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The research tries to serve two purposes: (1) list out the number of firstyear students who stand a high chance of having dyslexia; (2) test the effectiveness of using Immersive Reader on improving Reading Fluency of those students. In order to achieve those two objectives, a combination of qualitative and quantitative research have been used. Specifically, a questionnaire adapted from an informal dyslexia screening has been used to find out the number of students who stand a high chance of being dyslexic. Besides, interviews and tests were also utilized in order to find out the effectiveness of the technological addin tool. After the research, it was found out that there were four students who possessed items with high indicators of dyslexia. The results showed that using Immersive Reader to practice reading increased the accuracy and automaticity of word decoding which led to the improvement of reading fluency. Besides, it was also proved that Immersive Reader enhanced the user’s experience with reading.
VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHER EDUCATION GRADUATION PAPER APPLYING AN ADD-IN “IMMERSIVE READER” TO OVERCOME DIFFICULTIES FOR LANGUAGE LEANERS SUFFERING FROM DYSLEXIA Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Hải Hà, MA Student: Lê Khánh Huyền Course: QH2015.F1.E2 HÀ NỘI – 2019 i ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP ÁP DỤNG ỨNG DỤNG BỔ SUNG “IMMERSIVE READER” VÀO VIỆC CẢI THIỆN NHỮNG BẤT CẬP TRONG VIỆC HỌC TẬP NGÔN NGỮ CỦA NHỮNG SINH VIÊN MẮC CHỨNG KHÓ ĐỌC Giáo viên hướng dẫn: Cô Nguyễn Thị Hải Hà Sinh viên: Lê Khánh Huyền Khóa: QH2015.F1.E2 HÀ NỘI – 2019 Signature of Approval: _ Date: Acceptance I hereby state that I: Lê Khánh Huyền, QH2015.F1.E2, being a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Arts, Honors Program accept the requirements of the University relating to the retention and use of Bachelor’s Graduation Paper deposited in the library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the origin of my paper deposited in the library should be accessible for the purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the librarian for the care, loan or reproduction of the paper Signature Date Acknowledgement Personally, this research is the first product that I have ever had to carry out almost every part by myself However, I cannot accomplish it without the considerable support of many people who I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude to: First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to my dedicated, thoughtful and energetic supervisor, Mrs Nguyen Thi Hai Ha who inspires me to turn an idea into reality, shows infinite patience which pulls me back whenever I am about to give up Without her instruction and encouragement, I cannot be here today Secondly, I would like to thank all the first-year students in ULIS who had spent time filling in the questionnaire Especially, I would like to thank Thao for being a source of information for me to write this research Thirdly, I want to thank all my friends who stand beside and support me whenever my mood swings I would particularly like to thank Brooky, the most dedicated boyfriend ever, for helping me sending out the questionnaires and acting as a guardian for all these months of doing research Beside, I would like to thank another good friend of mine, Hai, for debating with me and helping to reorganize all the ideas before the thesis defense day Finally, I am forever indebt to my family as they always make sure that the only thing I should worry about is finishing this research and climbing up my career ladder i Abstract The research tries to serve two purposes: (1) list out the number of first-year students who stand a high chance of having dyslexia; (2) test the effectiveness of using Immersive Reader on improving Reading Fluency of those students In order to achieve those two objectives, a combination of qualitative and quantitative research have been used Specifically, a questionnaire adapted from an informal dyslexia screening has been used to find out the number of students who stand a high chance of being dyslexic Besides, interviews and tests were also utilized in order to find out the effectiveness of the technological add-in tool After the research, it was found out that there were four students who possessed items with high indicators of dyslexia The results showed that using Immersive Reader to practice reading increased the accuracy and automaticity of