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Thì hiện tại đơn trong tiếng anh - công thức - ví dụ - bài tập - đáp án
Thì đơn (Tên Tiếng Anh: Simple present Present simple) tiếng Anh đại Thì diễn tả hành động chung chung, tổng quát lặp lặp lại nhiều lần thật hiển nhiên hành động diễn thời gian Cách dùng ● Diễn tả thói quen ngày Ví dụ: We go to school every day (Tôi học ngày) He gets up at 6AM every day (Anh ta dậy vào 6h sáng ngày) ● Sự việc hay thật hiển nhiên Ví dụ: The earth moves around the Sun (Trái đất quay quanh mặt trời) The sun rises in the East ● Suy nghĩ cảm xúc tức thời Ví dụ: She is happy today ● (Mặt trời mọc đằng Đông) (Hôm cô vui) I am good, thanks (Tôi tốt, cảm ơn) They don’t like Rock music (Họ không thích nhạc Rốc) She looks very tired (Trơng mệt) Để đưa dẫn (chủ yếu dùng văn nói) Ví dụ: Ok, go straight ahead and then turn right (Ok, Đi thẳng rẽ phải) ● Để nói lên khả người có Ví dụ: I can draw (Tơi vẽ) She can sing (Cơ hát) ● Diễn tả kế hoạch xảy tương lai gần có lịch trình thời gian biểu cụ thể Ví dụ: The train leaves at am tomorrow (Tàu khởi hành lúc sáng mai.) Cấu trúc Đối với động từ thường: Khi Chủ ngữ (Ký hiệu S) I - You - We - They - Chủ ngữ số nhiều My sisters, the workers… Khi Chủ ngữ (Ký hiệu S) He - She -It - Chủ ngữ số My Father, The cat, my dog… (+) Khẳng định: S + V + O (+) Khẳng định: S + V (s,es) + O - Động từ (ký hiệu V) giữ nguyên, không chia Vd: I often play football with my friends after school (Tơi chơi bóng đá với bạn bè sau tan học) - Động từ thêm s es Cách thêm s/es: – Thêm s vào đằng sau hầu hết động từ: want-wants; work-works;… – Thêm es vào động từ kết thúc ch, sh, x, s, ss: watch-watches; miss-misses; wash-washes; fix-fixes; … – Bỏ y thêm ies vào sau động từ kết thúc phụ âm + y: study-studies;… – Động từ bất quy tắc: Go-goes; do-does; have-has Vd: My mom likes sweet cakes (Mẹ tơi thích bánh ngọt) She does her homework in the evening (Cô làm tập nhà vào buổi tối) Peter studies at home today (Peter hôm học nhà.) (-) Phủ định: S + don't + V + O I don’t often play football with my friends after school (Tơi khơng hay chơi bóng đá với bạn bè sau tan học) Don’t = not (-) Phủ định: S + doesn't + V + O Vd: My mom doesn’t like sweet cakes (Mẹ khơng thích bánh ngọt) She doesn’t her homework in the evening (Cô không làm tập nhà vào buổi tối) Peter doesn’t study at home today (Peter hôm không học nhà.) Doesn’t = does not (?) Câu hỏi Yes/ No: Do + S + V + O? Yes, S + No, S + don’t Vd: Do you often play football with your friends after school? (Bạn có hay chơi bóng đá với bạn bè sau học không) (?) Câu hỏi Yes/ No: Does + S + V + O? Yes, S + does No, S + doesn’t Vd: Does your Mom like sweet cakes? (Mẹ bạn có thích bánh khơng?) No, she doesn’t Yes,I (?) Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi: (?) Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi: Wh - question + Do + S + V + O? Wh - question + Does + S + V + O? Vd: What you often after school?(Bạn hay làm sau tan học trường) What does Peter today? (Hơm Peter làm gì?) He studies at home today I often play football with my friends after school Đối với động từ Tobe: (+) Khẳng định: S + is/are/am + Adj/Adv/N (-) Phủ định: S + isn't/aren't/amn't + Adj/Adv/N (?) Câu hỏi: Is/are/am + S + Adj/Adv/N? Wh-question + Is/are/am + S? * Chú thích: S = chủ ngữ Adj = adjectives - tính từ Adv = adverbs - trạng từ N = noun - danh từ *Lưu ý: Chủ ngữ I với AM Chủ ngữ You - we - they - danh từ số nhiều với ARE Chủ ngữ số - He - she - it với IS Isn’t = is not Aren’t = are not VD: Chủ ngữ S I You - we - they He - she - it Câu khẳng định I am a student They are happy She is beautiful Câu phủ định I am not a student They are not happy She is not beautiful Câu nghi vấn yes/ no Am i a student? Yes, i am No, i am not Are they