Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả một hành động đã xảy ra trước một hành động khác hoặc một thời điểm khác trong quá khứ:.. We had had lunch when she arrived.[r]
(1)(2)(3)(4)WEEK 1
POLLUTION
A THEORY: LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE
PRONUNCIATION ❶
Stress in words ending in –ic and –al (Trọng âm từ có –ic và –al) - Các từ có –ic ln có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết trước
Word ending in -ic Transcriptio
n
artistic /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/
elastic /ɪˈlæstɪk/
electronic /ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/
specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/
scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/
– Các từ có đuôi –al không thay đổi trọng âm so với từ gốc Root word Transcriptio
n Word ending in -at Transcription
music /'mjuːzɪk/ musical /'mjuːzɪkəl/
logic /ˈlɒdʒɪk/ logical /ˈlɒdʒɪkəl/
nation /ˈneɪʃən/ national /ˈneɪʃənəl/
chemistry /'kemɪstri/ chemical /'kemɪkəl/
practice /'præktɪs/ practical /'præktɪkəl/
VOCABULARY❷
ENGLISH TYPE PRONUNCIATION VIETNAMESE
acid rain n /æsɪd reɪn/ mưa axit
advertising billboard n /ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ ˈbɪlbɔːd/ biển quảng cảo
affect v /əˈfekt/ gây ảnh hưởng
air pollution n /eər pəˈluːʃn/ ô nhiễm không khí
almost adv /ˈɔːlməʊst/ hầu như
aquatic adj /əˈkwætɪk/ sống nước
atmosphere n /ˈætməsfɪər/ bầu khơng khí
behaviour n /bɪˈheɪvjər/ hành vi
(5)believe v /bɪˈliːv/ tin tưởng
birth defect n /bɜːθ ˈdiːfekt/ khuyết tật bẩm sinh blood pressure n /blʌd ˈpreʃər/ huyết áp
breathing problem n /ˈbriːðɪŋ ˈprɒbləm/ vấn đề thở
change v /tʃeɪndʒ/ thay đổi, thay đổi
chemical adj /ˈkemɪkəl/ thuộc hóa học
come up with v /kʌm ʌp wɪð/ nghĩ ra
complain v /kəmˈpleɪn/ phàn nàn
contain v /kənˈteɪn/ chứa đựng
contaminant n /kənˈtỉmɪnənt/ chất gây nhiễm contamination n /kəntỉmɪˈneɪʃn/ sự nhiễm
continue v /kənˈtɪnjuː/ tiếp tục
damage v, n /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ phả hủy, phá hoại, tổn thất
dead n /ded/ chết
decrease v /dɪˈkriːs/ làm giảm
die v /daɪ/ chết
dirty adj /ˈdɜːti/ bẩn thỉu
discharge v, n /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ sự dỡ hàng, tháo ra
disease n /dɪˈziːz/ bệnh tật
dramatic adj /drəˈmætɪk/ nghiêm trọng
dump v /dʌmp/ đổ, vứt bỏ
dust n /dʌst/ bụi
earth’s surface n /ɜːθ ˈsɜːfɪs/ bề mặt trái đất environmental adj /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəl/ thuộc môi trường
expose v /ɪkˈspəʊz/ tiếp xúc
factory n /ˈfæktəri/ nhà máy
float v /fləʊt/ nổi
fume n /fjuːm/ khói thải
gas n /ɡỉs/ khí, dầu xăng
give presentation v /ɡɪv prezənˈteɪʃən/ thuyết trình
global warming n /ˈɡləʊbəl ˈwɔːmɪŋ/ sự nóng lên tồn cầu ground water n /ɡraʊnd ˈwɔːtər/ nước ngầm
(6)hearing loss n /ˈhɪərɪŋ lɒs/ sự khả nghe
herbicide n /ˈhɜːbɪsaɪd/ thuốc diệt cỏ
home village n /həʊm ˈvɪlɪdʒ/ quê nhà
household n, adj /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ hộ gia đình, thuộc gia đình
illustrate v /ˈɪləstreɪt/ minh họa
industrial adj /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/ thuộc công nghiệp
issue n /ˈɪʃuː/ vấn đề
land/soil pollution n /lỉnd/sɔɪl pəˈluːʃən/ ơ nhiễm đất
lead to v /lɪːd tuː/ dẫn tới
light pollution n /laɪt pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm ánh sáng
litter v /lɪtər/ xả rác, rác
noise pollution n /nɔɪz pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm tiếng ồn
occur v /əˈkɜːr/ xảy ra
ocean n /ˈəʊʃən/ đại dương
overhead adj /ˈəʊvəhed/ ở đầu
pattern n /ˈpætən/ kiểu mẫu, gương mẫu
poison n /ˈpɔɪzən/ chất độc
poisonous adj /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ có độc, nhiễm độc
polluted adj /pəˈluːtɪd/ bị ô nhiễm
pollution n /pəˈluːʃən/ sự ô nhiễm
radiation n /reɪdɪˈeɪʃən/ phóng xạ
radioactive pollution n /reɪdiəʊˈỉktɪv pəˈluːʃən / ơ nhiễm phóng xạ
recycle v /riːˈsaɪkl/ tái chế
reduction n /rɪˈdʌkʃən/ sự rút gọn, giảm
renewable adj /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ làm được, tái sinh được
resident n /ˈrezɪdənt/ cư dân
result In phr.v /rɪˈzʌlt ɪn/ dẫn tới, gây ra
river n /rɪvər/ dịng sơng
rubbish n /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ rác thải
serious adj /ˈsɪəriəs/ nghiêm trọng
sneeze v /sniːz/ hắt hơi
spill v /spɪl/ làm tràn, làm đổ
(7)If + S + Vs/es, S + will + V
surprise v, n /səˈpraɪz/ sự ngạc nhiên
telephone pole n /ˈtelɪfəʊn pəʊl/ cột điện thoại thermal pollution n /ˈθɜːməl pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm nhiệt
throw v /θrəʊ/ ném, vứt
tiny species n /ˈtaɪni ˈspiːʃiːz/ những sinh vật nhỏ
untidy adj /ʌn ˈtaɪdi/ lôi thôi, lếch thếch
vehicle n /ˈviːɪkl/ phương tiện giao thông
visual pollution n /ˈvɪʒuəl pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm tầm nhìn
waste n /weɪst/ chắt thải
water pollution n /ˈwɔːtər pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm nước
weed n /wiːd/ cỏ dại
GRAMMAR ❸
1 Conditional sentences type 1 Câu điều kiện loại I
Câu điều kiện loại dùng để diễn tả điều kiện xảy tương lai
Cấu trúc:
Nói cách khác, câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng đơn, mệnh đề dùng tương lai đơn
Ví dụ:
If you study hard, you will pass the exam Nếu bạn học chăm chỉ, bạn vượt qua kì thi If it is cool, I will go fishing.
Nếu trời mát, câu cá.
(8)If + S + Ved, S + would + V Chú ý:
Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, mệnh đề “IF”, động từ “to be” chuyển thành “were” cho tất Câu điều kiện loại II dùng để diễn tả điều xảy
tương lai Cấu trúc:
Ví dụ:
If I were a bird, I would be very happy Nếu chim, tôl hạnh phúc. If I had a million USD, I would buy that house Nếu tơi có triệu la, tơi mua nhà đó. Tóm tắt loại câu điều kiện:
Type Forms Usage
1 lf + S + V(s, es), S + will/ can/ shall Điều xảy tương lai
2 If + S + V2/ Ved, S + would/ could/ should + V
Điều xảy tương lai
B PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Choose the word which has different stress position.
1 A alphabetic B dynamic C systematic D electronic
2 A relic B critic C classic D magnetic
3 A electric B linguistic C magic D acetic A kinetic B realistic C toxic D political A economic B botanic C cosmetic D specific A directional B special C denial D arrival A rational B conical C approval D practical A chemical B additional C abnormal D intentional A logical B central C critical D analytical 10 A sensational B conventional C victuals D contaminant Exercise 2: Mark the stress position of the words in the box Number is an
example for you.
(9)1 intentional canal
3 clinic microscopic
4 comic international
5 curricular 10 historic
Exercise 3: Look at the picture and put the correct types of pollution under it.
light pollution soil pollution
radioactive pollution air pollution
noise pollution visual pollution
water pollution thermal pollution
1
3
5
7 Exercise 4: Match the word/ phrase with the correct definition.
No Term Opt Definition
(10)1 acid rain A the increase In temperature of the earth’s atmosphere, that is caused by the increase of particular gases, especially carbon dioxide
2 stream B a substance that causes death or harm if it is swallowed or absorbed into the body
3 light pollution C rain that contains harmful chemicals from factory gases and that damages trees, crops and buildings
4 contamination D things that you throw away because you no longer want or need them
5 global warming E the process or fact of making a substance or place dirty or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries disease
6 noise pollution F the mass of salt water that covers most of the earth’s surface
7 ocean G the existence of too much artificial light in the environment, for example from street lights, which makes it difficult to see the stars
8 poison H harmful or annoying levels of noise, as from airplanes, industry, etc
9 reduction I a small narrow river
10 rubbish J an act of making something less or smaller the state of being made less or smaller
Your answer:
1 10 Exercise 5: Put the verbs in brackets: Conditional sentence type I or type
II (1)
1 If you come with me, I (do) the shopping with you
2 Jimmy (help) his mother in the garden if she reads him a story this evening
3 If it (ran) , I will stay at home
4 Our teacher will be happy if we (learn) the poem by heart If they had enough money, they (buy) a new car
6 We (pass) the exam if we studied harder
7 If Pat (repair) his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with us She would get 100 pounds if she (sell) this old shelf
(11)10 If the weather (be) fine, the children can walk to school
Exercise 6: Put the verbs in brackets: Conditional sentence type I or type II (2) If Tracy had a mobile phone, she (phone) all her friends
2 I will be very angry with Nick if he (forget) my CD again
3 If the boys win this match, their coach (invite) them to a barbecue If you (not/ read) these articles, you will not know the facts about
Africa
5 You (get) very wet if you walked in this rain
6 The engine (not/ start) if Ben connected these two cables If he (have) time, he will buy her some sweets
8 Maria would play in the school orchestra if she (practice) the trumpet more often
9 We (not/ fetch) something to drink if Jim does not bring some sandwiches
10 If he (carry) the rucksack, I would pull the suitcase Exercise 7: Choose the correct answers (1)
1 more help, I could call my neighbor
A Needed B Should I need C I have needed D I should need Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people the
same language?
A.spoke B speak C had spoken D will speak
3 if you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, this incident again
A.I will never mention B I never mention C will I never mention D I don’t mention
4 Unless you all of my questions, I can’t anything to help you
A.answered B answer C would answer D are answering If someone into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”
A.comes B came C would come D could come
6 “Here’s my phone number”
“Thanks I’ll give you a call if I some help tomorrow”
A.will need B need C would need D needed
7 If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I in a bank
A.work B will work
C have worked D would be working
(12)A.was B is C were D had been The patient could not recover unless he an operation
A.had undergone B would undergo C underwent D was undergoing 10 If she him, she would be very happy
A.would meet B will meet C is meeting D should meet Exercise 8: Choose the correct answers (2)
1 If I had enough money, I abroad to improve my English
A.will go B would go
C should go D should have go to
2 The bench would collapse if they on it
A.stood B stand C standing D stands
3 If it convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight
A.be B is C was D were
4 If you time, please write to me
A.have B had C have had D has
5 I shouldn’t go there at night if I you
A.am B was C be D were
6 If I get a pole, I will go fishing
A.can B could C may D might
7 If you had the chance, you go fishing?
A.did B may C would D
8 If you a choice, which country would you visit?
A.have B had C have had D will have
9 She will accept the offer you persuade her
A.unless B because C provided that D otherwise 10.he would accompany you on the piano
A.Supposing he were here B Because he were here
C Were he here D Both A and C
Exercise 9: Choose the incorrect part (1) If we meet at 9:30, we would have plenty of time
A B C D
2 If you find a skeleton in the cellar, not to mention it to anyone
A B C D
3 If you passes your examination, we will have a celebration
A B C D
(13)A B C D
5 What would happen if I press this button?
A B C D
6 The door will be unlock if you press the green button
A B C D
7 If you go to Paris, where you will stay? A B C D
8 If you swim in this lake, you’ll shiver of
cold A B C D
9 If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you would you choosing?
A B C D
10 The flight may to be cancelled if the fog gets
thick A B C D
Exercise 10: Choose the incorrect part (2)
