Tài liệu học tập cơ bản khái quát về động cơ và các bộ phận trên ô tô phiên bản tiếng anh. Tài liệu này nhằm giúp chúng ta tiếp cận được cấu tạo chức năng của các bộ phận của xe. Với tài liệu này giúp các bạn sinh viên ngành cơ khí ô tô tiếp cận được những kiến thức cơ bản về ô tô và đồng thời nâng cao kiến thức tiếng anh. Bộ tài liệu này được soạn thảo bởi trường đào tạo và huấn luyện nghề ở Canada.
Chapter Hand Tools and Shop Equipment Units of Measure • United States Customary (USC) – – – – – Linear examples: inch, foot, yard, mile Weight examples: ounce, pound, ton Temperature example: Fahrenheit Pressure examples: pounds per square inch Torque example: foot pounds Units of Measure (cont’d) • Metric – Linear examples: meter, centimeter, kilometer – Weight examples: grams, kilograms – Temperature example: Celsius – Pressure examples: kilogram per square centimeter, bar – Torque example: Newton meters Bolt Identification Washers and Other Fasteners • Flat washers are used with a fastener to spread out the load • Lock washers are used to lock the bolt head or nut in place • Nuts are used with bolts and studs and have hardness grades as well • Cap screws are similar to bolts but are threaded along their entire length Thread Lubricants and Sealants • Bolts and studs are commonly coated with an anti-seize compound • Tightening torque should be reduced when using anti-seize • Fasteners that thread into oil or coolant passages should have thread sealant to prevent liquids from seeping past the threads Typical Outside Micrometer • Outside micrometers are used to measure brake rotor thickness, bearing journal diameter, taper, and out-of-round • English and metric micrometers are used Reading a Metric Micrometer Measuring Devices (cont’d) • Dial Indicator – Is used to measure radial or axial movement, such as a shaft’s runout or end play A Typical Set of Hand Tools Hand Tools • Wrenches – Open-end – Box-end – Flare nut or line – Metric or USCS – Allen Hand Tools (cont’d) • Ratchets and Sockets – Six, eight, or twelve point – Deep and shallow – Metric or USCS – Impact or chrome – Torx – Swivel sockets Hand Tools (cont’d) • Screwdrivers • Pliers • Hammers and mallets Hand Tools (cont’d) • Punches and chisels • Files • Taps and dies Types of Torque Wrenches • Beam – Is not very accurate • “Click” – When the handle reaches the preset torque, the wrench clicks • Dial – A dial indicates the amount of torque exerted • Digital read out – Is usually the most accurate design Types of Torque Wrenches Hand Tool Safety • Use the proper tool for the job • Use the correct size wrench or socket • Use box-end wrench or socket whenever possible • Always pull on a wrench Power Tools • Impact wrenches – use only approved impact sockets • Air ratchets – not torque sensitive • Drills – allow faster drilling • Blow guns – always wear proper protective equipment when using a blow gun Jacks and Lifting Equipment • Floor jack is used to elevate a vehicle Never work under a vehicle supported by only a floor jack • Jack stands are used to support a vehicle once elevated • Never overload the capacity of floor jacks or jack stands Lifting Equipment (cont’d) • A lift is used to raise and support a vehicle • Several types of lifts are used: – – – – Above ground swing arm lifts In ground single post lift In ground dual post lift Drive on lifts • Never use a lift without proper training Above Ground and In Ground Four-Point Contact Lifts Service Information Sources • • • • • • • • Manufacturers service information Computer-based information systems Flat-rate manuals Owner’s manuals Lubrication guides Aftermarket suppliers guides and catalogs Hotline services International Automotive Technicians Network Steps for Using a Service Manual • • • Select the appropriate manual for the vehicle being serviced Use the table of contents to locate the applicable section Use the index at the front of the section to locate the required information Steps for Using a Service Manual (cont’d) • • • Carefully read the information and study the illustrations and diagrams Follow the required steps and procedures Adhere to all of the given specifications and safety precautions ... Set of Hand Tools Hand Tools • Wrenches – Open-end – Box-end – Flare nut or line – Metric or USCS – Allen Hand Tools (cont’d) • Ratchets and Sockets – Six, eight, or twelve point – Deep and shallow... or chrome – Torx – Swivel sockets Hand Tools (cont’d) • Screwdrivers • Pliers • Hammers and mallets Hand Tools (cont’d) • Punches and chisels • Files • Taps and dies Types of Torque Wrenches... protective equipment when using a blow gun Jacks and Lifting Equipment • Floor jack is used to elevate a vehicle Never work under a vehicle supported by only a floor jack • Jack stands are used