word decoding which led to the improvement of reading fluency Besides, it was also proved that Immersive Reader enhanced the user’s experience with reading List of abbreviation ACT Australian Capital Territory Government ADD Attention Deficit Disorder ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder AICHR ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights BDA British Dyslexia Association EDA European Dyslexia Association EY Ernst & Young Global Limited GAATE Global Alliance on Accessible Technologies and Environments HE Higher Education HESA Higher Education and Student Affairs IDA International Dyslexia Association IDA IRIs International Development Association (World Bank) Informal Reading Inventories IRT Research Triangle Institute LD Learning difficulties OCR Optical Character Recognition ORF Oral Reading Fluency SpLD Specific Learning Difficulty ULIS University of Languages and International Studies USAID United States Agency for International Development List of tables Table 1: Twelve dyslexia-sensitive items Table 2: Levels of Performance for Word Decoding Accuracy Tabe 3: Four qualified students Table & 5: Pre-test and post-test results Table 6: Uncorrected words read by the participant List of figures Fig 1: Relationship among Decoding skills – Reading Fluency – Reading Comprehension Fig 2: Immersive Reader icon Fig 3: OneNote interface Fig 4: Word interface Fig 5: Edge Browser interface with Immersive Reader Fig 6: Outlook on the Web interface Fig 7: Office Lens interface Fig 8: Features and proven benefits of Immersive Reader Fig 9: Immersive Reader – Theme Color feature Fig 10: Immersive Reader – Syllables feature Fig 11: Immersive Reader – Line Focus feature Fig 12: Immersive Reader – Picture Dictionary feature Fig 13: Immersive Reader – Read Aloud feature Fig 14: The distribution of students’ answers on 20 symptoms of dyslexia TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Acknowledgements Abstract List of abbreviation List of tables List of figues i ii iii iv v CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Scope 1.4 Method 1.5 Organization 4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Dyslexia 2.1.1 History 2.1.2 Definition 2.1.3 Characteristics 6 2.2 Dyslexic students in Higher Education (HE) 2.2.1 Statistics 2.2.2 Difficulties faced by dyslexic students in HE 10 10 11 2.3 Immersive Reader 2.3.1 Introduction 2.3.2 Purpose 2.3.3 Accessibility 2.3.4 Financial and social benefits 2.3.5 Features 14 14 14 14 16 17 2.4 Previous studies 21 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 22 3.1 Research approach 3.2 Participants 3.3 Samplings 22 23 23 sunken galleons - the ships the Spaniards used to sail the high seas from the 15th to the18th centuries Bonifacio has turned his activities into a very lucrative career Such is his fame as a marine archaeologist that he can demand very large fees He provides the information he gathers out from his research to companies with the resources to raise the bullion from the wrecks Bonifacio has worked for several Latin American governments, induding the government of Cuba which was interested in some galleons which it knew had sunk somewhere off the Cuban coast He has also carried out survey work for the Spanish government and the Italian national council However, Bonifacio is unwilling to reveal the names of his private clients, or say how much money they have made from the wrecks The reason for this is that they wish to remain anonymous due to uncertainty about ownership of the ocean floor Paragraph 3: I had never been married before so there was nothing in my past experience to go by but it was beginning to dawn on me that I was very nicely fixed I am talking, of course, of material things It would have been enough for me or anybody else to be paired with a beautiful girl whom I love and who loved me I hadn’t reckoned on the other aspects.This business of studying my comfort, for instance I thought such things had gone out of fashion, but not so with Helen It was brought home to me again as walked into breakfast this morning We had at last acquired a table — I had bought it at a farm sale and brought it home in triumph tied to the roof of my car — and now Helen had vacated the chair on which she used to sit at the bench and had taken over the high stool She was perched away up there now, transporting her food from far below, while was expected to sit comfortably in the chair I don’t think I’m a selfish swine but there was nothing I could about it And there were other little