1 If the milkman conies, tell him to be leave two pints
A B C D
2 I will call the office if I were you A B C D
3 Someone will sits on your glasses if you leave them there
A B C D
4 You would hear my explanation if you did not talked so
much A B C D
5 Which will I if I hear the burglar
alarm? A B C D
6 I would repair the roof myself if I have a long ladder, but I don’t
have A B C D
7 Unless they turn that radio off, I will going
mad A B C D
8 If you were made redundantly, what would you do?
A B C D
9 We’ll have a long way to walking if we run out of petrol
here A B C D
10 If you spoke louderly, your classmates would understand you
(14)WEEK 2
Exercise 1: Listen and write the headings for each paragraph (Track 14) CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION
Paragraph 1: Paragraph 2: Paragraph 3: Paragraph 4: Paragraph 5: Exercise 2: Listen and complete the text (Track 15)
Solution to air pollution
Most people agree that to curb global warming, a variety of (1) need to be taken On a personal level, driving and flying less, recycling, and conservation reduces a person’s “carbon footprint” - the amount of carbon dioxide a person is (2) for putting into the atmosphere
On a larger scale, governments are taking measures to limit (3) of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases The Paris Agreement, a voluntary agreement among 118 nations ratified on November 4, 2016, is one effort being enacted on a global scale to combat (4) change As a part of the agreement, each country agreed to take measures to combat climate change, with the ultimate goal of keeping the post-industrial global temperature rise below two degrees Celsius Another method is to put taxes on carbon emissions or higher taxes on gasoline, so that individuals and (5) will have greater incentives to conserve energy and pollute less
Exercise 3: Read and put the headings into the correct paragraphs (There is one extra)
1 Effect on health of humans Effect on growth of plants Decreased soil fertility
4 Toxic dust
5 Changes in temperature Changes in soil structure Effects of Soil Pollution
1 Considering how soil is the reason we are able to sustain ourselves, the contamination of it has major consequences on our health Crops and plants grown on polluted soil absorb much of the pollution and then pass these on to us This could explain the sudden surge in small and terminal illnesses
(15)and bacteria found in the soil that bind it together begin to decline, which creates an additional problem of soil erosion
3 : The toxic chemicals present in the soil can decrease soil fertility and therefore decrease in the soil yield The contaminated soil is then used to produce fruits and vegetables which lacks quality nutrients and may contain some poisonous substance to cause serious health problems in people consuming them : The emission of toxic and foul gases from landfills pollutes the environment and causes serious effects on health of some people The unpleasant smell causes inconvenience to other people
5 : The death of many soil organisms (e.g earthworms) in the soil can lead to alteration in soil structure Apart from that, it could also force other predators to move to other places in search of food
Exercise 4: Read and answer the questions.
Water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water resource policy at all levels It has been suggested that water pollution is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily An estimated 580 people in India die of water pollution related illness every day About 90 percent of the water in the cities of China is polluted As of 2007, half a billion Chinese had no access to safe drinking water In addition to the acute problems of water pollution in developing countries, developed countries also continue to struggle with pollution problems For example, in the most recent national report on water quality in the United States, 44 percent of assessed stream miles, 64 percent of assessed lake acres, and 30 percent of assessed bays and estuarine square miles were classified as polluted The head of China’s national development agency said in 2007 that one quarter the length of China’s seven main rivers were so poisoned the water harmed the skin
Water is typically referred to as polluted when it is impaired by anthropogenic contaminants and either does not support a human use, such as drinking water, or undergoes a marked shift in its ability to support its constituent biotic communities, such as fish Natural phenomena such as volcanoes, algae blooms, storms, and earthquakes also cause major changes in water quality and the ecological status of water
1 What is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases?
How many people die every day by water pollution?
How many percent of the water in the cities of China is polluted?
What phenomena cause major changes in water quality and the ecological status of
(16)Exercise 5: Look at the picture, answer the questions Then practise asking
and answering questions in oral speech.
1 What kind of vehicles are on the road?
Are there many vehicles on the road?
What are the people doing?
Is this city polluted or fresh?
Do you like living in this city? Why?
Exercise 6: Describe the picture in front of the class (oral presentation) Exercise 7: Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown.
1 I didn’t have an umbrella with me so I got wet
I wouldn’t I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone
Unless In the snowy weather we don’t go to school
If Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to move this table
(17)5 You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep
If you Make me some coffee, and I’ll give you some sweets
If If you hadn’t told me about Sue’s hair, I wouldn’t have noticed her
Unless If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 00
Should Exercise 8: Rewrite the following sentences starting with if.
1 He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam
If She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam
If He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car
If He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough
If She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party
If He doesn’t take any exercises He is so unhealthy
If Study hard or you won’t pass the exam
If Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes
If I didn’t eat lunch, I feel hungry now
If 10 I don’t buy that book because I don’t have enough money
(18)WEEK 1
ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRIES
A THEORY: LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE
PRONUNCIATION ❶
Stress in words ending in -ese and -ee (Trọng âm từ có kết thúc -ese và
-ee)
Đối với từ có -ese và -ee, trọng âm từ rơi vào âm đuôi Words ending in
-ese
Transcription Words ending in -ese
Transcription Vietnamese /vjetnəˈmiːz/ adoptee /ədɒpˈtiː/ Japanese /dʒæpəˈniːz/ absentee /æbsənˈtiː/
Chinese /tʃaɪˈniːz/ attendee /ətenˈdiː/
Portuguese /pɔːtʃʊˈɡiːz/ employee /ɪmplɔɪˈiː/ VOCABULARY
❷
ENGLISH TYPE PRONUNCIATION VIETNAMESE
absolutely adv /ỉbsəˈluːtli/ hồn tồn, tuyệt đối
accent n /ˈæksent/ âm, giọng điệu
amazing adj /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ làm kinh ngạc
appealing adj /əˈpiːlɪŋ/ cuốn hút, cảm động
arctic circle n /ˈɑːktɪk ˈsɜːkl/ vòng cực
Arctic Ocean n /ˈɑːktɪk ˈəʊʃən/ Bắc Băng Dương
art centre n /ɑːt ˈsentər/ trung tâm nghệ thuật
attraction n /əˈtrækʃən/ sự thu hút
brigade n /brɪˈɡeɪd/ lữ đồn
capital n /ˈkỉpɪtəl/ thủ đơ
cattle station n /ˈkætl ˈsteɪʃən/ trại gia súc
century n /ˈsentʃəri/ thế kỉ
competition n /kɒmpəˈtɪʃən/ cuộc thi
(19)country n /ˈkʌntri/ đất nước, quốc gia
debate v /dɪˈbeɪt/ cuộc tranh luận
diverse adj /daɪˈvɜːs/ khác nhau, đa dạng
endless adj /ˈendləs/ vô tận
entertainment n /entəˈteɪnmənt/ sự giải trí
excursion n /ɪkˈskɜːʃn/ cuộc chơi, tham quan
exhibition n /eksɪˈbɪʃn/ cuộc triển lãm
freedom n /ˈfriːdəm/ sự tự do
garment n /ˈɡɑːmənt/ áo quần
ghost n /ɡəʊst/ con ma
haunt v, n /hɔːnt/ ám ảnh, ma ám
icon n /ˈaɪkɒn/ biểu tượng
illustrate v /ˈɪləstreɪt/ minh họa
international adj /ɪntəˈnæʃənəl/ quốc tế
journalism n /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪzəm/ nghề báo, báo chí
kangaroo n /kæŋɡəˈruː/ con chuột túi
koala n /kəʊˈɑːlə/ con gấu koala
loch n /lɒk/ hồ
look forward to v /lʊk ˈfɔːwəd tʊ/ mong đợi
march v, n /mɑːtʃ/ hành quân, diễu hành
monument n /ˈmɒnjʊmənt/ đài tưởng niệm
mother tongue n /ˈmʌðər tʌŋ/ ngon ngữ mẹ đẻ
native adj /ˈneɪtɪv/ thuộc xứ
north pole n /nɔːθ pəʊl/ Bắc Cực
official language n /əˈfɪʃəl ˈlỉŋɡwɪdʒ/ ngơn ngữ thức Pacific Ocean n /pəˈsɪfɪk ˈəʊʃən/ Thái Bình Dương
parade n /pəˈreɪd/ cuộc diễu hành
perhaps adv /pəˈhỉps/ có lẽ
practise v /ˈpræktɪs/ thực hành, luyện tập
puzzle n /ˈpʌzl/ câu đố
raincoat n /ˈreɪnkəʊt/ áo mưa
(20)schedule n /ˈʃedjuːl/ lịch trình, lộ trình spectacular adj /spekˈtỉkjələr/ đẹp, ngoạn mục
state n /steɪt/ tiểu bang
summer camp n /ˈsʌmər kæmp/ trại hè
surround v, n /səˈraʊnd/ vòng quanh, vây quanh
symbolise v /ˈsɪmbəlaɪz/ tượng trưng cho
territory n /ˈterɪtəri/ lãnh thổ
Thanksgiving n /θæŋksˈɡɪvɪŋ/ lễ Tạ ơn
throughout adv, pre /θruːˈaʊt/ xuyên suốt, toàn bộ
tour guide n /tʊər ɡaɪd/ hướng dẫn viên du lịch
trolley n /ˈtrɒli/ xe đẩy
waterfall n /ˈwɔːtəfɔːl/ thác nước
GRAMMAR ❸
Present tenses (Các tại)
Có tiếng Anh Chúng trình bày tóm tắt bảng sau SIMPLE
PRESENT (THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN)
PRESENT
CONTINUOUS (THÌ HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN) CẤU TRÚC
Khẳng định: Phủ định: Nghi vấn:
S + Vs/es + O
S + do/does + not + V Do/Does + S + V?
S + is/am/are + V-ing S + is/am/are not + V-ing Is/Am/Are + S + V-ing? CÁCH
DÙNG:
1. Thì đơn diễn tả chân lý, Thì tiếp diễn diễn tả một một thật hiển nhiên.
Ví dụ:
The sun rises in the East Tom comes from England
hành động diễn kéo dài dài thời gian tại.
Ví dụ:
The children are playing football now
2. Thì đơn diễn tả thói quen, một hành động xảy thường xuyên ở tại.
Ví dụ:
Mary often goes to school by
Thì thường sau câu đề nghị, mệnh lệnh.
Ví dụ:
Look! The child is crying bicycle
I get up early every morning
(21)Lưu ý: Ta thêm “es” sau động từ tận
cùng là: o, ch, sh, ss, z Khơng dùng với động từchỉ nhận thức tri giác như: to see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize, seem, remember, forget, etc
Dấu hiệu
nhận biết:
Thường có từ: always, every, usually, often, generally, frequently.
Thường có từ: now, at the moment, at present, right now
PRESENT PERFECT (THÌ HIỆN TẠI HỒN
THÀNH)
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (THÌ HIỆN TẠI HỒN
THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN) CẤU TRÚC
Khẳng định: Phủ định: Nghi vấn:
S + have/ has + PII S + have/ has + not + PII Have/ has + S + PII?
S + have/ has + been + V-ing S + haven’t/ hasn’t + been + ing Have/ has + S + been + V-ing?
CÁCH DÙNG:
1. Diễn tả hành động xảy trong quá khứ kết liên quan đến (Nhấn mạnh kết quả hành động.)
Ví dụ:
We have typed ten letters this morning
Diễn tả hành động xảy trong quá khứ nhưng, kéo dài đến tại và tiếp tục xảy tương lai (Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động.)
Ví dụ:
We have been playing soccer for two hours
2. Diễn tả hành xảy chưa xảy không xác định thời gian.
Ví dụ:
She has finished her homework
Dấu hiệu
nhận biết: Thường có từ: already, not yet, just, ever, never sine, for, recently, before.
(22)B PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Mark the stress position of the words in the box Number is an example for you.
Words Words
1. Taiwaˈnese 2. Chinese 3. Portuguese 4. Lebanese 5. Nepalese
6 Examinee Interviewee Lessee Designee 10 Degree
Exercise 2: Look at the transcription and read them aloud Give the stress rule of the words ending in ee and ese.
