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Tài liệu học tập cơ bản khái quát về động cơ và các bộ phận trên ô tô phiên bản tiếng anh. Tài liệu này nhằm giúp chúng ta tiếp cận được cấu tạo chức năng của các bộ phận của xe. Với tài liệu này giúp các bạn sinh viên ngành cơ khí ô tô tiếp cận được những kiến thức cơ bản về ô tô và đồng thời nâng cao kiến thức tiếng anh. Bộ tài liệu này được soạn thảo bởi trường đào tạo và huấn luyện nghề ở Canada.
Chapter Working Safely in the Shop Must Always Be Worn Know How to Use Eye Wash Personal Safety • • • • • Tie back long hair Wear properly fitting clothes Jewelry can get caught in rotating objects Metal jewelry may be conductive Proper safety shoes or boots must be worn at all times Personal Safety (cont’d) • Gloves protect from chemicals, burns, and minor cuts and scrapes • Many chemicals can be absorbed into the body if gloves are not used • Heavy work gloves should be worn when using cutting equipment, welding, or grinding Personal Safety (cont’d) • Gloves can also protect against bloodborne pathogens • Pathogens, such as staph infections, hepatitis B, and HIV can be passed by contact with human blood • Always clean and disinfect any blood spills immediately Personal Safety (cont’d) • Exposure to very loud noise levels can lead to hearing loss • Simple ear plugs or earphone protectors should be worn in environments that are constantly noisy Personal Safety (cont’d) • Respiratory masks should be worn when working with components containing asbestos or other toxic substances that contain toxic fumes Personal Safety (cont’d) • Keep your skin away from hot metal parts • Disconnect electric cooling fans when working around a radiator • Adhere to all hydraulic press safety precautions Lifting and Carrying • • • • Be sure your path is free of parts or tools Be sure the container is in good condition Straighten your legs to lift the object If necessary, turn your whole body, don’t twist your body • Bend your legs to lower the object • Place suitable blocks under the object Hazardous Wastes • Hazardous wastes are generated as a result of a service • Used motor oil, transmission fluid, and coolant • Must be handled and disposed of according to regulations Physical Hazards • Physical hazards include excessive noise, vibrations, pressures, and temperatures • Auto shops may have excessive noise levels depending on tools used and services provided Ergonomic Hazards • Ergonomic hazards result from conditions that impede normal body position and motion • Using keyboards and performing repetitive motions can lead to ergonomic injuries OSHA • The Occupational Safety and Health Administration – Federal agency – Formed to assure safe and healthful working conditions – Has published standards – All automotive safety and health issues are controlled by OSHA EPA • The Environmental Protection Agency – Federal and state agencies – Regulates disposal of hazardous wastes – Monitors and enforces environmental legislation Right-to-Know Laws • Right-to-Know laws are intended to provide a safe working place • All employees must be trained in: – Their rights under the law – The nature of hazardous chemicals in the workplace – The contents of the labels on the chemicals • MSDS sheets must be available Hazardous Materials • Always read the label and MSDS before using unfamiliar substances • Be familiar with the dangers of various substances used in the shop • Follow all environmental policies for proper disposal Hazardous Waste • Utilize the proper protective equipment (PPE) when handling hazardous wastes • Many shop services generate hazardous waste • The shop is ultimately responsible for the safe disposal of hazardous waste Guidelines for Handling Hazardous Waste • Waste oil can be recycled or used in waste oil heaters where allowable • Drain oil filters for at least 24 hours • Send batteries to a reclaimer or the distributor • Refrigerants must be reclaimed and recycled Guidelines for Handling Hazardous Waste (cont’d) • Contract with a hazardous waste recycler for solvents and paint wastes • Collect waste coolants for reclaiming and recycling • Shop rags should be stored in self-closing marked containers to prevent combustion Guidelines for Handling Hazardous Waste (cont’d) • Asbestos must be trapped and handled safely • Dust from brake and clutch components may contain asbestos • Always refer to local, state, and federal regulations regarding the proper handling and disposal of hazardous wastes ... laws are intended to provide a safe working place • All employees must be trained in: – Their rights under the law – The nature of hazardous chemicals in the workplace – The contents of the labels... solvents and paint wastes • Collect waste coolants for reclaiming and recycling • Shop rags should be stored in self-closing marked containers to prevent combustion Guidelines for Handling Hazardous... the object • Place suitable blocks under the object Professional Behavior • Professional appearance and proper dress are important • Never smoke while working on a vehicle • Playing in the shop