things The neat pile of clothing laid out for me each morning; the clean, folded shirt and handkerchief and socks so different from the jumble of my bachelor days And when I was late for meals, which was often, she served me with my food but instead of going off and doing something else she would down tools and sit watching me while I ate Paragraph 4: To the west of Weymouth stands the 80 lans.long Lyme Bay Since the landscape just west of Weymouth is not particularly memorable, I took a taxi to Abbotsbury, and began my walk midway along Chesil Beach I don't know what Chesil Beach is like towards the Weymouth end, but along this stretch it consisted of small pebbles worn to a uniform smoothness by years of wave action They are nearly impossible to walk on since you sink to your ankle-tops with each step Therefore, I took the coast path which is on firmer ground immediately behind the beach, but that left ,me unable to see over the stony dunes Instead, you just hear the sea, crashing into the shore on the other side and sending endless successions of pebbles clattering along the water's edge It was the most boring walk I've ever had By the time I reached West Bay, early in-the afternoon, I was ready for a good sit-down and something to eat d something to eat West Bay is an odd little place, spread out in a higgledy-piggledy fashion across a duney landscape.It lacked any kind of logical arrangement and had something of the air of a gold-rush town, as if it had been built hurriedly, and it looked poor and grey and battered by the sea I hunted around for some place to eat and happened on a surprising establishment called the Riverside Cafe From the outside, it looked nondescript, but I opened the door and found myself in the most extraordinary setting Paragraph 5: At the office that day, Martha was left to 'keep her eyes open' until after the lunch hour Then Mr Max Cohen brought her a document to copy She was so tense, she had to start afresh three times; and when he came to fetch it, all that had been achieved were the words 'Memorandum of an Agreement of Sale' typed raggedly across the top of the sheet She shrank under his impatient assurance that it did not matter in the least, and she must take her time Her fingers were heavy and trembling, and her head was thick To type two pages of his small neat writing into something clean and pleasant to look at seemed to her, just then, an impossibly difficult task He went home without coming to her desk again; and she flung a dozen sheets of paper into the wastepaper basket, and decided she would come early next morning and it before anyone else arrived Mrs Buss, on her way out, asked, "Have you got any certificates?" Martha said no, she had learned to type at home Mrs Buss said nothing consoling, but merely nodded absent-mindedly, for her eyes were on the elegant Mrs Jasper Cohen Martha could barely see where she was going as she left the office She was filled with a violent revulsion against the law and everything connected with it What she said to herself was, I won't spend the rest of my life typing this stupid jargon Paragraph 6: This unfortunately means that the company who hired Bonifacio to locate the 'San Roque' will miss out on a share of the profits Bonifacio is unsure of exactly how much bullion has been found by others as a result of his years of hard work, but he is sure that it must be many millions of dollars worth "I hear reports," he says, "but in this type of work there is a great amount of secrecy, not only because of the problems of governments demanding the entire treasure, but also for tax reasons." Bonifacio's passion has also led to the discovery of old Spanish and Portuguese gold mines in South America, Mexico and the Caribbean "In the the 1560s and 1570s," he explains, "most of the gold and silver transported to Europe was stolen from the Incas and the Aztecs; but later, mines provided the main source of bullion Mining technology in those days, however, was naturally very basic and the mines were not worked very efficiently Most were eventually abandoned because it was believed there was no more gold to be found Now, though, with modern day techniques, the world's mining companies are of course only too happy to pay me to search the records and find them! They know only too well that there is more than likely still plenty of gold just waiting to be discovered 5/13/2019 TRẢI NGHIỆM VỚI ADD-IN "IMMERSIVE READER" (MICROSOFT) Appendix 4: Survey questionnaire TRẢI NGHIỆM VỚI ADD-IN "IMMERSIVE READER" (MICROSOFT) Chào