happy? Yes, they are No, they are not Is she beautiful? Yes, she is No, she isn’t Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi Who am i? How are they? How is she? DẤU HIỆU NHẬN BIẾT Khi câu có xuất phó từ sau, bạn vận dụng cấu trúc đơn: ● ● ● ● “EVERY”: Every day, every year, every month, every afternoon, every morning, every evening Once a day, twice a week, three times a week, four times a week, five times a week, once a month, once a year Always, usually, every, often, generally, frequently, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, hardly ever, never, In the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, BÀI TẬP I - Cho dạng động từ “to be” This (be) Lan’s mother Her name (be) Hang (be) she 39 years old? She (be not) a doctor 5.They (be not) her father and mother The doctors (be not) in the room Their classroom (be not) on the fourth floor Hung’s house (be not) on Tran Phu street (be) they actors? 10 (your father) tall? II Hoàn thành câu sau: 1) Tom stamps (not collect) 2) You songs in the bathroom (not sing) 3) Julie in the garden (not work) 4) I stay at home ( not stay) 5) Tina and Kate the windows (not open) 6) Adam French (not speak) 7) His sister lemonade (not like) 8) We to music (not listen) 9) My father the car every Saturday (not clean) 10) Johnny and Danny in the lake (not swim) III Hồn thành câu sau cách khoanh trịn đáp án nhất: 1) I don’t stay/doesn’t stay at home 2) We don’t wash/doesn’t wash the family car 3) Doris don’t do/doesn’t her homework 4) They don’t go/doesn’t go to bed at 8.30 pm 5) Kevin don’t open/doesn’t open his workbook 6) Our hamster don’t eat/doesn’t eat apples 7) You don’t chat/doesn’t chat with your friends 8) She don’t use/doesn’t use a ruler 9) Max, Frank and Steve don’t skate/doesn’t skate in the yard 10) The boy don’t throw/doesn’t throw stones IV Điền trợ động từ dạng phủ định I ……… like tea He ……… play football in the afternoon You ……… go to bed at midnight They……….do the homework on weekends The bus ……….arrive at 8.30 a.m My brother ……….finish work at p.m Our friends ……… live in a big house The cat ……… like me V Hoàn thành câu sau: (Chuyển sang câu phủ định) 1) They play volleyball every week - They volleyball every week 2) John is nice - John nice 3) This car makes a lot of noise - This car a lot of noise 4) I like computer games - I computer games 5) We are from Greece - We from Greece 6) You wear pullovers - You pullovers 7) They speak English - They English 8) He watches TV - He TV 9) I am from Spain - I from Spain 10) Steve draws nice pictures – Steve nice pictures VI Chọn dạng từ Police catch/ catches robbers My dad is a driver He always wear/ wears a white coat They never drink/ drinks beer Lucy go/ goes window-shopping seven times a month She have/ has a pen Mary and Marcus eat out/ eats out everyday Mark usually watch/ watches TV before going to bed Maria is a teacher She teach/ teaches students VII Điền dạng từ ngoặc She (not study) ……… on Saturday He (have) ……… a new haircut today I usually (have) ……….breakfast at 6.30 Peter (not/ study)……….very hard He never gets high scores My mother often (teach)……….me English on Saturday evenings I like Math and she (like)……….Literature My sister (wash)……….the dishes every day They (not/ have)……….breakfast every morning VIII Hoàn thành câu sau: (Chuyển sang câu nghi vấn dạng YES/ NO) 1) She feeds the animals ………………………………………………………… 2) We take photos ………………………………………………………… 3) Sandy does the housework every Thursday ………………………………………………………… 4) The boys have two rabbits ………………………………………………………… 5) Simon can read English books ………………………………………………………… 6) He listens to the radio every evening ………………………………………………………… 7) Anne is the best singer of our school ………………………………………………………… 8) The children are at home ………………………………………………………… 9) The dog runs after the cat.