–1, 178 Sutcliff, Rosemary, 351 Sweden, 465 Swift, Jonathan, 135 Swindells, Robert, 163, 174 symbolism, 96, 144, 325, 326 synopsis, 27, 288, 296, 319, 362, 448 syntax, 29–30, 202, 203, 207, 214, 216, 218–21, 223, 246, 334, 521 T S Eliot Prize, 439 Tagg, John, 232 Talese, Gay, 177 Tannahill, Robert, 205 Taylor, Mark L., 20 teachers, 11, 13, 18, 21, 24, 88, 363, 501–9 teenage fiction, 163, 169–75, 344 teenage readers, 21, 170–1, 172, 174–5 television book clubs, 429, 447 daytime, 289, 409, 410 drama, 282–92, 404 international, 465 literary agents, 463–6 Oprah Winfrey Show, 365 payments, 464 radio plays picked up by, 469 rights, 448 scriptwriting for, 282–92, 404, 454, 455, 463–6 situation comedy, 286–8 US-UK differences, 291–2 ‘television novels’, 62 Television Rating Code, 283 Tell the Tale group, 350–1 10 Rillington Place (1971), 261 Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, ‘In Memoriam’, 306 tenure, 13, 19, 386, 515, 523 tetrameter, 208, 209, 311, 313 TEXT (AAWP electronic journal), 79, 86, 88 Thackeray, Anne, 148–9 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com ­547 Index Thackeray, William Makepeace, 498 theatre collaborative, 374–82 contracts, 466–7 international, 467–8 literary agents, 466–8 in United States, 263–4, 271, 466–7 verse drama, 229–35, 236, 243 writing for, 263–71, 462 Thelma and Louise (1991), 256 Theocritus, 55 therapy, writing as, 341–7 third-person narrative, 118, 119–20, 130, 164, 173, 174, 450, 523 Thomas, Calvin, 42 Thomas, Dylan, 12 Thomas, Edward, 186 Thompson, Flora, 351 Three-Act Structure, 297–8 thrillers, 58, 60, 126, 129, 252, 255, 294, 503; see also crime fiction Toklas, Alice B., 12 Tolkien, J R R., 135, 136, 137, 140, 143, 144 Tolstoy, Leo, 32 Anna Karenina, 130 War and Peace, 58 What is Art?, 70 tone, 105–6, 114, 193 tragedy, 55, 96, 100, 233, 234, 257–8, 259–60 translation assessment of, 372–3 creative writing and, 367–73 experimental writing, 328 homophonic, 221 mistranslation, 371–2, 373 rights, 448 variations, 369 Translation Studies, 368 Tranter, John, 499 treatments, 294, 298, 404–5, 456; see also synopsis trochees, 199, 200, 201, 208, 310 truth, 68–9, 325, 326, 438 emotional, 101, 102 in historical fiction, 150, 151 in memoirs, 110 in novels, 147 in poetry, 185 Tumblr, 415, 419 turnaround provisions, 457–8 Turnbull, Ann, No Shame, No Fear, 172 Turner, Barry, 430 Turret Books, 442 tutor-writers, 11, 13, 18, 21, 24, 363, 503–9 Twain, Mark, ‘The Grateful Poodle’, 159 12 Angry Men (1957), 253 Twitter, 356, 357, 409, 411, 415, 417, 418, 420, 422, 515 Tyndale, William, 371 union agreements, 464, 466 United Kingdom assignments and licences, 481 book publishing in, 446–7 changing publishing industry in, 513–14 copyright in, 470, 471, 475, 476, 479, 482 creative writing academic research in, 79, 82–3 Fair Dealing in, 477–8 income surveys in, 512, 513 institutional assessment in, 21 literary agents in, 462 MA in Creative Writing in, 24–35, 44, 46, 384–5 PhD in Creative Writing, 385–6, 387 poetry publishing in, 439–45 teenage fiction in, 169–70 television in, 291–2 university creative writing courses in, 13, 14 United States assignments and licences in, 480 candidates for teaching creative writing in, 434 copyright in, 470, 471–3, 475, 478, 481, 482, 483n creative writing academic research in, 79 Fair Use in, 477 film agents in, 454 income survey in, 511–12 institutional assessment in, 20–1 MFAs in, 37–41, 44, 45, 87, 386, 387 PhD in Creative Writing in, 88, 385–6, 387 poetry publishing in, 432–8 self-publishing in, 487, 488 television in, 291, 465–6 theatre in, 263–4, 271, 466–7 university creative writing courses in, 11–13, 43, 46 young adult fiction in, 169, 170 universities Australia, 82, 83, 86–7, 88 corporate, 85–7 Sheffield Hallam, 361, 363, 503 United States, 11–13, 42, 43–4, 46 University of Alaska Anchorage, 14 University of Bath Spa, 503 University of Bournemouth, 513 