No. Words Transcription
1 addressee /ædreˈsiː/
2 employee /emplɔɪˈiː/
3 appointee /əpɔɪnˈtiː/
4 disagree /dɪsəˈɡriː/
5 attendee /ætenˈdiː/
6 Japanese /ʒæpəˈniːz/
7 Vietnamese /vjetnəˈmiːz/
8 Burmese /bɜːˈmiːz/
9 Sudanese /suːdəˈniːz/
10 Congolese /kɒŋɡəˈliːz/
Exercise 3: Look at the picture and put the correct word under it.
monument raincoat summer camp
tour guide waterfall trolley
koala cattle station kangaroo
(23)4
7 Exercise 4: Match the word/ phrase with the correct definition.
No Term Opt. Definition
1 century A a piece of clothing
2 debate B the language that you first learn to speak when you are a child
3 entertainment C a period of 100 years
4 exhibition D land that is under the control of a particular country or ruler
5 garment E a collection of things, for example works of art, that are shown to the public
6 ghost F a small symbol on a computer or smart phone screen that represents a program or a file
7 icon G films/movies, music, etc used to entertain people; an example of this
8 mother tongue H the spirit of a dead person that a living person believes they can see or hear
9 puzzle I a formal discussion of an issue at a public meeting In this, there are two or more speakers express opposing views and then there is often a vote on the issue
10 territory J a game, etc that you have to think about carefully in order to answer it or it
Exercise 5: Put the verbs in brackets Present simple or present continuous. I (not/belong) to this particular government committee
2 Hurry? The bus (come) (not/want) to miss it Martha is a vegetarian She (not/eat) meat
(24)5 We are successful because we (take) the time to talk to our customers
6 John (deaf) with all the enquiries about sales
7 At the moment we (make) a training video for Siemens (you/know) what Mr Brown is doing? He is not in his office Unemployment (fail) and is now down to 5.6%
10 Jane is doing some research in the library She needs it for a book she (write)
Exercise 6: Put the verbs in brackets: Present perfect or present perfect progressive (1)
1 How long (you/ know) Gerry?
2 You look dirty What (you/ do) all day? How many times (Charles/ visit) New York?
4 She (learn) French words for hours, but she still doesn’t remember all of them
5 The children (watch) videos for two hours (he/ study) hard today?
7 Sorry, I’m late, (you/ wait) for long? We (not/ see) Lisa recently
9 He (write) his essay all day, but he hasn’t finished yet 10 How long (he/ wait) for her?
Exercise 7: Put the verbs in brackets: Present perfect or present perfect progressive (2)
1 You took tired (you/study) hard?
2 Mr Brown is new here, isn’t he? How long (he/work) for the company?
3 I (lose) my wallet Have you seen it anywhere? I (read) the magazine you lent me, but I (not/finish)
yet
5 (you/hear) the bad news? Simon (break) his leg!
6 John (write) his novel since last year He the first three chapters
7 What (you/do) I (wait) for you for an hour
8 The painters (paint) the town hall since February They (paint) nearly half of it now
(25)10 Mr Brown (mark) the exams all morning, but he (not/read) them all
Exercise 8: Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
1 She can’t come to the phone now because she tomorrow’s test
A.studies B is studying
C has studied D has been studying
2 They must be at the sports ground now They usually basketball on Fridays
A.play B are playing
C have played D have been playing
3 I my work already I’m ready to go for a walk with you
A.finish B am finishing
C have finished D have been finishing I breakfast right now Can you call a tittle later?
A.cook B am cooking
C have cooked D have been cooking
5 I this book Can I borrow it tor a week or so?
A.don’t read B am not reading
C haven’t read D haven’t been reading
6 Maria is good at languages She French, Spanish and German
A.speaks B is speaking
C has spoken D has been speaking
7 So far, he five stories for children
A.writes B is writing
C has written D has writing
8 We for their answer for two months already
A.wait B are waiting
C have been waited D have been waiting She since Monday
A is sick B is being sick
C has been sick D has been being sick 10 She since noon Should we wake her up?
A sleeps B is sleeping
C has been sleep D has been sleeping Exercise 9: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form (1)
(26)WEEK 2
3 How long (know) Simon?
4 Can you hear those girls? What (they/ talk) this exam? How many times (you/ take) this exam?
6 He (eat) six bars of chocolate today!
7 When I’m in Paris I (usually/stay) in the Hotel du Pont, but this time I (stay) in the more expensive Hotel Notre Dame
8 (they/ arrive) already?
9 My father (be) an engineer, but he (not/work) right now
10 My parents (live) in Sydney Where (your parents/ live) ?
Exercise 10: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form (2) Lucy (run) 2000 metres today
2 We (own) two cars, an estate car and a sports car Can you drive? No, but I (learn) at the moment Julie (cook) dinner Let’s go and eat!
5 Look! That woman (try) to steal that man’s wallet I (drink) more water lately, and I feel better I (clean) all morning – I’m fed up!
8 The River Nile (flow) into the Mediterranean Sorry about the mess! I (bake)
10 The students (finish) their exams They’re very happy
Exercise 1: Listen and complete the text (Track 16) 6 Tips to Self Study English Effectively 1 Listen to music and learn from lyrics
Everyone likes music It’s very easy and interesting to learn English by listening to your favourite
2 Watch English videos about your interests
This is good training for your English comprehension and Watching interviews and reviews will help you become familiar with conversational English-how you should communicate with other people
3 Watch English movies and TV shows
(27)4 Test your grammar with online English quizzes
When you self-study, one possible problem is that you might miss the and errors you’re making
One easy way to test yourself is to free online English quizzes These quizzes will test your grammar, sentence construction, comprehension and a whole lot more
5 Chat with friends online
Chatting with friends online is a fun way to self-study English without even realizing it It’s different from talking to a teacher, or studying in class, or even using English at work because it’s relaxed, and the is easy
6 Read e-books, articles and online magazines
Reading is as as listening when learning English Reading and listening both sharpen the mind and train you to think in English too
Exercise 2: Listen and answer the questions (Track 17) How many people speak English as their first language?
What country has the most English native speakers?
Is English the first largest language by number of native speakers?
Which group are outnumbered, English native speakers or non-native English
speakers?
Combining native and non-native speakers, which country has the most people who
speak and understand English?
Exercise 3: Read and complete the text with the words in the box.
century population languages country
maintained mainland territories largest
(28)South Wales from 26 January 1788 The (6) grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored and an additional give self-governing crown colonies established On January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia Australia has since (7) a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states and several (8)
Exercise 4: Read and match the bold words with their definition.
London is a leading global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transportation It is the world’s largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth- largest metropolitan area GDP in the world London is a world cultural capital It is the world’s most visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world’s largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic London is the world’s leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city London’s universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times
London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret’s Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory Greenwich defines the Prime Meridian 00 longitude, and GMT) Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye Piccadilly Circus, St Paul’s Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square and The Shard London is home to numerous museums, galleries libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, inducing the British Museum, National Gallery, Natural History Museum, Tate Modern, British Library and West End theatres
The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world
No Words opt. Definition
1 global a the place where someone is going or where something is being sent or taken
2 centre b a building or place that is easily recognized, especially one which you can use to judge where you are
3 capital c the middle point or part destination d relating to the whole world
5 education e many
6 historic f a city which is the centre of government of a country or smaller political area
7 landmark g important or likely to be important in history numerous h the process of teaching or learning in a school or
(29)Your answer:
1 Exercise 5: Look at the picture, answer the questions Then practise asking
and answering questions in oral speech.
1 Where is the scene?
What can you see in the photos?
How many boys/ girls are there?
What are the children doing?
Do they like studying? Why?
How about you? What’s your favourite subject?
Do you like learning English? Why?
(30)Exercise 7: Answer the following questions. How long have you been learning English?
How you learn English grammar?
How you learn English vocabulary?
How you learn English pronunciation?
How you practise English speaking?
How you practise English reading?
How you practise English writing?
How you practise English listening?
Exercise 8: Write a short paragraph about how you learn English The ideas in Exercise are examples for you.
(31)WEEK 1
NATURAL DISASTERS
A THEORY: LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE
PRONUNCIATION ❶
Stress in words ending in -logy and -graphy (Trọng âm cùa từ có -logy –
graphy)
Đối với từ có -logy -graphy, trọng âm từ âm tiết thứ kể từ
lên
Word ending in -logy Word ending in -graphy
zoology /zuˈɒlədʒi/ sociology /səʊsiˈɒlədʒi/ psychology /saɪˈɒlədʒi/ ecology /ɪˈkɒlədʒi/
geography /dʒiˈɒɡrəfi/ photography /fəˈtɒɡrəfi/ biography /baɪˈɒɡrəfi/ ethnography /eθˈnɒɡrəfi/
❷ VOCABULARY
ENGLISH TYPE PRONUNCIATION VIETNAMESE
accurate adj /ˈỉkjʊrət/ chính xác
against pre /əˈɡenst/ chống lại
aid v /eɪd/ hỗ trợ, trợ giúp
area n /ˈeəriə/ vùng, khu vực
awful adj /ˈɔːfəl/ kinh khủng
basement n /ˈbeɪsmənt/ hầm, tầng hầm
bury v /ˈberi/ chôn vùi
climate change n /ˈklaɪmət tʃeɪndʒ/ biến đổi khí hậu
collapse v /kəˈlỉps/ sụp đổ
common adj /ˈkɒmən/ thông thường
debris n /ˈdebriː/ mảnh vụn
destroy v /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ phá hủy
destructive adj /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/ có sức tàn phá lớn Unit
(32)disaster b /dɪˈzɑːstər thảm họa
drought n /draʊt/ hạn hán
earthquake n /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ động đất
emergency n /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi/ sự khẩn cấp
emergency supply kit n /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi səˈplaɪ kɪt/ bộ đồ dùng cứu trợ khẩn cấp
equipment n /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ dụng cụ
erupt v /ɪˈrʌpt/ phun trào
eruption n /ɪˈrʌpʃən/ sự phun trào
essential adj /ɪˈsenʃəl/ cần thiết
evacuate v /ɪˈvækjueɪt/ sơ tán, rút lui
evacuation n /ɪˈvækjueɪʃən/ sự sơ tán
extensive adj /ɪkˈstensɪv/ mở rộng
familiar adj /fəˈmɪliər/ quen thuộc
flood n /flʌd/ lũ lụt
global warming n /ˈɡləʊbl ˈwɔːmɪŋ/ sự nóng lên tồn cầu
guideline n /ˈɡaɪdlaɪn/ hướng dẫn
happen v /ˈhỉpən/ xảy ra
homeless adj /ˈhəʊmləs/ vơ gia cư
in charge phr /ɪn tʃɑːdʒ/ chịu trách nhiệm
include v /ɪnˈkluːd/ gồm
injured adj /ˈɪndʒəd/ bị thương
injury n /ˈɪndʒəri/ vết thương
knowledge n /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ kiến thức
manage v /ˈmænɪdʒ/ quản lý, xoay xở
medical supply n /ˈmedɪkəl səˈplaɪ/ thuốc men, dụng cụ y tế
mudslide n /ˈmʌdslaɪd/ lũ bùn
organise v /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/ tổ chức
powerful adj /ˈpaʊəfəl/ mạnh mẽ
predict v /prɪˈdɪkt/ tiên đoán, dự báo
prepare v /prɪˈpeər/ chuẩn bị
property n /ˈprɒpəti/ tài sản
(33)rage v, n /reɪdʒ/ nổi thịnh nộ, giận dữ
rain-free adj /reɪn-friː/ không có mưa
raise money v /reɪz ˈmʌni / quyên góp tiền
report v, n /rɪˈpɔːt/ báo cáo
rescue v, n /ˈreskjuː/ cứu hộ, giải cứu
resident n /ˈrezɪdənt/ cư dân
respect v /rɪˈspekt/ tôn trọng
route n /ruːt/ con đường
scatter v /ˈskætər/ rắc, vung vãi
severe adj /sɪˈvɪər/ nghiêm trọng, khốc liệt
shake v /ʃeɪk/ lắc, rung
shelter n ˈʃeltər/ chỗ ở, nơi trú ẩn
strike v /straɪk/ đánh, cơng
survivor n /səˈvaɪvər/ người sống sót
technology n /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ công nghệ
temporary adj /ˈtempərəri/ tạm bợ, tạm thời
terrible adj /ˈterəbl/ khủng khiếp
tornado n /tɔːˈneɪdəʊ/ cơn lốc xoáy
trap v, n /træp/ bẫy, bẫy
tropical storm n /ˈtrɒpɪkəl stɔːm/ bão nhiệt đới
tsunami n /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ sóng thần
typhoon n /taɪˈfuːn/ cơn lốc xoáy
victim n /ˈvɪktɪm/ nạn nhân
violent adj /ˈvaɪələnt/ dữ dội
volcanic adj /vɒlˈkænɪk/ thuộc núi lửa
weather bureau n /ˈweðər ˈbjʊərəʊ/ phòng dự báo thời tiết
wind n /wɪnd/ cơn gió
(34)GRAMMAR ❸
1 Passive voice
Các bước chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động. Xác định
S, V, O câu chủ động Xác định động từ
Đem
O câu chủ động làm S câu bị động, đem S câu chủ động làm O câu bị động
Lấy
V câu chủ động đổi thành PII/ed thêm be thích hợp trước PII/ed
Đặt by trước
O câụ bị động
Ví dụ:
(A) The cat ate the mouse
(P) The mouse was eaten by the cat
Động từ câu chủ động bị động:
Tenses Active Passive
Simple present Lan cleans the floor every morning
The floor is cleaned by Lan every morning
Simple past Nam broke the glasses The glasses were broken by Nam
Present continuous The pupil is not doing some exercises
Some exercises are not being done by the pupil
Past continuous The mother was cooking dinner at yesterday
Dinner was being cooked by the mother at yesterday Present perfect The secretary has just
finished the report The report has just been finished by the secretary Past perfect The boy had found the key
before yesterday
The key had been found by the boy before yesterday Simple future Mr Brown will not teach our
class
Our class will not be taught by Mr Brown
Future perfect The students will have written many compositions
Many compositions will have been written by the students Modal verbs The students must this
exercise in class This exercise must be done in class by the students Một số dạng bị động khác:
Cấu trúc: They/ People say/ think/ believe that
(A) People say that Henry eats ten eggs a day
(35)Chú ý:
Lược bỏ tân ngữ câu bị động
Nếu chủ ngữ câu chủ động không rõ người hay vật cụ thể (Ví dụ: people, someone, every one, no one, any one, I, we, you, they, s/he, it) đổi sang câu bị động (by people /someone/ everyone/ no one/ anyone/ me / us/ you/ the / her/ him/ it) bỏ
Ví dụ:
(A) People built that bridge in 1998
(P) That bridge was built in 1998 (by people) Ta nên bỏ “by people”
Khẳng địnhS + had + PII
Phủ địnhS + had + not (hadn’t) + PII Nghi vấnHad + S + PII?
