(Luận văn thạc sĩ) chiến tranh nhân dân trên tuyến đường hà nội – hải phòng dưới sự lãnh đạo của đảng (1946 1954)

DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRUdNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN NGUYEN TIEN TRUONG CHIEN TRANH NHAN DAN TREN TUYEN DirC)NG HA NOI - HAI PHONG DU6l SU LANH DAG CUA DANG (1946-1954) LUAN AN THAC SI KHOA HOC LICK SU Chuyen ngdnh Lich suDdng Cong sdn Viet Nam Md so : 50316 NGLtil HUONG 1 ',, ' u DAN KHOA HOC: PTS NGO DANG TRI r-r)^ c r:-: 'fjzh^ L: ;^:,~r) V I im s^-^rff"'^"^ HA NOI - 1997 LOICAMDOAN Toi xin cam doan day Id cdng trinh nghien cihi cua rieng tdi Cdc so lieu, ket qua neu ludn dn id trung thuc vd chua thing duac cdng bo bat ky cdng trinh ndo khdc Ha Ngi, 14 thdng nam 1997 TAG GIA LUAN AN NGUYEN Tie'NTRadNG MUC LUC MODAU ChUong Trangl 1: TUYEN DUdNG HA NOI - HAI PHONG VA TINH HINH KINH TE XA HOI YUNG TUYEN D U O N G DI QUA ChUong 2: CHCEN T R A N H N H A N D A N T R E N TUYEN DUONG HA NOIHAIPHONG DUdlSULANHDAO CUA DANG (12-1946 7-1954) 22 2.1- Phdt dgng vd Idnh dqo qudn dan cdc dia phuong doc tuyen dudng thuc Men cuoc khdng chien todn ddn, todn dien, chdng dich binh dinh vd van tdi (1946-1950) 22 2.2- Ldnh dqo qudn ddn cdc dia phuong vuqt qua kho khan, tiep tuc day mqnh chien tranh nhdn ddn tren tuyen dudng, gop phdn tich cue dua khdng chien den thdng Iqi (1950-1954) Chuong 3: MOT s o BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM VE LANH DAO CHIEN TRANH NHAN DAN TREN TUYEN DUONG HA NOI- HAI PHONG (1946-1954) 58 * 87 KET LUAN 109 THUMUC 116 PHULUC 722 > -> MODAU /- Y NGHIA, MUC DICH CUA DETAL Chien tranh nhan dan la cuoc chien tranh chinh nghia, nhan dan tien hanh, vi loi ich cua nhan dan, dau tranh vdi dich bang moi hinh thuc va bien phap phu hop, CO luc luong vu trang nhan dan lam nong cot a Viet Nam, tren co scf ke thira kinh nghiem lau doi ciia dan toe va van dung sang tao nhung nguyen ly cua Chu nghla Mae Le Nin ve chien tranh va each mang, v6 vai tro cua quan ehung lich su, chien tranh nhan dan da duac Dang Cong san Viet Nam thuc hien, phat trien tod dinh cao hai cuoc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap va de quoc My xam lucp^c (1945-1975), la chien tranh nhan dan, toan dan, toan dien, toan dan danh giac Chien tranh nhan dan la noi dung ea ban, bao trum va xuyen sudt dudng loi quan su cua Dang ta Duong Idi, quan diem chien tranh nhan dah, toan dan danh giac cua Dang da chi phdi moi mat dod song xa hoi cua dat nuac sudt 30 nam chien tranh bao ve To qude va giai phong dan toe (1945-1975) Quan tr^et sau sic tu tudng chien tranh toan dan, toan dien, van dung sang tao dudng loi chien tranh nhan dan thuc tiln cua nude nho danh lai su xam luac cua nude Idn la eong doc dao, la nguyen nhan cd y nghia quyet dinh dua tdi thdng lod cua cae cuoc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap va de qude My xam luge Tu tudng, dudng Idi vln eon nguyen y nghla to Idn su nghiep xay dung va bao ve To qude Viet Nam XHCN hien Mot nhung bieu hien sinh dong cua cuoc chien tranh nhan dan thdi k}' khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap xam luge la cuoc chien dau cua quan dan ta dudi su lanh dao cua eac dang bo dia phuong tren tuyen dudng Ha Noi-Hai Phong, tuyen dudng giao thong van tai huyet mach ndi hen phd cang Hai Pi dng vdd phd Ha Noi, Thu cua nude ta, trung tarn chinh tri, quan su, kinh te cua ke dich d chien trudng chinh Bac Bo Tren tuyen dudng nay, thuc dan Phap da dung moi lire lugng, moi bien phap dt bao ve, bien tuyen dudng m6t cong cu, mot dia ban quan su yeu kim kep nhan dan ta, va vet siJc ngudi, siic cua thuc hien cuoc chien tranh xam luge cua chiing Ddi vdi ta, day cung chinh la mot mat tran danh pha giao thong van tai, chdng can quet, binh dinh cua dich het sue ndng bong, quyet