bạn ! Mình Lê Khánh Huyền, sinh viên lớp 15E2 Mình làm Khố luận tốt nghiệp đề tài: Chứng khó đọc sinh viên năm trường ULIS Dưới bảng khảo sát ý kiến riêng cá nhân sau sử dụng Add-in "Immersive Reader" Microsoft Mình mong nhận feedback thật tâm bạn việc dùng Immersive Reader việc học ngơn ngữ Xin chân thành cảm ơn ! * Required Họ tên * Bạn sử dụng Immersive Reader (IR) vào hoạt động học tập ngoại ngữ nào? (Hãy miêu tả chi tiết) * https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1yyc9mnxnoXVsOiA2y0hOpo_aMdcNBQU4h9Hn0KIIqIk/edit 1/12 5/13/2019 TRẢI NGHIỆM VỚI ADD-IN "IMMERSIVE READER" (MICROSOFT) IR có đáp ứng nhu cầu bạn hoạt động khơng? * Về giao diện Cảm nhận bạn giao diện Immersive Reader? * Check all that apply Giao diện bắt mắt, dễ dùng Chỉ dẫn đơn giản, thao tác nhanh gọn Không cảm nhận Giao diện khó nhìn, phức tạp Chỉ dẫn khó hiểu, thao tác phức tạp Other: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1yyc9mnxnoXVsOiA2y0hOpo_aMdcNBQU4h9Hn0KIIqIk/edit 2/12 5/13/2019 TRẢI NGHIỆM VỚI ADD-IN "IMMERSIVE READER" (MICROSOFT) Về tác dụng Bạn chọn đáp án sau chức Immersive Reader Cho xin vài lời giải thích Tăng độ giãn dịng & chữ có giúp giảm thiểu việc đọc sai từ bạn không? * Mark only one oval Hiệu Một chút, không đáng kể Other: Không hiệu https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1yyc9mnxnoXVsOiA2y0hOpo_aMdcNBQU4h9Hn0KIIqIk/edit 3/12 5/13/2019 TRẢI NGHIỆM VỚI ADD-IN "IMMERSIVE READER" (MICROSOFT) Chế độ tự động đọc văn highlight từ có tăng khả nhớ phát âm chuẩn từ phức tạp không? * Mark only one oval Hiệu Một chút, không đáng kể Other: Không hiệu https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1yyc9mnxnoXVsOiA2y0hOpo_aMdcNBQU4h9Hn0KIIqIk/edit 4/12 5/13/2019 TRẢI NGHIỆM VỚI ADD-IN "IMMERSIVE READER" (MICROSOFT) Chức tách âm tiết tách biệt giúp cải thiện khả nhận biết âm từ không? * Mark only one oval Hiệu Bình thường Other: Khơng hiệu https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1yyc9mnxnoXVsOiA2y0hOpo_aMdcNBQU4h9Hn0KIIqIk/edit 5/12 5/13/2019 TRẢI NGHIỆM VỚI ADD-IN "IMMERSIVE READER" (MICROSOFT) Chức tơ màu loại từ khác có giúp việc nhận biết câu có ngữ pháp phức tạp dễ dàng không? * Mark only one oval Hiệu Bình thường Other: Khơng hiệu https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1yyc9mnxnoXVsOiA2y0hOpo_aMdcNBQU4h9Hn0KIIqIk/edit 6/12 5/13/2019 TRẢI NGHIỆM VỚI ADD-IN "IMMERSIVE READER" (MICROSOFT) Chế độ "Line focus" có tăng độ tập trung cải thiện tốc độ đọc bạn không? * Mark only one oval Hiệu Bình thường Other: Khơng hiệu https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1yyc9mnxnoXVsOiA2y0hOpo_aMdcNBQU4h9Hn0KIIqIk/edit 7/12 5/13/2019 TRẢI NGHIỆM VỚI ADD-IN "IMMERSIVE READER" (MICROSOFT) 10 Từ điển hình ảnh từ điển chữ có giúp việc học từ nhanh dễ nhớ khơng? * Mark only one oval Hiệu Bình thường Other: Không hiệu Ý kiến cá nhân https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1yyc9mnxnoXVsOiA2y0hOpo_aMdcNBQU4h9Hn0KIIqIk/edit 8/12 5/13/2019 TRẢI NGHIỆM VỚI ADD-IN "IMMERSIVE READER" (MICROSOFT) 11 Bạn thấy chức IR có ích với việc học ngoại ngữ nhất? Tại sao? https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1yyc9mnxnoXVsOiA2y0hOpo_aMdcNBQU4h9Hn0KIIqIk/edit 9/12 5/13/2019 TRẢI NGHIỆM VỚI ADD-IN "IMMERSIVE READER" (MICROSOFT) 12 Bạn thấy chức IR khơng có ích với việc học ngoại ngữ nhất? Tại sao? * Chia sẻ trải nghiệm https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1yyc9mnxnoXVsOiA2y0hOpo_aMdcNBQU4h9Hn0KIIqIk/edit 10/12 5/13/2019 TRẢI NGHIỆM VỚI ADD-IN "IMMERSIVE READER" (MICROSOFT) 13 Bạn có muốn giới thiệu cho bạn bè dùng Add-in không? Tại sao? * Cảm ơn bạn nhiều! https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1yyc9mnxnoXVsOiA2y0hOpo_aMdcNBQU4h9Hn0KIIqIk/edit 11/12 5/13/2019 TRẢI NGHIỆM VỚI ADD-IN "IMMERSIVE READER" (MICROSOFT) Powered by https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1yyc9mnxnoXVsOiA2y0hOpo_aMdcNBQU4h9Hn0KIIqIk/edit 12/12 ... HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ KHOA SƯ PHẠM TIẾNG ANH KHÓA LUẬN TỐT NGHIỆP ÁP DỤNG ỨNG DỤNG BỔ SUNG ? ?IMMERSIVE READER? ?? VÀO VIỆC CẢI THIỆN NHỮNG BẤT CẬP TRONG VIỆC HỌC TẬP NGÔN NGỮ... NHỮNG BẤT CẬP TRONG VIỆC HỌC TẬP NGÔN NGỮ CỦA NHỮNG SINH VIÊN MẮC CHỨNG KHÓ ĐỌC Giáo viên hướng dẫn: Cô Nguyễn Thị Hải Hà Sinh viên: Lê Khánh Huyền Khóa: QH2015.F1.E2 HÀ NỘI – 2019 Signature... benefits of Immersive Reader Fig 9: Immersive Reader – Theme Color feature Fig 10: Immersive Reader – Syllables feature Fig 11: Immersive Reader – Line Focus feature Fig 12: Immersive Reader – Picture