(P2) Henry is said to eat ten eggs a day
(A) They thought that Mary had gone away
(P1) It was thought that Mary had gone away
(P2) Mary was thought to have gone away
2 Past perfect (Thì q khứ hồn thành)
Cấu trúc (form)
Cách sử dụng q khứ hồn thành (Usage)
Thì q khứ hồn thành dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy trước hành động khác thời điểm khác khứ:
We had had lunch when she arrived Khi cô đến ăn trưa xong.
I went out for a walk with them after I had finished my essay Tôi dạo với họ sau hồn thành luận Dấu hiệu nhận biết q khứ hồn thành (signals)
Trong câu thường có từ: before, after, when by, by the time, by the end of + time in the past
B PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Mark the stress position of the words Number is an example for you.
Words Words
(36)2 ethnography geography lexicography cartography
7 chromatography analogy
9 astrology 10 sociology
Exercise 2: Look at the transcription and read them aloud Give the stress rule of the words ending in ogy and aphy.
No. Words Transcription
1 biology /baɪˈɒlədʒi/
2 geology /dʒiˈɒlədʒi/
3 geography /dʒiˈɒgrəfi/
4 histology /dɪsˈkɒgrəfi/
5 discography /dɪsˈkɒgrəfi/
6 biography /baɪˈɒgrəfi/
7 sociology /səʊsiˈɒlədʒi/
8 radiography /reɪdiˈɒgrəfi/
9 demography /dɪˈmɒgrəfi/
10 ideology /aɪdiˈɒlədʒi/
Stress rule of the words ending in ogy and aphy: Exercise 3: Name some types of natural disasters.
1
(37)5
7 Exercise Match the word/ phrase with the correct definition.
No. Term Opt Definition
1 basement A changes in the earth’s weather, including changes in temperature, wind patterns and rainfall
2 climate change B lasting or intended to last or be used only for a short time; not permanent
3 disaster C the process of moving people from a place of danger to a safer place
4 emergency D a set of rules or instructions that are given by an official organization telling you how to something
5 eruption E a room or rooms in a building, partly or completely below the level of the ground
6 evacuation F a sudden serious and dangerous event or situation which needs immediate action to deal with it
7 global warming G the increase in temperature of the earth’s atmosphere, that is caused by the increase of particular gases, especially carbon dioxide
8 guideline H having no home
9 homeless I an occasion when a volcano suddenly throws out burning rocks, smoke, etc
10 temporary J an unexpected event, such as a very bad accident, a flood or a fire, that kills a lot of people or causes a lot of damage
Your answer:
1 10 Exercise 5: Put these sentences into the passive form.
1 Mary types letters in the office
His father will help you tomorrow
(38)Peter broke this bottle
They are learning English in the room
Nothing can change my mind
No one had told me about it
I don’t know her telephone number
My students will bring the children home
10 They sent me a present last week
Exercise 6: Put these sentences into the passive form (Interrogative form).
1 Do they teach English here?
Will you invite her to your wedding party?
Has Tom finished the work?
Did the teacher give some exercises?
Have they changed the window of the laboratory?
What books are people reading this year?
How did the police find the lost man?
Who took after the children for you?
How long have they waited for the doctor?
10 What time can the boys hand in their papers?
(39)Exercise 7: Write the sentences in passive form Number is an example for you.
1 I have heard her sing this song several times She has been heard to sing this song several times People saw him steal your car
The teacher is watching her student the homework
He won’t let you that silly thing again
People make the children work hard
They made him work all day
The detective saw the woman putting the jewelry in her bag
The terrorists made the hostages lie down
Police advise drivers to use an alternative route
10 She helps me to all these difficult exercises
Exercise 8: Write the sentences in passive form: Modal verbs.
1 You can’t wash this dress
You should open the wine about hours before you use it
Members may keep books for weeks
Passengers shouldn’t throw away their tickets as inspectors may check them during
the journey
They ought to have reported the accident to the police
Visitors must leave umbrellas and sticks in the cloakroom
(40)7 You should have taken those books back to the library
We cannot exchange the goods which customers have bought during the sale
You mustn’t move this man; he’s too ill
10 When they have widened this street, the roar of the traffic will keep residents awake
all night
Exercise 9: Choose the correct answers.
1 He broke my watch
A.My watch were broken B My watch be broken C My watch is broken D My watch was broken The teacher explained the rule to the student
A.The rule was explained to the student B.The students were explained the rule C.The students were explained the rules D A and B are correct
3 He often asks me to help him A.He is often asked to help them B.They are often asked to help me C.I am often asked to help him D I am often asked him to help me His friends never forgave his betrayal
A.His betrayal were never forgiven by his friends B.His betrayal was never forgiven by his friends C.His betrayal was never forgave by his friends D His betrayal never forgave by his friends I am sure we’ll settle the matter easily
A.I’m sure the matter will settle easily B.I’m sure the matter will be settled easily C.I’m sure the matter will settled easily D I’m sure the matter won’t be settled easily They speak much about this book
(41)D This book are much spoken about Have they tested all the machines?
A.Have all the machines be tested? B.Have all the machines been testing? C.Have all the machines been tested?
D Have all the machines been being testing? Does he realize that they are laughing at him?
A.Is he realized that he is laughing at? B.Is he realized that he is being laughed at? C.Does he realize that he is laughing at? D Does he realize that he is being laughed at? The manager offers me several jobs
A.I was offers several jobs B.I am offered several jobs C.Several jobs are offered to me D B and C are correct
10 We found that they had cancelled the soccer match A.We found that the soccer match had been cancelled B.The soccer match had been cancelled
C.The soccer match was found that had been cancelled D The soccer match was found to have been cancelled by us 11 Mary is cutting a cake with a sharp knife
A.A cake is being cut with a sharp knife by Mary B.A sharp knife is cutting a cake and Mary C.Mary and a sharp knife are cutting a cake D Mary is cutting a sharp knife by a cake 12 “Did Shakespeare write this play?”
A.Did this play be written by Shakespeare? B.Was this play written by Shakespeare? C.This play was written by Shakespeare D Did this play Shakespeare write? 13 Which book the students love?
A.Which book are done love by the students? B.Which book is the students loved?
(42)14 How many slums are they going to clear? A.How many slums are being gone to clear? B.How many slums are being cleared? C.How many slums are going to clear? D How many slums are going to be cleared? 15 Who wrote the report on the air pollution?
A.By whom was the report on the air pollution written? B.Whom was the report written on the air pollution by? C.By whom was the report written on the air pollution? D All are correct
16 Who killed President John Kennedy?
A.By whom President John Kennedy was Killed? B.By whom was President John Kennedy Killed? C.By whom was killed President John Kennedy? D By whom killed President John Kennedy? 17 How many students are carrying the bookshelf?
A.By how many students are the bookshelf being carried? B.By how many students is the bookshelf being carried? C.By how many students is the bookshelf been carrying? D By how many students are the bookshelf be carrying? 18 People say that Mary is a good worker
A.Mary is said that she is a good worker B.Mary is said to be a good worker C.It is said to be a good worker
D Mary is said that to be a good worker
19 It is believed that the man escaped in a stolen car A.The man is believed to escaped in a stolen car B.The man is believed to have escaped in a stolen car C.The man is believed to escaped in a stolen car D They believed that the man stole the car
20 It was thought that the building had been destroyed A.The budding was thought had been destroyed B.The budding was thought to have been destroyed C.The building thought to be destroyed
D They have destroyed the building
(43)WEEK 2
2 She said that she (already, see) Dr Rice After taking a bath, he (go) to bed
4 He told me he (not/eat) such kind of food before
5 When he came to the stadium, the match (already/begin)
6 Yesterday, John (go) to the store before he (go) home She (win) the gold medal in 1986
8 Our teacher (tell) us yesterday that he (visit) England in 1970
9 Before I (watch) TV, I (do) my homework 10 After I (wash) my clothes, I (sleep)
Exercise 1: Listen and complete the text (Track 18)
Mr Huynh Van Loi from Can Tho, Viet Nam, a farmer who spent most his fife in the same small Mekong Delta district, has (1) good weather and bad, droughts and floods But this rear brought something he’d never seen
“The water is salty,” he said “I’ve been living here since my (2) but this is the first time we’ve had salty water All my crops were destroyed.”
The region’s worst (3) in 90 years, combined with rising sea levels and rampant development are causing a crisis in the Mekong Delta, known as Vietnam’s rice bowl The delta is home to 20 million people and accounts for more than half of Vietnam’s rice and fruit (4) 90% of its rice exports and 60% of fishery exports
A United Nations report released in March about the drought estimated that about 393,000 acres of rice in Vietnam was already lost, with an additional 1.2 million acres likely to be damaged Almost million people lack water for daily (5) The figures are alarming but could grow worse if weather extremes become more common in years to come
Exercise 2: Listen and decide the sentences (Track 19)
a A flood is land by water that is not usually covered by water
b A flood which causes severely damage or loss of life to or livestock is considered a significant flood
c Floods are among the most of natural disasters d Floods affect not only human life but also destroy
Exercise 3: Read and put the headings into the correct paragraphs.
Human and animal death Floods
Tsunami Landslides and
(44)Earthquakes can cause many other natural disasters once they strike, here are their names and a brief description of each:
1 – Are giant sea waves that are produced by the sudden violent movement of the earths plates of volcanoes under the water The time periods of these waves can last up to an hour, causing massive devastation as seen in Sri Lanka in 2004
2 – Fires can be caused when earthquakes damage electrical power stations or gas lines These fires can be impossible to stop sometimes In 1906 in San Francisco, fire caused by an earthquake killed more people than the earthquake itself
3 – Earthquakes can produce unstable slopes which can lead to the moving of the ground, which is called a landslide Landslides can cause severe damage after an earthquake occurs, for example it can crash down homes, cars of even people
4 – A flood is an overflow of water that reaches land This occurs when a lake, dam or river overflows due to the movement of land due to an earthquake or landslide Floods can have devastating effects on terrain, animal life and human life
5 Of course, earthquake can cause severe injury and loss of life for both humans and animals Properties can also suffer, and the collapse of buildings are expected when highly measured earthquakes occur The aftermath of an earthquake can cause disease and lack of basic necessities for people
Exercise 4: Read the text and decide T (true)/ F (false) for each statement. Natural disasters
The definition of natural disasters is any catastrophic event that is caused by nature or the natural processes of the earth The severity of a disaster is measured in lives lost, economic loss, and the ability of the population to rebuild Events that occur in unpopulated areas are not considered disasters So a flood on an uninhabited island would not count as a disaster, but a flood in a populated area is called a natural disaster
All natural disasters cause loss in some way Depending on the severity, lives can be lost in any number of disasters Falling buildings or trees, freezing to death, being washed away, or heat stroke are just some of the deadly effects Some disasters cause more loss of life than others, and population density affects the death count as well
(45)Population density area never faces disasters
A flood on an uninhabited island is counted as a disaster
Natural disaster is any catastrophic event that is caused by nature or the natural processes of the earth.1 T/F
Statements No.
Scientists, geologists, and storm watchers can prevent disasters completely
5 Areas that are not used to disasters may be affected in an extreme way when disasters come unexpectedly
Exercise 5: Look at the picture, answer the questions Then practise asking and answering questions in oral speech.
1 What is this natural disaster?
Where is the scene?
Does it often rain in this field?
Can the rice grow well without water?
What you see in the scene?
What are the effects of drought?