Uet, lien tuc vdi nliieu hy sinh t6n that song cung rat anh dung, sang tao cua quan dan eac dia phuong theo dudng Idi chien tranh nhan dan cua Dang Cuoc chien tranh nhan dan didn tren tuyen dudng da lam rang danh tuyen dudng mot thdi vdi nhung su tich "dudng ndi song", " tieng sam dudng 5" gdp phan quan vao chien thang ehung cua cuoc khang chien Chon va giai quyet de tai Chien tranh nhdn ddn tren tuyen dudng Hd Npi'Hdi Phdng dudi su ldnh dqo ciia Dang (1946-1954) la nham tai hien mot each CO he thdng cuoc chien dau cua quan dan ta d khu vue cd tuyen dudng di qua theo dudng Idi chien tranh nhan dan cua Dang, dudi su lanh dao, to chuc true tiep cua eac Dang bo dia phuong nhu Bac Ninh, Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Kien An, Hai Phdng Tu nit mot sd ket luan, bai hoe kinh nghiem vt su lanh dao cua Diing ddi vdi cuoc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap xam luge a mot khu vue dac thu, quan trong, cd y nghia chien luge, gdp phan lam sang to them lich su dau tranh anh dung, bat khuat cua Dang bg va quan dan eac dia phuong hai ben tuyen dudng, tang them niem tu hao va y thuc xay dung, bao ve To qude ndi ehung, vao n; iem vu xay dung va bao ve viing tuyen dudng chien luge hien ndi ri'mg Dd chinh la mue dieh, y nghia cua de tai luan an, vira cd y nghia khoa hoc, vira cd y nghia thuc ti6n thiet thuc // LICH SU NGHIEN CUV VAN DE Chien tranh nhan dan, toan dan danh giac la nhu cau khach quan cua chien tranh chinh nghia, cua nude nhd chdng lai nude Idn Trong cuoc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap xam luge, dd la chu truong, dudng loi khang chien Dang va Chu tich Hd Clii Minh de tu nhung dau cuoc khang chien roar, qude vira biing no Dudng Idi dd da duge thuc tien cuoc khang chien kiem n^^niem la hoan toan diing dan, de lai nhieu kinh nghiem cd gia tri Chinh vi vav lau nay, mang de tai da duge rat nhieu nha nghien cuu quan tam, nhat la gidi nghien cuu lich su quan su Cuoc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap la cuoc chien tranh nhan dan cd bieu hien phong phii, sinh dgng nen vice nghien cuu da duge thuc hien dudi nhieu gde khae Vung dong bang Bac Bg, mot nhiing noi bieu hien tap trung tinh chat, hinh thai cua chien tranh nhan dan cuoc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap, cung da duge nghien cuu vdi nhung cong trinh ehung v6 quan su tren pham vi toan Quan khu EQ, nhung cong trinh nghien cuu timg giai doan, timg dia phuong, timg khu vue, nhung sach ve lich sir eac dang bg dia phuong Tong hgp eac cong trinh, eac gde nghien cuu dd lai, chinh la buc tranh chan thuc, da dien cua cuoc khang chien d dia ban chien luge Trong do vi tri dac thu cua tuyen dudng Ha Ngi-Hai Phdng ma eac boat dgng khang chien tren khu vue tuyen dudng cua quan dan eac dia phuong da trd mot bg phan cau quan cua buc tranh Idn Su lanh dao cua Dang ddi vdi cuoc chien tranh nhan dan tren tuyen dudng Ha Noi- Hai Phdng nhung nam 19461954, vdi dac diem nhu vay, nen it, nhieu eiing da duge eac nha nghien cuu de cap den, nhat la d eac cong trinh lich sir cua eac dang bg, eac co quan quan su dia phuong Qua trinh nghien cuu dd dien chu yeu qua hai thdi diem Thdi diem chu nhat la vao nhung nam dau ciia thap ky 60, eac Tinh uy, Tinh dgi eac tinh Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Kien An da tien hanh t6 chuc tdng ket chien tranh a dia phuong thdi ky khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap Ket qua cua dgt nghien cuu, tdng ket duqc the hien d eac ban "Du thao tong ket lich sir du kich chien tranh" cua eac tinh, hien luu tru tai Ban tuyen giao eac dia phuong Nhung cong trinh la eac ban tap hgp nhung tu Ueu chinh ve eac su kien lich sir chien tranh, nhung ngudi true tiep lanh dao, chi huy d dia phuong thdi khang chien suu tam, bien soan