………………………………………………………… 10) Lessons always finish at o'clock ………………………………………………………… IX Hoàn thành câu hỏi sau: Ex: (where / you / go to school?) Where you go to school? (what / you / do?) (where / John / come from?) (how long / it / take from London to Paris?) (how often / she / go to the cinema?) (how many children / you / have?) (when / you / get up?) (how often / you / study English?) (what time / the film / start?) (where / you / play tennis?) 10 (what sports / Lucy / like?) 11 (how / they / get to work?) 12 (how often / I / come here?) 13 (where / she / live?) 14 (why / you / eat so much chocolate?) 15 (what / this machine / do?) 16 (who / she / meet on Saturdays?) 17 (how many brothers / she / have?) 18 (how much / this / cost?) 19 (where / you / eat lunch?) X Hoàn thành câu hỏi sau: Ex Where / John? Where is John? Why / they / hungry? Why are they hungry? Where / we? Who / you? Why / he / late? What / this? Where / Jimmy ? How old / she ? How / you ? Where / the station? What time / it now? 10 Where / Pedro / from? 11 Why / they / in the kitchen? 12 How / the food? 13 How long / the journey? 14 How old / you ? 15 Why / I / here? 16 What time / the concert? 17 Where / she? 18 Who / Julie / with? ĐÁP ÁN I - Cho dạng động từ “to be” This (be) is Lan’s mother Her name (be) is Hang Is (be) she 39 years old? She (be not) isn’t a doctor 5.They (be not) are not her father and mother The doctors (be not) are not in the room Their classroom (be not) is not on the fourth floor Hung’s house (be not) is not on Tran Phu street Are (be) they actors? 10 Is (your father) tall? II Hoàn thành câu sau: 1) Tom doesn’t collect stamps (not collect) 2) You don’t sing songs in the bathroom (not sing) 3) Julie doesn’t work in the garden (not work) 4) I don’t stay at home ( not stay) 5) Tina and Kate don’t open the windows (not open) 6) Adam doesn’t speak French (not speak) 7) His sister doesn’t like lemonade (not like) 8) We don’t listen to music (not listen) 9) My father doesn’t clean the car every Saturday (not clean) 10) Johnny and Danny don’t swim in the lake (not swim) III Hoàn thành câu sau cách khoanh tròn đáp án nhất: 1) I don’t stay/doesn’t stay at home 2) We don’t wash/doesn’t wash the family car 3) Doris don’t do/doesn’t her homework 4) They don’t go/doesn’t go to bed at 8.30 pm 5) Kevin don’t open/doesn’t open his workbook 6) Our hamster don’t eat/doesn’t eat apples 7) You don’t chat/doesn’t chat with your friends 8) She don’t use/doesn’t use a ruler 9) Max, Frank and Steve don’t skate/doesn’t skate in the yard 10) The boy don’t throw/doesn’t throw stones IV Điền trợ động từ dạng phủ định I don’t like tea He doesn’t play football in the afternoon You don't go to bed at midnight They don’t the homework on weekends The bus doesn’t.arrive at 8.30 a.m My brother doesn’t.finish work at p.m Our friends don’t.live in a big house The cat doesn’t like me V Hoàn thành câu sau: (Chuyển sang câu phủ định) 1) They play volleyball every week - They don’t play volleyball every week 2) John is nice - John is not nice 3) This car makes a lot of noise - This car doesn't make a lot of noise 4) I like computer games - I don’t like computer games 5) We are from Greece - We are not from Greece 6) You wear pullovers - You don’t wear pullovers 7) They speak English - They don’t speak English 8) He watches TV - He doesn’t watch TV 9) I am from Spain - I am not from Spain 10) Steve draws nice pictures – Steve doesn’t draw nice pictures VI Chọn dạng từ Police catch/ catches robbers My dad is a driver He always wear/ wears a white coat They never drink/ drinks beer Lucy go/ goes window-shopping seven times a month She have/ has a pen Mary and Marcus eat out/ eats out everyday Mark usually watch/ watches TV before going to bed Maria is a teacher She teach/ teaches students VII Điền dạng từ ngoặc She (not study) doesn’t study on Saturday He (have) has a new haircut today I usually (have) have breakfast at 6.30 Peter (not/ study) doesn’t study very hard He never gets high scores My mother often (teach) teaches me English on Saturday evenings I like Math and she (like) likes.Literature My sister (wash) washes the dishes every day They (not/ have) don’t have breakfast every morning VIII Hoàn thành câu sau: (Chuyển sang câu nghi vấn dạng YES/ NO) 1) She feeds the animals Does she feed the animals? 2) We take photos Do we take photos? 3) Sandy does the housework every Thursday Does Sandy the housework every Thursday? 4) The boys have two rabbits Do the boys have two rabbits? 5) Simon can read English books Can Simon read English books? 6) He listens to the radio every evening Does he listen to the radio every evening? 7) Anne is the best singer of our school Is Anne the best singer of our school? 8) The children are at home Are the children at home? 9) The dog runs after the cat Does the dog run after the cat? 10) Lessons always finish at o'clock Do lessons always finish at o'clock? IX Hoàn thành câu hỏi sau: Ex: (where / you / go to school?) Where you go to school? (what / you / do?) what you do? (where / John / come from?) where does John come from? (how long / it / take from London to Paris?) How long does it take from London to Paris? (how often / she / go to the cinema?) how often does she go to the cinema? (how many children / you / have?) how many children you have? (when / you / get up?) when you get up? (how often / you / study English?) how often you study English? (what time / the film / start?) what time does the film start? (where / you / play tennis?) where you play tennis? 10 (what sports / Lucy / like?) what sports does Lucy like? 11 (how / they / get to work?) how they get to work? 12 (how often / I / come here?) how often I come here? 13 (where / she / live?) where does she live? 14 (why / you / eat so much chocolate?) why you eat so much chocolate? 15 (what / this machine / do?) what does this machine do? 16 (who / she / meet on Saturdays?) who does she meet on Saturdays? 17 (how many brothers / she / have?) how many brothers does she have? 18 (how much / this / cost?) how much does this cost? 19 (where / you / eat lunch?) where you eat lunch? X Hoàn thành câu hỏi sau: Ex Where / John? Where is John? Why / they / hungry? Why are they hungry? Where / we? where is he? Who / you? who are you? Why / he / late? why is he late? What / this? what is this? Where / Jimmy ? where is Jimmy? How old / she ? how old is she? How / you ? how are you? Where / the station? where is the station? What time / it now? what time is it now? 10 Where / Pedro / from? where is Pedro from? 11 Why / they / in the kitchen? why are they in the kitchen? 12 How / the food? how is the food? 13 How long / the journey? how long is the journey? 14 How old / you ? how old are you? 15 Why / I / here? why am I here? 16 What time / the concert? what time is the concert? 17 Where / she? where is she? 18 Who / Julie / with? who is Julie with? ... is/are/am + Adj/Adv/N (-) Phủ định: S + isn't/aren't/amn't + Adj/Adv/N (?) Câu hỏi: Is/are/am + S + Adj/Adv/N? Wh-question + Is/are/am + S? * Chú thích: S = chủ ngữ Adj = adjectives - tính từ Adv... dad is a driver He always wear/ wears a white coat They never drink/ drinks beer Lucy go/ goes window-shopping seven times a month She have/ has a pen Mary and Marcus eat out/ eats out everyday... everyday Mark usually watch/ watches TV before going to bed Maria is a teacher She teach/ teaches students VII Điền dạng từ ngoặc She (not study) ……… on Saturday He (have) ……… a new haircut today I