(46)Exercise 7: Turn these sentences into the passive voice (1) Somebody has taken my briefcase
She had finished her report soon
The mad dog bit the little boy
The police have arrested five suspects
The doctor ordered him to take a long rest
Lightning struck the house
A group of students have met their friend at the railway station
They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home
The teacher won’t correct exercise tomorrow
10 Marry has operated Tom since 10 o’clock
Exercise 8: Turn these sentences into the passive voice (2)
1 When will you the work?
How many days did she spend to finish the work?
How you spend this amount of money?
What books are people reading this year?
How did the police find the lost man?
Who looked after the children for you?
How long have they waited for the doctor?
(47)8 What time can the boys hand in their papers?
Why didn’t they help him?
10 Who are they keeping in the kitchen?
(48)WEEK 1
communication
breakdown n
/kəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən
ˈbreɪkdaʊn/
sự gián đoạn giao tiếp/ liên lạc COMMUNICATION
A THEORY: LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE
PRONUNCIATION ❶
Stress in words ending in -ity and -itive (Trọng âm từ có tận -¡ty -itive) Đối với từ có -¡ty -itive, trọng âm từ rơi vào âm tiết trước đuôi
Word ending in -ity Word ending in -itive
ability /əˈbɪlɪti/ addictive /əˈdɪktɪv/ acidity /əˈsɪdɪti/ insensitive /ɪnˈsentsɪtɪv/ activity /ækˈtɪvɪti/ emotive /ɪˈməʊtɪv/ visibility /vɪzɪˈbɪbɪti/ positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ VOCABULARY
❷
ENGLISH TYPE PRONUNCIATION VIETNAMESE
a lack of n /ə læk əv/ sự thiếu
among pre /əˈmʌŋ/ trong số
audience n /ˈɔːdiəns/ khán giả
battery n /ˈbætəri/ pin
body language n /ˈbɒdi ˈlỉŋɡwɪdʒ/ ngơn ngữ thể
brain n /breɪn/ bộ não
channel n /ˈtʃænəl/ kênh
colleague n /ˈkɒliːɡ/ đồng nghiệp
communicate v /kəmjuːnɪˈkeɪt/ giao tiếp
corridor n /ˈkɒrɪdɔːr/ hành lang
cyber world n /ˈsaɪbər wɜːld/ thế giới ảo
decade n /ˈdekeɪd/ thập kỷ
cultural difference n /ˈkʌltʃərəl ˈdɪfərəns/ sự khác biệt văn hóa Unit
(49)delay n, v /dɪˈleɪ/ trì hỗn digital world n /ˈdɪdʒɪtəl wɜːld/ thế giới số
disappear v /dɪsəˈpɪər/ biến mất
discussion group n /dɪˈskʌʃən ɡruːp/ nhóm thảo luận
explain v /ɪkˈspleɪn/ giải thích
express adj /ɪkˈspres/ nhanh, tốc độ cao
for ages phr v /fɔːr eɪdʒɪs/ lâu
function n /ˈfʌŋkʃən/ chức năng
glance v, n /ɡlɑːns ət/ cái nhìn lướt, nhìn lướt
glance at v /ɡlɑːns/ nhìn thống qua, liếc qua
graphic adj /ˈɡræfɪk/ đồ họa
holography n /hɒlˈɒɡrəfi/ phép chụp ảnh giao thoa laze
immediately adv /ɪˈmiːdiətli/ ngay lập tức
instantly adv /ˈɪnstəntli/ ngay lập tức
keep in touch v /kiːp ɪn tʌtʃ/ giữ liên lạc landline phone n /ˈlændlaɪn fəʊn / điện thoại cố định language barrier n /ˈlỉŋɡwɪdʒ ˈbỉriə/ rào cản ngơn ngữ leave a note v /liːv ə nəʊt/ để lại lời nhắn
meaningful adj /ˈmiːnɪŋfəl/ đầy ý nghĩa
meeting face-to-face n /ˈmiːtɪŋ feɪs tə feɪs/ họp mặt trực tiếp
mention v /ˈmenʃn/ nhắc đến
message board n /ˈmesɪdʒ bɔːd/ bảng tin
multimedia n /mʌltiˈmiːdiə/ đa phương tiện
network signal n /ˈnetwɜːk ˈsɪɡnəl/ tín hiệu mạng
non-verbally adj /nɒn ˈvɜːbəli/ phi ngôn ngữ
outside adv /aʊtˈsaɪd/ bên ngoài
oversleep v /əʊvəˈsliːp/ ngủ quên
penfriend project n /ˈpenfrend ˈprɒdʒekt/ dự án kết bạn qua thư
popular adj /ˈpɒpjʊlər/ phổ biến, tiếng
react to v /riˈækt tʊ/ phản ứng với
real time n /rɪəl taɪm/ thời gian thực
respect v /rɪˈspekt/ tôn trọng
separation n /sepərˈeɪfən/ sự chia cách
(50)shrug v /ʃrʌg/ nhún vai
specific adj/spəˈsɪfɪk/ đặc trưng, đặc biệt
three-dimensional
image n /θriː daɪˈmenʃənəl ˈɪmɪdʒ/hình ảnh chiều transmission n /trỉnzˈmɪʃən/ truyền, phát
visible adj/ˈvɪzəbl/ nhìn thấy
Câu khẳng định: Câu phủ định: Câu hỏi:
S + will/shall + be + V-ing
S + will/shall + not + be + V-ing Will/Shall + S + be + V-ing ?
show up v /ʃəʊ ʌp/ xuất hiện
social media n /ˈsəʊʃəl ˈmiːdiə/ truyền thông đại chúng
telepathy n /təˈlepəθi/ thần giao cách cảm
touchscreen n /ˈtʌtʃ skriːn/ màn hình cảm ứng
video conference n /ˈvɪdiəʊ ˈkɒnfərəns/ họp qua video
voice call n /vɔɪs kɔːl/ cuộc gọi thoại
GRAMMAR ❸
1 Future continuous
Cách thành lập
1.2 Cách sử dụng
Thì tương lai tiếp diễn dùng để diễn tả hành động diễn thời điểm khoảng thời gian tương lai
Ví dụ:
This time next week I will be playing tennis Tôi chơi tennis vào thời điểm tuần tới. We’ll be working hard all day tomorrow
Chúng làm việc chăm suốt ngày mai.
2 Verb + to verb
CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ CẤU TRÚC: VERB + TO VERB
ĐỘNG TỪ Ý NGHĨA ĐỘNG TỪ Ý NGHĨA ĐỘNG TỪ Ý NGHĨA
afford có thể, đủ care quan tâm demand yêu cầu
agree đồng ý cease dừng lại desire mong muốn
arrange sắp xếp choose lựa chọn expect mong đợi
ask hỏi claim đòi hỏi fail thất bại
attempt cố gắng continue tiếp tục fear sợ hãi bear chịu đựng decide quyết định forget quên
(51)begin bắt đầu determine quyết tâm prepare chuẩn bị
hesitate do dự mean ý định promise hứa
hope hi vọng need cần propose đề xuất
intend dự định neglect không ý refuse từ chối
learn học offer biếu, tặng regret hối tiếc
like thích omit bỏ sót start bắt đầu
long mong ước plan dự định prefer thích hơn
hate ghét love yêu seem dường như
manage tự xoay xở pretend giả vờ
Ví dụ:
I agree to lend you money Tôi đồng ý cho bạn mượn tiền.
My mother decides to buy a new table Mẹ định mua bàn mới.
B PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Choose the word that has the different stress from the others. A literature B ability C ordinary D vegetable A sensitive B banana C adventure D important A identical B technology C capability D relationship A harmony B basketball C pineapple D insensitive A business B activity C Wednesday D happiness A information B celebration C infinitive D independence A adaptability B perfection C abortion D depression A remember B positive C example D tomorrow A aquarium B intelligence C eternity D possibility 10 A character B chocolate C prohibitive D masculine Exercise 2: Mark the stress position of the words Number is an example
for you.
Words Words
1 abnorˈmality 2. acceptability 3. competitive 4. primitive
6 repetitive inactivity cognitive definitive
5 authority 10 morality
Exercise 3: Match the word/ phrase with the correct definition.
(52)1 audience A The difficulties in communication among people speaking different languages
2 body language B websites and software programs used for social networking
3 colleague C the group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to something (a play, concert, somebody speaking, etc.)
4 corridor D a screen on a computer, tablet, etc which allows you to give instructions to the computer by touching areas on it
5 visible E the process of communicating what you are feeling or thinking by the way you place and move your body rather than by words
6 video conference F a long narrow passage in a building, with doors that open into rooms on either side
7 language barrier G the use of several different ways of giving information or several different materials
8 touch screen H a conference in which participants in different locations are able to communicate with each other in sound and vision
9 multimedia I a person that you work with, especially in a profession or a business
10 social media J that can be seen Your answer:
1 10 Exercise 4: Complete the sentences with available words/ phrases.
kept in touch function landline phone channel meeting face-to-face cultural difference a lack of explain glance delay
1 I am going to the market now There is a food for the dinner tonight
2 Please change to VTV3 I don’t like this program
(53)4 You will be fined 10 USD for your in shipment Please this word I don’t understand it clearly This button’s is turning off the TV
7 The girl over there has just taken a at you My friend Jolie and I have since we were little
9 is not much used today Mobile phone is preferred as it is more convenient
10 This weekend our group will organize a Exercise 5: Choose the correct answers.
1 He was heard shout
A.to B of C by D at
2 This student expected the first winner of the Grand Prix
A.be B being C to be D will be
3 I told her about her wedding; everything will be OK
A.don’t worry B not to worry C no worry D not worry She him when he called her
A.pretended not hear B pretended she heard not C pretended not to hear D did not pretend hear The doctor advised late
A me not staying up B me not stay up C me not to stay up D I did not stay up The school superintendent told me
A.hurrying up B to hurry up C hurry up D hurried up Mr Brown told the schoolgirls in class
A.don’t ear B not to eat C eat not D not eat
8 The young teachers wanted a Foreign Language Teaching workshop in Ho Chi Minh City
A.to be holding B should hold C to be held D to hold 9.able to take part in the international math contest two years from now,
Son works very hard in his math class
A.In order to be B Being C Been D So that he be 10 Try so many mistakes
A not to make B not make C to make not D make not Exercise 6: Complete the sentence with to + V.
go touch see lock speak
explain arrive meet smoke distinguish
(54)2 He is expected in a few days
3 I would like him to a university but I can’t make him go I arranged them there
5 He warned her the wire
6 Don’t forget the door before 10:00 My father told me not to anyone about it He tried but she refused to listen
9 He decided himself by dressing as a woman 10 My mother doesn’t allow my father at all Exercise 7: Decide if each sentence is true ( ) or false ().
1 I can’t imagine Peter to go by bike
He agreed to buy a new car
The question is easy to answer
The man asked me how to get to the airport
I look forward to see you at the weekend
Are you thinking to visit London?
We decided to run through the forest
The teacher expected Sarah to study hard
She doesn’t mind to work the night shift
10 I learned to ride the bike at the age of
11 I hope to graduate from college next June
12 The models practiced to walk with a book balanced on their heads
13 Mandy has promised to take care of our dog while we are on vacation
(55)14 Mr Edwards chose to accept the management position in Chicago rather than the position in Miami
15 I don’t know what she wants to tonight Why don’t you ask her?
Exercise 8: Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets
1 Before (give) evidence you must swear (speak) the truth His doctor advised him (give up) his job
3 My family decided (have) a holiday in Hoi An last week
4 Some people seem (have) passion for (write) to the newspaper I tried (explain) to him but he refused (listen) and went
on (grumble)
6 Would you like (go) (fish) with me this afternoon? She has something (tell) you
8 My mother had her hair (do) once a month
9 I know my hair needs (cut) but I never have time (go) to the hairdresser’s
10 It took me three days (find) out the old photograph
Exercise 9: Put the verbs in brackets into the Future continuous tense. This time next year I (live) in London
2 At p.m tonight I (eat) dinner with my family
3 They (run) for about four hours Marathons are incredibly difficult! Unfortunately, I (work) on my essay so I won’t be able to
watch the match
5 She (study) at the library tonight
6 (you/wait) at the station when she arrives?
7 I (drink) at the pub while you are taking your exam! (she/visit) her Grandmother again this week? At p.m I (watch) that movie on channel four
10 (they/attend) your concert next Friday? It would be lovely to see them
11 When they come tomorrow, we (not swim) in the sea 12 They are staying at the hotel in London At this time tomorrow, they (travel)
in Vietnam
13 (you parents/ visit) Europe at this time next week?