University of British Columbia Okanagan, 46 University of Cardiff, 15, 16 University of Denver, 43 University of Illinois, 44 University of Iowa, 12–13, 15, 42, 43 University of Kingston, 409 University of Luton, 46 University of Manchester, 505 University of Sussex, 45 University of Utah, 14 university presses, 432–3 unsolicited submissions, 394, 409, 410, 425, 429, 441, 444, 454 Updike, John, 102 Rabbit Run, 119 vanity publishing, 440–1, 486–7, 489 verse drama, 229–35, 236, 243 Victor, Ed, 488 Vidal, Gore, 403 Virgil, 55 virtual worlds, 416 vocabulary, 215–17, 220 vocationalism, 86 Vogler, Christopher, 63, 297 voice, 29, 34, 50, 72, 80, 84, 130, 163–4, 523; see also narrative voice Vollmann, William, 150 Voltaire, 55 Vonnegut, Kurt, 135, 155 Walcott, Derek, ‘The Schooner Flight’, 244–5 Walpole, Horace, The Castle of Otranto, 57 Walsh, Jill Paton, 170 Wandor, Michelene, 189, 190 Wang Wei, 369 Warhol, Andy, 375 Warren, Austen, 56 Watkins, William, 338 Watt, Ian, 57, 147 Watten, Barrett, 336 Waugh, Evelyn, Scoop, 158 Webb, Jen, 86 websites, 27, 358, 414, 415, 421, 442, 447, 461; see also Internet Webster, John, 236, 243 Weinberger, Eliot, 369 Weiner, Hannah, 213 Wellek, René, 56 Wellman, Mac, 266 Wells, H G., 60 Welsh, Irvine, 59 Wendell, Barrett, 43 Wesker, Arnold, 232 Wharton, Edith, 424 Whitbread Prize, 494 White, Hayden, 148 Whitman, Walt, 202, 206–7 Whyman, Matt, 174 www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com uploaded by [stormrg] 548 ­Index Wilbur, Richard, 231 Wilcox, James, 158 Wilde, Oscar, 146 The Importance of Being Earnest, 237 William the Conqueror, 311–12 Williams, Jeffrey, 82 Williams, Raymond, 344 Williams, Walter Jon, 137 Williams, William Carlos, 12, 38, 149–50, 207, 215 Willis, Bruce, 255 Wilson, Erin Cressida, 264 Wimsatt Jr., W K R., 72 Winfrey, Oprah, 365 Wolf, Christa, 147–8 Wolfe, Tom, 177 Wolff, Tobias, 96 Woolf, Virginia, 61, 66, 75, 109, 184, 266–7 Mrs Dalloway, 104 To the Lighthouse, 116 WordPress.com, 415, 419, 524 Wordsworth, William, 32, 185, 191, 231 ‘common life’, 216 Lyrical Ballads, 59, 189, 215 on metre, 201 The Prelude, 244 use of iambic pentameter, 204–5 workshops, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 24, 84, 85, 506, 515, 523 Alex Shakar on, 44 assessment and, 27–8, 31, 32 author profile, 411 community groups, 351–5 creative nonfiction, 176–80 critiques of, 80–1, 83 Engle model, 12–13, 14–15 literary criticism in, 361–2 poetry, 190, 191 summer, 13, 15 World of Warcraft (online game), 416 Wouk, Herman, 58–9 writers, 401–6 as artists, 65–76 challenge of the ‘blank page’, 326–7 commissions, 404 ‘death of the author’, 5, 71, 72, 73, 81, 361 defining success as a, 144–5 and editors, 424–7, 428 genres and, 61–3 ‘giving up the day job’, 409, 449, 515–17 increasing profile of, 410–11, 415 ‘indie’, 487–9, 492–3 journalism, 500 persistence, 132, 429–30, 433, 451 presentation, 407–13 publishers and, 410, 412, 429–30 and reading public, 363, 408–9, 413, 514 reviewing, 499–500 rules for, 403–6 supplementary income, 11–12, 38, 409, 499, 512, 515–16 support and advice, 419 time management, 422–3 track record, 425 using own experience, 345–6 see also agents; marketing; payments; publishers/ publishing; reading public; self-publishing Writers’ & Artists’ Yearbook, 166, 430, 444, 461, 524 writer’s block, 16, 33, 516 Writers’ Guild of America, 282, 290n Writers’ Guild of Great Britain, 464 The Writer’s Handbook (ed Turner), 430 writers in residence, 504, 505, 508 Writers Workshop (Iowa University), 12–13 Yahoo Group, 416 Yasumoto, Yasuhiro, 344 Yeats, W B., 213, 231, 238 ‘After Long Silence’, 305–6, 310 A Vision, 220 Young, Edward, ‘Conjectures on Original Composition’, 49, 50 young adult fiction see teenage fiction Yourcenar, Marguerite, 148 YouTube, 415 Zamyatin, Yevgeny, 135 Zavarzadeh, Mas’ud, 80, 81 Zola, Émile, 325 Zukofsky, Louis, 219, 221 Zvyagintsev, Andrei, 252–3 www.Ebook777.com