(56)WEEK 2
15 Daisy (not/ sit) on the plane at a.m tomorrow Exercise 10: Choose the best option to complete the sentence.
1 What a mess! We up here for hours
A.will clear B will be cleaning
2 Next Saturday at this time, we on the beach in Mexico
A.will relax B will be relaxing
3 You your homework before you go out tonight
A.will finish B will be finishing
4 If you need help finding a new job, I you
A.will be helping B will help
5 If you need to reach us, we at the Fairmont Hotel that time
A.will stay B will be staying
6 We you as soon as we arrive in Paris
A.will call B will be calling
7 You yourselves in the Caribbean, while we’re stuck here in New York with this cold weather!
A.will be enjoying B will enjoying
8 Susan credit card payments until her debt is all paid off
A.will be making B will make
9 Please leave the dishes I them tomorrow
A.will be doing B will
10 While you’re in the kitchen preparing snacks, Jim and Jeff the Super Bowl
A.will watch B will be watching
Exercise 1: Listen and complete the text (Track 20)
1 The telephone, email, mobile phone, Skype and are new tools of communication today
2 Human consists of 93% body language and paralinguistic cues Travelling to meet a or shows them that they’re worth
your time and money
4 In a survey by Forbes that spoke to 760 executives, 84% preferred face to face communication
(57)2 Travel and meeting budgets were the first to get cut back because of the recession
Exercise 2: Listen again and write T (true) or F (false) for each statement. The author thinks that facebook is the best way to communicate
3 Body language speaks a lot louder than words
5 58% said their reason was that it builds stronger, more meaningful business relationships
Exercise 3: Put the headings for each paragraph.
✓ Easy and instant communication
✓ Real-time news and information discovery
✓ Great opportunities for business owners
✓ General fun and enjoyment
✓ Ability to connect to other people all over the world PROS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING
1
One of the most obvious pros of using social networks is the ability to Instantly reach people from anywhere Use Facebook to stay in touch with your old high school friends who’ve relocated all over the country get on Google+ with relatives who live halfway around the world, or meet brand new people on Twitter from cities or regions you’ve never even heard of before
2
Now that we’re connected wherever we go, we don’t have to rely on our landlines, answering machines or snail mail to contact somebody We can simply open up our laptops or pick up our smartphones and immediately start communicating with anyone on platforms like Twitter or one of the many social messaging apps available
3
Gone are the days of waiting around for the six o’clock news to come on TV or for the delivery boy to bring the newspaper in the morning If you want to know what’s going on in the world, all you need to is jump on social media An added bonus is that you can customize your news and information discovery experiences by choosing to follow exactly what you want
4
Business owners and other types of professional organizations can connect with current customers, sell their products and expand their reach using social media There are actually lots of entrepreneurs and businesses out there that thrive almost entirely on social networks and wouldn’t even be able to operate without it
No. Statements T/F
(58)5
You have to admit that social networking is just plain fun sometimes A lot of people turn to it when they catch a break at work or just want to relax at home Since people are naturally social creatures, it’s often quite satisfying to see comments and likes show up on our own posts, and it’s convenient to be able to see exactly what our friends are up to without having to ask them directly
Exercise 4: Read the passage and fill in the blank with the words in the box. problems social responsibilities distracted followers
pressure privacy attention overwhelmed geographical CONS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING
Information overwhelm With so many people now on social media tweeting links and posting selfies and sharing YouTube videos, it sure can get pretty noisy Becoming (1) by too many Facebook friends to keep up with or too many Instagram photos to browse through isn’t all that uncommon Over time, we tend to rack up a lot of friends and (2) , and that can lead to lots of bloated news feeds with too much content we’re not all that interested in
Privacy issues With so much sharing going on, issues over (3) will always be a big concern Whether it’s a question of social sites owning your content after it’s posted, becoming a target after sharing your (4) location online, or even getting in trouble at work after tweeting something inappropriate – sharing too much with the public can open up all sorts of (5) that sometimes can’t ever be undone
Social peer pressure and cyber bullying For people struggling to fit in with their peers - especially teens and young adults – the (6) to certain things or act a certain way can be even worse on (7) media than it is at school or any other offline setting
Distraction and procrastination How often you see someone look at their phone? People get (8) by all the social apps and news and messages they receive, leading to all sorts of problems like distracted driving or the lack of gaining someone’s full (9) during a conversation Browsing social media can also feed procrastination habits and become something people turn to in order to avoid certain tasks or (10)
(59)1 How many children are there in the photos?
What are they doing?
What are the three persons on the right doing?
What are the two persons on the left doing?
Should these children use these devices too much? Why or why not?
Exercise 6: Describe the picture in front of the class (oral presentation) Exercise 7: Have you ever sent an email? Look at the email below and put
these parts (a, b, c, d, e, f) into the correct places. a Please find my homework in attached file in this email
b My name is Ngoc Lan I’m your student from class 8E c Thank you very much
d Homework – Tuesday the 10 of December 2017 e Best regards,
f Dear teacher
Thư _
To info@123doc.org
CC
Subject (1)
Attachment Ngoc Lan – Homework the 10 of December 2017 (2)
(3) (4) (5) (6)
Exercise 8: Write a short email to your teacher to submit your homework.
Thư _
To info@123doc.org
CC
Subject (1)
(60)(61)WEEK 1
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
A THEORY: LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE
PRONUNCIATION ❶
Stress in words starting with un- and im- (Trọng âm từ bắt đầu tiền tố un- im-.)
Đối với từ có tiền tố un- im- mở đầu, trọng âm từ không thay đổi so với trọng âm từ gốc
Tiền tố
un-Root word Word with prefix –un
able /ˈeɪbl/ unable /ʌnˈeɪbl/
lucky /ˈlʌki/ unlucky /ʌnˈlʌki/
limited /ˈlɪmɪtɪd/ unlimited /ʌnˈlɪmɪtɪd/ natural /ˈnætʃərəl/ unnatural /ʌnˈnætʃərəl/
Tiền tố
im-Root word Word with prefix –im
possible /ˈpɒsɪbl/ impossible /ɪmˈpɒsɪbl/ polite /pəˈlaɪt/ impolite /ɪmpəˈlaɪt/ patient /ˈpeɪʃənt/ impatient /ɪmˈpeɪʃənt/
pure /ˈpjʊər/ impure /ɪmˈpjʊər/
VOCABULARY ❷
ENGLISH TYP
E
PRONUNCIATION VIETNAMESE
admire v /ədˈmaɪər/ ngưỡng mộ, khâm phục
anti-ageing pill n /ˈỉnti ˈeɪdʒɪŋ pɪl/ thuốc chống lão hóa archaeologist n /ɑːkiˈɒlədʒɪst/ nhà khảo cổ
aspect n /ˈỉspekt/ khía cạnh
benefit n, v /ˈbenɪfɪt/ lợi ích
(62)(63)borrow v /ˈbɒrəʊ/ mượn
by chance adv /baɪ tʃɑːns/ tình cờ
chemist n /ˈkemɪst/ nhà hóa học
code n /kəʊd/ mã, mật mã
conservationist n /kɒnsərˈveɪʃənɪst/ nhà bảo tồn
crop n /krɒp/ mùa vụ
deaf-mute n /def ˈmjuːt/ câm-điếc
decade n /ˈdekeɪd/ thập kỉ
development n /dɪˈveləpmənt/ sự phát triển
device n /dɪˈvaɪs/ thiết bị
disease n /dɪˈziːz/ bệnh tật
drawback v /ˈdrɔːbæk/ hạn chế, bất lợi
economic adj /iːkəˈnɒmɪk/ (thuộc) kinh tế
economy n /iˈkɒnəmi/ nền kinh tế
education n /edʒuˈkeɪʃən/ giáo dục
enormous adj /ɪˈnɔːməs/ to lớn
equipment n /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ thiết bị, đồ trang bị
experiment n /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ thí nghiệm
factory n /ˈfỉktəri/ nhà máy
field n /fiːld/ lĩnh vực
flying car n /ˈflaɪɪŋ kɑːr/ ô tô bay
home life n /ˈhəʊm laɪf/ cuộc sống gia đình
identify v /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ xác định
improve v /ɪmˈpruːv/ cải thiện, nâng cao
inactive adj /ɪnˈỉktɪv/ bất động, khơng hoạt động
invention n /ɪnˈvenʃən/ sự phát minh
inventor n /ɪnˈventər/ nhà phát minh
light bulb n /laɪt bʌlb/ bóng đèn
major adj /ˈmeɪdʒər/ lớn, nhiều, chủ yếu
(64)mostly adv /ˈməʊstli/ hầu hết, chủ yếu nuclear energy n /ˈnuːklɪər ˈenədʒi/ năng lượng nguyên tử nutrition pill n /njuˈtrɪʃən pɪl/ thuốc dinh dưỡng
ordinary adj /ˈɔːdənəri/ thơng thường
organise v /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/ tổ chức, bố trí
patent n, adj /ˈpỉtənt/ bằng sáng chế, có sáng chế
physicist n /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/ nhà vật lý
prediction n /prɪˈdɪkʃən/ sự tiên đoán
put online v /pʊt ɒnˈlaɪn/ đưa lên mạng trực tuyến
reality n /riˈæləti/ thực tế
record player n /riˈkɔːd ˈpleɪər/ máy ghi âm regular mail n /ˈreɡjʊlər meɪl/ thư thông thường
replace v /rɪˈpleɪs/ thay thế
researcher n /rɪˈsɜːtʃər/ nhà nghiên cứu
resources n /rɪˈsɔːsɪs/ tài nguyên
responsible adj /rɪˈspɒntsəbl/ chịu trách nhiệm
satellite n /ˈsætəlaɪt/ vệ tinh
science n /ˈsaɪəns/ khoa học
scientific progress n /saɪənˈtɪfɪk ˈprəʊɡres/ sự tiến khoa học software developer n /ˈsɒftweər dɪˈveləpər/ nhà phát triển phần mềm solar window n /ˈsəʊlər ˈwɪndəʊ/ cửa sổ lượng Mặt Trời
solve v /sɒlv/ giải quyết
spaceship n /ˈspeɪsʃɪp/ tàu không gian
success n /səkˈses/ sự thành công
support v /səˈpɔːt/ hỗ trợ
take place v /teɪk pleɪs/ xảy ra, diễn ra
traffic jam n /ˈtrỉfɪk dʒỉm/ sự tắc nghẽn giao thơng
transform v /trænsˈfɔːm/ thay đổi, biến đổi
underground n /ʌndəˈɡraʊnd/ ngầm, bên dưới
unemployment n /ʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ sự thất nghiệp
website n /ˈwebsaɪt/ trang web
without pre /wɪˈðaʊt/ mà không, thiếu
(65)GRAMMAR ❸
1 Future tenses (Các tương lai)
Trong tiếng Anh có tương lai: Tương lai đơn, tương lai tiếp diễn, tương lai hoàn thành, tương lai hồn thành tiếp diễn Dưới bảng tóm tắt tương lai
FUTURE
SIMPLE TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
TƯƠNG LAI TIẾP DIỄN CẤU TRÚC Khẳng định: Phủ định: Nghi vấn:
S + will/shall + V S + will/shall + not + V Will/Shall + S + V?
S + will/shall + be + V-ing S + will/shall + not + be + V-ing Will/Shall + S + be + V-ing?
CÁCH DÙNG:
1. Diễn tả hành động xảy trong tương lai.
Ví dụ:
I will call you tomorrow
Diễn diễn tả hành động sẽ đang diễn thời điểm hay một khoảng thời gian tương lai.
Ví dụ:
This time next week I will be playing tennis
We’ll be working hard all day tomorrow
2. Một định đưa vào lúc nói. Ví dụ:
It’s cold I’ll shut the window 3. Một tâm, lời hứa, đề nghị,
yêu cầu. Ví dụ:
I will lend you the money
4. Một tiên đốn, dự báo tương lai.
Ví dụ:
People will travel to Mars one day
Dấu hiệu
nhận biết:
Tomorrow, tonight, next week/ month/ year/ some day/ in the future,
FUTURE PERFECT
TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH
FUTURE PERFECT
(66)S + is/am/are + going to + V CẤU TRÚC
Khẳng định: Phủ định: Nghi vấn:
S + will/shall + have + PP S + will/shall + not + have + PP Will/Shall + S + have + PP?
S + will/shall + have + been + V-ing S + will/shall + not + have + been + V-ing Will/Shall + S + have + been + V-ing? CÁCH
DÙNG:
1. Diễn tả hành động sẽ Thì tương lai hồn thành tiếp diễn dùng hồn tất trước thời điểm
trong tương lai.
để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục hành động so với thời điểm hoặc hành động khác tương lai.
Ví dụ: Ví dụ:
It’s now p.m I will have finished teaching this class by 8.30
By next month, he will have been working in the office for ten years When George gets his degree, he will have been studying at Oxford for four years
2. Diễn tả hành động hoàn tất trước hành động khác trong tương lai.
Ví dụ:
By the time you come back, I will have written this letter
Dấu hiệu
nhận biết:
By + time (By then, By the time, By the end of this week/month/year)
NEAR FUTURE (TƯƠNG LAI GẦN)
a Cấu trúc
Ví dụ:
We are going to buy a new house
b Cách dùng
Tương lai gần dùng để nói dự định dược thực tương lai định sẵn có
Ví dụ:
(67)Tương lai gần dùng để đưa dự đoán tương lai dựa việc tại.
Ví dụ:
Look at the dark clouds! It’s going to rain Nhìn bầu trời kìa! Trời mưa rồi.
2 Reported speech (statements)
Động từ tường thuật tương lai:
Nếu động từ tường thuật tương lai, ta đổi sau: a Đổi thứ phù hợp với chủ từ mệnh đề
b Đổi thứ hai phù hợp với túc từ mệnh đề c Ngơi thứ ba khơng đổi
Ví dụ:
He says to me, “I and you will go with her father tomorrow.” He tells me (that) he and I will go with her father tomorrow
* Chú ý: say to tell
Động từ tường thuật khứ:
Nếu động từ tường thuật khứ, ta đổi ba yếu tố ngơi, động từ trạng từ thời gian nơi chốn
a.Ngôi (Như trên)
b.Thì động từ:
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
Hiện đơn Quá khứ đơn
Hiện tiếp diễn Quá khứ tiếp diễn
Hiện hoàn thành Quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ hoàn thành
Quá khứ tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Tương lai đơn: will/ shall would/ should
(can/ must/ may) (could/ had to/ might)
c Trạng từ thời gian nơi
chốn: today that day next week the week after tonight that night tomorrow the day after
now then this that
ago before these those
yesterday the day before here there last week the week before
Ví dụ:
She said to me, “I met your sister yesterday.”
She told me that she had met my sister the day before
(68)Động từ tường thuật thường said/told
Ví dụ:
He said, “I have seen her today.”
He said (that) he had seen her that day
Ví dụ:
The teacher said to Tom, “The prize was not given to you.” The teacher told Tom (that) the prize had not been given to him
* Chú ý : said to told
B PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Choose the word which has different stress position from the others.
1 A government B unbelievable C different D helicopter A strawberry B innocent C unique D slavery A imitate B aquarium C professional D infinity A positive B miracle C wonderful D imperfect A unconscious B century C chemical D dinosaur A equality B invisible C immobility D alternative A stadium B undefined C serious D punishment A imaginative B imbalance C impassive D immigrant A unacceptable B unachievable C imply D uncontrollable 10 A cleanliness B opposite C friendship D unconfirmed Exercise 2: Mark the stress position of the words Number is example for
you.
No. Words Opt. Phonetic transcription
1 unˈable unite
2 impact (noun) imitate
3 impairment unattainable
4 unification impersonality
5 uniform 10 impolite
Exercise 3: Put the correct words under the pictures.
regular mail education home fife medical care
(69)1
5 Exercise 4: Look at the pictures and guess the words The first letter is a
hint for you.
1 c_ _ _ _ _ _ a_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ c_ _ _ c_ _ _
5 f_ _ _ _ _ c_ _ l_ _ _ _ b_ _ _ r_ _ _ _ _ p_ _ _ _ _ s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Exercise 5: Put the verbs in brackets: Future simple or near future.
1 I love London I (probably/ go) there next year What (wear/ you) at the party tonight?
3 I haven’t made up my mind yet But I think I (find) something nice in my mum’s wardrobe
4 I completely forget about this Give me a moment, I (do) it now Tonight, I (stay) home I’ve rented a video
6 I feel dreadful I (be) sick
7 If you have any problems, I (help) you
8 The weather forecast says it (not/ rain) tomorrow I promise that I (not/ come) late
10 Look at those clouds It (rain) now
Exercise 6: Put the verbs in brackets: Future simple or future continuous. I (stay) here until he answers me
2 She (not/come) until you are ready
(70)6 We(wait) for you when you get back tomorrow What you (do) at p.m next Sunday?
8 When I see Mr Pike tomorrow, I (remind) him of that When you come today, I (work) at my desk in Room 12 10 At this time next week, my friend Jolie and I (lie) on the beach Exercise 7: Put the verbs in brackets: Future continuous or future perfect. Don’t phone between and (we/have) dinner then
2 Phone me after o’clock (we/finish) dinner by then Tomorrow afternoon we’re going to play tennis from o’clock until 4.30 So at
o’clock, (we/play) tennis A: Can we meet tomorrow?
B: Yes, but not in the afternoon (I/work)
5 B has to go to a meeting which begins at 10 o’clock It will last about an hour A: Will you be free at 11.30?
B: Yes, (the meeting/end) by then
6 Ben is on holiday and he is spending his money very quickly If he continues like this, (he/spend) all his money before the end of his holiday
7 Do you think (you/still/do) the same job in ten years’ time? Lisa is from New Zealand She is travelling around Europe at the moment So far she
has travelled about 1,000 miles By the end of the trip, (she/travel) more than 3,000 miles
9 If you need to contact me, (l/stay) at the Lion Hotel until Friday 10 A: (you/see) Luna tomorrow?
B.Yes, probably Why?
A: I borrowed this CD from her Can you give it back to her?
Exercise 8: Put the verbs in brackets: Future perfect or future perfect continuous.
1 I hope it (stop) working by o’clock this afternoon By next month I (leave) for India
3 The film (end) by the time we get there They (build) a house by June next year
5 I’m sure they (complete) the new road by September In two years from now, the contract (come) to an end
7 By the end of December, John (work) as a reporter for ten years By the time you arrive, I (finish) writing an essay
(71)Exercise 9: Write reported speech (1)
1 Nam said “I am told to be at school before o’clock”
Thu said “All the students will have a meeting next week”
Phong said “My parents are very proud of my good marks”
The teacher said “All the homework must be done carefully”
Her father said to her “You can go to the movie with your friend”
Hoa said “I may visit my parents in the summer”
The teacher said “We can collect old book for the poor students”
She said “She doesn’t buy this book”
The boys said “We have to try our best to win the match”
10 Her classmate said “Lan is the most intelligent girl in our class”
Exercise 10: Write reported speech (2)
1 They told us “Our friends will get the award for their highest scores”
He said “I will go to school by bus tomorrow”
Phong said “I need to learn more vocabulary”
His brother told him “You can use my computer today”
Mai said “I cannot go to the movies with you, Nam”
She said: “I went to visit my brother last Saturday”
They told me: “I have rented a car, and we will pick you up at 06:00 tomorrow”
(72)WEEK 2
4 Road signs are read by cameras, and satellite navigation systems are used
8 He said: “My brother and I are leaving here”
She said to John: “I think you should not use your bicycle anymore, it is too
old.” 10 My teacher said; “The earth goes round the sun”
Exercise 1: Listen and complete the sentences (Track 21)
1 Computer-driven cars will soon be filling roads in the near future Google and Tesla have been and testing driverless cars
3 The cars have sensors all around which can detect other cars and in the road
4 There are many of driverless cars There would be many legal to be made
Exercise 2: Listen again and write T (true) or F (false) for each statement. Driverless cars never run alongside human-driven cars on the road in
the near future
2 Sensors on the wheels of driverless cars can help when parking When using driverless cars, all you have to is type in the address
5 Computers would have no difficulties making ethical decisions Exercise 3: Read and complete the text with the words in the box.
blender efficient people printers
scientists popular favourite environment
3D PRINTING
3D printing is becoming more and more (1) We are now able to print things such as clothing, prosthetic limbs, musical instruments and prototype cars People and businesses are able to create the things they need very quickly and easily using 3D (2)
(73)But can you imagine printing food? Some (3) are trying to revolutionise the dining experience by doing this They hope that having a 3D printer in the kitchen will become as commonplace as the microwave or (4) Scientists say that they are easy to use: you simply have to select a recipe and put the raw food ‘inks’ into the printer You can also modify the instructions to make the food exactly how you want it This means that it would be very quick and easy to create tasty and nutritious meals Using 3D printers to create your meals would also be saving the (5) There would be less need for traditional growing, transporting and packagingprocesses as food production would be a lot more (6) For example, alternative ingredients such as proteins from algae, beetroot leaves and insects could be converted into tasty products!
Printing food could also help (7) who suffer from dysphasia (a swallowing disorder) They could program the printer to print softer versions of their (8) foods so that they would not have trouble swallowing them
Exercise 4: Read the text and decide T (true)/ F (false) for each statement. WHAT WOULD YOUR LIFE BE LIKE WITHOUT A PHONE?
It is true that everything works at a fast pace these days, due to the quick access we have to pretty much anything and anyone For example, you can contact someone who lives on the other side of the world within seconds This is great if you think about how connected we can stay to the people who are far away from us; however, on the contrary, can we be too connected to the people who are close to us? An argument arose about the fact that it is easier to message someone from your sofa than to meet them in person and talk On one hand, it is easier and nice sometimes to casually chat to a friend this way However, it is also lazier and rude to prefer to talk to someone on your phone rather than meeting up, if you are able to, in my opinion Social skills are important to have and if you are not going to put effort into real-life communication, then you are not going to progress in this ability
Another point was that phones are very handy to look up something that you are wondering about For example, if you don’t know a word in another language, you can quickly and simply access a translator to help you out This can be very helpful in many situations, but it can also make a person dependent on the internet to help with anything This factor slightly takes away the diversity of learning a language and conversing with people, as you are able to access everything you need via the web
All in all, this question is very interesting to consider for oneself as we become day by day more dependent on technology We should just be aware of how much we really need to be connected via our phones while considering the benefits and damage it can cause us
1 Everything works at a slow pace nowadays
2 We contact someone who lives very fat from us within seconds Phones may make us lazier and ruder in some way
(74)4 Phones are very inconvenient to look up something that you are wondering about
5 We can team a language with a smartphone
Exercise 5: Look at the picture, answer the questions Then practise asking and answering questions in oral speech.
1 Where is the scene?
How many people are there?
What are their jobs?
What are they doing?
What would you like to be in the future?
Would you like to be a scientist? Why or why not?
Exercise 6: Describe the picture in front of the class (oral presentation) Exercise 7: Change these sentences into reported speech (1)
1 “I don’t like chocolate”
She told me “I won’t see you tomorrow”
She said “She’s living in Paris for a few months”
She said “I visited my parents at the weekend”
(75)5 “She hasn’t eaten sushi before”
She told me “I hadn’t travelled by underground before I came to London”
She said “They would help if they could”
She said “I’II the washing-up later”
She told me “He could read when he was three”
She said 10 “I was sleeping when Julie called”
She said Exercise 8: Change these sentences into reported speech (2)
1 “Do you live in London?”
She asked me “Did he arrive on time?”
She asked me “Have you been to Paris?”
She asked me “Can you help me?”
She asked me “Are you working tonight?”
She asked me “What are you going to at the weekend?”
She asked me “Where will you live after graduation?”
She asked me “What were you doing when I saw you?”
She asked me “How was the journey?”
She asked me 10 “How often you go to the cinema”
(76)WEEK 1
LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS
A THEORY: LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE
PRONUNCIATION ❶
Stress in words ending in -ful and -less (Trọng âm từ có -ful -less.) Khi ta thêm đuôi -ful -less vào danh từ hay động từ để thành lập tính từ, trọng âm từ không thay đổi so với từ gốc
Từ có kết thúc -ful
Root words Word ending in -ful
harm /hɑːm/ harmful /hɑːmfəl/
beauty /ˈbjuːti/ beautiful /ˈbjuːtifəl/
care /keə/ careful /keəfəl/
doubt /daʊt/ doubtful /daʊtfəl/
Từ có kết thúc -less
Root words Word ending in -less
air /ˈeə/ airless /ˈeələs/
job /dʒɒb/ jobless /dʒɒbləs/
help /help/ helpless /helpləs/
water /ˈwɔːtər/ waterless /ˈwɔːtərləs/
VOCABULARY ❷
ENGLISH TYPE PRONUNCIATION VIETNAMESE
administration n /ədmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn/ sự quản lý
aeronautic adj /eərəˈnɔːtɪk/ thuộc hàng khơng
alien n /ˈeɪliən/ người ngồi hành tinh
astronaut n /ˈæstrənɔːt/ phi hành gia
captain n /ˈkæptɪn/ thuyền trưởng
crew n /kruː/ thủy thủ, phi hành đoàn
dangerous adj /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/ nguy hiểm
darkness n /ˈdɑːknəs/ bóng đêm Unit
(77)daytime n /ˈdeɪtaɪm/ ban ngày
essential adj /ɪˈsenʃl/ cần thiết, thiết yếu
existence n /ɪɡˈzɪstəns/ sự tồn tại
exploration n /ekspləˈreɪʃn/ sự khám phá
far-sighted adj /fɑːr-saɪtɪd/ viễn thị
galaxy n /ˈɡæləksi/ dãi Ngân hà
grassy area n /ˈɡrɑːsi ˈeəriə/ vùng nhiều cỏ
helicopter n /ˈhelɪkɒptər/ máy bay trực thăng
human being n /ˈhjuːmənˈbiːɪŋ/ con người
human life n /ˈhjuːmən laɪf/ cuộc sống loài người
illness n /ˈɪlnəs/ bệnh tật
imaginary adj /ɪˈmædʒɪnəri/ tưởng tượng, hoang tưởng
incident n /ˈɪnsɪdənt/ việc xảy ra, việc rắc rối
incredible adj /ɪnˈkredɪbl/ khơng thể tin được
inhabitant n /ɪnˈhỉbɪtənt/ cư dân
journey n /ˈdʒɜːni/ hành trinh
Jupiter n /ˈdʒuːpɪtər/ Sao Mộc
lack of v /læk əv/ thiếu
land n /lænd/ đất, vùng đất
launch v, n /lɔːntʃ/ phóng lên
lightning n /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ tia chớp
machine n /məˈʃiːn/ máy móc
Mars n /mɑːz/ Sao Hỏa
Mercury n /ˈmɜːkjʊri/ Sao Thủy
name after n /neɪm ˈɑːftər/ đặt theo tên của
Neptune n /ˈneptjuːn/ Sao Hải Vương
notable adj /ˈnəʊtəbl/ đáng ý, có tiếng
outer space n /ˈaʊtər speɪs/ ngoại tầng khơng gian
oxygen tank n /ˈɒksɪdʒən tỉŋk/ hình xy
particular adj /pəˈtɪkjələr/ đặc trưng
planet n /ˈplỉnɪt/ hành tình
reddish adj /ˈredɪʃ/ hơi đỏ
Roman god n /ˈrəʊmən gɒd/ vị thần La Mã
Saturn n /ˈsætən/ Sao Thổ
shiny adj /ˈʃaɪni/ sáng bóng
(78)solar system n /ˈsəʊlər ˈsɪstəm/ Hệ Mặt Trời
space buggy n /speɪs ˈbʌɡi/ xe Hỏa
step onto the Moon v /step ˈɒntu ðə muːn/ đặt chân lên Mặt Trăng
terrorist n /ˈterərɪst/ tên khủng bố
thunder n /ˈθʌndər/ sấm
UFO n /ˌjuː ef ˈəʊ/ vật thể bay không xác định
unimportant adj /ʌnɪmˈpɔːtənt/ không quan trọng
unsuitable adj /ʌnˈsuːtəbəl/ khơng thích hợp
Venus n /ˈviːnəs/ Sao Kim
waterless adj /ˈwɔːtəlcs/ không có nước
weather condition n /ˈweðər kənˈdɪʃən/ điều kiện thời tiết
weightless adj /ˈweɪtləs/ không trọng lượng
witness n /ˈwɪtnəs/ nhân chứng
GRAMMAR ❸
1 May and might
Khả xảy ra
Mức độ khả năng: hai từ nói khả việc, may có tính chắn might chút
Ví dụ:
l may go to Saigon tomorrow
She is a very busy, but I hope she might join us tomorrow Dùng may might để xin phép
Cả may might dùng để xin phép, might nhún nhường lịch may:
Ví dụ:
May I open the door?
I wonder if I might have a little more wine?
2 Reported speech (questions)
Trong này, chúng tơi trình bày phần câu gián tiếp áp dụng câu hỏi Đối với kiến thức khác câu tường thuật, em tham khảo Unit 11 để hiểu rõ
Câu hỏi:
Ta thường sử dụng động từ tường thuật thường asked/wondered/ wanted to know
(79)Chú ý:
Trật tự chủ ngữ động từ câu gián tiếp dạng khẳng định Không phải dạng nghi vấn
Các thay đổi ngơi, thì, trạng ngữ thời gian nơi chốn tương tư dạng câu gián tiếp học Unit 11
a Yes/ No question:
S + asked + (O) + if/ whether + S + V
Ví dụ 1:
She asked me, “Do you like her?” She asked me if l liked her
Ví dụ 2:
He said, “Can you speak English, Phong?” He asked Phong whether he could speak English
b Wh-question:
S + asked + (0) + Wh-question + S + V
Ví dụ 1:
He said, “What is her name?” He asked what her name was
Ví dụ 2:
She said to him, “Where you live?” She asked him where he lived
B PRACTICE Exercise 1:
Choose others.
the word which has different stress position from the
1 A cheerless B between C because D against A important B harmful C donate D support
3 A police B effect C homeless D provide
(80)Exercise 2: Mark the stress position of the words The first one is an example for you.
No. Words Opt. Phonetic transcription
1 ˈfruitful soundless
2 careless tireless
3 harmful useful
4 fruitless worthless
5 helpful 10 fearful
Exercise 3: Match the words with their definition.
No Term Opt Definition
1 astronaut a having or appearing to have no weight
2 dangerous b one of the independent groups of stars in the universe essential c when there is no light
4 galaxy d a person who has been trained for travelling in spacecraft
5 UFO e the act of travelling from one place to another, especially in a vehicle
6 darkness f describes a person, animal, thing or activity that could harm you
7 inhabitant g a person or animal that lives in a particular place weightless h when you search and find out about something journey i unidentified flying object: an object seen in the sky
which is thought to be a spacecraft from another planet 10 exploration j necessary; needed
Your answer:
1 10 Exercise 4: Put the correct words under the pictures.
grassy area launch solar system astronaut
UFO alien helicopter terrorist
daytime Roman God oxygen tank galaxy
(81)5
9 10 11 12 Exercise 5: Complete the sentences with given word/phrase.
may sign might have may earn may win might postpone May I see might sell might have got might cook may I go
1 There are lots of excellent football players in this team I think they the match
2 We this house and move to the countryside Mum, to the school party?
4 Mr Hung, you here or at the end of the contract The owner lots of money from this supermarket She some problems with her family now
7 There is likelihood that we the meeting My husband and I dinner tonight
9 If you studied harder, you a better grade on the test 10 Mr John, please?
Exercise 6: Point out function of may and might in the following sentences; PO = Possibility; AP = asking for permission; PE = Permission. I may go home early if I am tired
2 May I go now?
3 He might visit Italy next June I may not have time to it today May I borrow your car tomorrow? You may not borrow the car until you can be more careful with it You may go on a trip with your friends if you get high marks in the
next tests
(82)10 jack may be coming to see us tomorrow Exercise 7: Complete the sentence with: can/ may/ might
1 speak French well I help you?
3 The Queen visit tomorrow I close the door?
5 I go on holiday to Spain I drive
7.I eat the last apple?
8 I run faster than my brother I eat steak tonight
10 I live to be more than a hundred years old 11 I swim
12 My mother telephone me today 13 I win the lottery this weekend 14 I kiss you?
15 We find aliens on Mars Exercise 8: Choose the correct answers.
1 Jack asked me
A where you come from? B where I came from C where I came from D where did I come from? She asked me I liked pop music
A.when B what C if D x
3 I wanted to know return home
A.when would she B when will she
C when she will D when she would
4 I wonder the tickets are on sale yet
A.what B when C where D whether
5 The man asked the boys
A why did they fight B why they were fighting C why they fight D why were they fighting The woman wonders doing well at school
A whether her children are B if her children were C whether her children was D her children are if She wanted to know
(83)8 My father asked me of the film
A what you think C what I think C what did you think D what I thought “Do you know ?” - asked the man
A where is the ticket office B where the ticket office is C the ticket office is D where was the ticket office 10 The teacher asked Mary the previous match
A who wins B who is winning
C who won D that won
Exercise 9: Write reported speech (Yes/No and Wh-question). Jane said to Bill, “When you expect to finish your assignment?”
The man said to the boy: “Can you show me the way to the bank?”
Fred asked the postman: “Are there any letters for me today?”
Henry said to the librarian, “How many books can borrow at a time?”
John asked his friend, “How did you manage to know my phone number?”
“These old buildings might have already disappeared by the time I am back next
year?” he said
The boys said to the old woman: “What can we to help you?”
The guests said to the doorman: “Where should we leave our coats?”
Tom asked his brother: “Why did you advise them to go sight-seeing on foot?” 10 I asked the children: “Who took away the magazines from my desk?”
Exercise 10: Write reported sentences.
1 Tom said to the girl: “When did you have this picture taken?”
“Shall we go somewhere for a cup of coffee after class?” Tom said
(84)WEEK 2
3 John said to Mary, “Why don’t you wear your hair a little longer.”
“Would you like another cup of tea?” the landlady said to the guest
My sister said to me, “What about going to see Aunt Mary on Sunday?”
She asked me, “Have you ever seen a flying saucer?”
James said: “Do you want me to type this letter for you?”
Alfred said to John, “I didn’t use your cassette player! Someone else did, not me.”
Father said, “I was the superintendent while this school was being built.”
10 The woman said, “If I had a gas stove, it would save me a lot of time.”
Exercise 1: Listen and name all the planets in the solar system (Track 22)
1 the Sun
2
3
4
5 10 Exercise 2: Listen again and complete the sentence.
1 Our solar system of an average star we call the Sun and other planets The Sun is the source of electromagnetic energy in the solar system The Sun’s nearest known stellar neighbor is a red dwarf star, at a distance of 4.3 light
away
4 The Milky Way has two small orbiting it nearby
5 Our galaxy, one of of galaxies known, is traveling through intergalactic space
Exercise 3: Read the text and complete it with the words in the box.
(85)The formation and structure of the Sun
The sun and the rest of the solar (1) formed from a giant, rotating cloud of gas and dust called a solar nebula about 4.5 billion years ago As the nebula collapsed because of its overwhelming gravity, it spun faster and flattened into a disk Most of the material was pulled toward the center to form our sun, which (2) for 99.8%
of the mass of the entire solar system
Like all stars, the sun will someday run out of (3) When the sun starts to die, it will swell so big that it will engulf Mercury and Venus and maybe even Earth Scientists predict the sun is a little less than halfway through its lifetime and will last another 6.5 billion years before it shrinks down to be a white dwarf
The sun, like others stars, is a ball of gas In terms of the number of atoms, it is made of 91.0% hydrogen and 8.9% helium By mass, the sun is about 70.6% hydrogen and 27.4% helium
At the core, the (4) is about 27 million degrees Fahrenheit (15 million degrees Celsius), which is sufficient to sustain thermonuclear fusion This is a process in which atoms (5) to form larger atoms and in the process release staggering amounts of energy Specifically, in the sun’s core, hydrogen atoms fuse to make helium Exercise 4: Read the text and answer the questions.
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and is commonly referred to as the Red Planet The rocks, soli and sky have a red or pink hue The distinct red color was observed by stargazers throughout history It was given its name by the Romans in honor of their god of war Other civilizations have had similar names The ancient Egyptians named the planet Her Descher meaning the red one
Before space exploration Mars was considered the best candidate for harboring extraterrestrial life Astronomers thought they saw straight lines crisscrossing its surface This led to the popular belief that irrigation canals on the planet had been constructed by intelligent beings In 1938, when Orson Welles broadcasted a radio drama based on the science fiction classic War of the Worlds by H.G Wells, enough people believed in the tale of invading Martians to cause a near panic
Another reason for scientists to expect life on Mars had to with the apparent seasonal color changes on the planet’s surface This phenomenon led to speculation that conditions might support a bloom of Martian vegetation during the warmer months and cause plant life to become dormant during colder periods
1 What’s another name of Mars?
Why did Mars have its name?
3 Was Mars considered the best candidate for harboring extraterrestrial life before space exploration?
(86)4 When did Orson Welles broadcast a radio drama based on the science fiction classic War of the Worlds by H.G?
What phenomenon led to speculation that conditions might support a bloom of
Martian vegetation during the warmer months?
Exercise 5: Look at the picture, answer the questions Then practise asking
and answering questions in oral speech.
1 What is this?
How many planets are there in the solar system?
Name the planets from the nearest to the farthest
Which planet is the biggest planet?
Which planet is the smallest planet?
Which planet does life exist? Why?
Exercise 6: Describe the picture in front of the class (oral presentation) Exercise : Look at the picture and read the text about life on other planets.
FACTS ABOUT LIFE ON OTHER PLANETS • Scientists are looking for three things: a planet with gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide that support life; a planet with water and a planet that’s not too cold or too hot
(87)Exercise 8: Read the passage in the Exercise and answer the questions. What planet are scientists looking for?
What’s the most exciting discovery?
Is Kepler 22b smaller than the Earth?
(88)