Thdi diem quan thu hai la vao nhung nam cudi cua thap ky 80 dau thap ky 90 Vao thdi ky nay, hang loat cong trinh lich sir dia phuong thdi ky trudc 1954 duqc bien soan, an hanh, nhat la lich sir cae Dang bg tinh va cdc huyen, lich sir cae don vi, lich sir Quan khu III, , dd cd d6 cap nhieu den cdc su kien chien tranh nhan dan vung doc tuyen dudng Ha Noi - Hai Phdng Tieu bieu la: Quan khu HI- lich sir khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap (Bg Tu lenh Quan Khu m , Nxb QDND, Ha Noi, 1990) Trung doan 42- Trung Dung (Bg Tu lenh Quan khu m , Nxb QDND, 1995) Lich su Dang bg tinh Hai Hung (tap I, Nxb Hai Hung, 1990) Lich sir Dang bg Hai Phdng (tap 1, Nxb Hai Phdng, 1991) Lich sir Dang bg eac huyen Gia Lam (1989), My Van (1993), Cam Giang (1993), Thi xa Hai Duong (1988), Nam Thanh (1991), Kim Mon (1993), An Hai (1990) Ngoai cd mot sd cong trinh nghien cuu, tong ket ve dau tranh vu trang cua Bg chi huy quan su cae tinh, lim hanh noi bg va mot sd bai dang tren cae tap chi khoa hgc Cae cong trinh tren deu da nhaii manh den boat dgng, tich chien dau cua quan dan cae dia phuong viing cd tuyen dudng Ha Noi- Hai Phdng di qua, da cung cap duge mot khdi lugng tu Ueu quan trgng va nhieu thong tin cd gia tri ngliien euru cuoc chien tranh nhan dan tren tuyen dudng thdi ky 1946-1954 Tuy nhien eac cong tlrinh cua Quan khu, don vi, gde nghien cuu rieng, nang ve mat quan su nen khdng di sau trinh bay ve su lanh dao cua eac Dang bg Con cdc cong trinh cua cae Dang bg tinh, huyen, gidi han hanh chinh lai tap trung quan tam cae van de pham vi rieng cua dang bg, dia phuong minh Chinh vi nhung ly do ma su lanh dao cua Dang ddi vdi cuoc chien tranh nhan dan chdng binh dinh, can quet, pha hoai giao thong van tai dich tren dgc myen dudng cd luc chi trinh bay tren nhiing net ehung, lai cd liic bi eat timg khiic, timg phan de nghien cuu, trinh bay, nen khdng tranh khdi nhiing lan Ion, trung lap hoac bd sdt, phien dien Vi vay, de tai luan an van edn rat nhieu van de mdi can giai quyet va qi:a trinh thuc hien vira cd thuan Igi la duge ke thua nhung ket qua cua cae cong tr:nh trudc, dong thdi lai phai suu tam them tu Heu, hen he, tdng hgp su kien tong the ea tuyen, vdi gde lich sir Dang, dd cung gap khdng it khd khan / / / - Gidfl HAN CUA DE TAI Cuoc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap xam luge cua quan dan cdc dia phuong vimg cd tuyen dudng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng di qua la rat phong phii, toan dien Su lanh dao cua eac Dang bg dia phuong ddi vdi cuoc khang chien d vimg cung lien quan den nhieu Unh vue chinh tri, kinh te, van hod, xa hoi, hen quan den ea nhieu tinh, nhieu huyen vung Luan dn khdng di sau vao tat ea nhung van de va cdc vung rgng Idn dd, ma chi tap trung nghien cuu va trinh bay su lanh dao, t6 ehiic cua Dang, true tiep la cua cdc dang bg dia phuong cap tinh, phd nhu Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Kien An, Hai Phdng va mot sd huyen, thi nhu Gia Lam, Yen My, My Hao, Cam Giang, Thi xa Hai Duong, Nam Sdeh, Thanh Ha, Kim Thanh, An Duong ddi vdi cuoc chien tranh nhan dan tren myen dudng Noi dung de cap la xung quanh cdng tdc lanh dao xay dung luc lugng, bam dat, bdm dan, chdng dich binh dinh, can quet, chiem ddng va van tai tren tuyen dudng sat va dudng bg sd 5, nhu la bieu hien cu the, sinh dgng, tieu bieu cua cuoc khang chien d vung tam bi chiem theo dudng Idi chien tranh nhan dan cua Dang Ve thdi gian, ke tu 6-3-1946, thuc dan Phap da bat dau sir dung myen dudng de thuc hien muu cudp nude ta va den 13- 5-1955 chiing mdi nit \\6t luc lugng khdi Hai Phdng, dd cd khu vue cdc nha ga va doan dudng sd thuge pham vi Hai Phdng, song luan an eiing chi nghien cuu giai doan tir 19-121946 den 20-7-1954, la thdi gian cd cuoc khdng chien cua quan dan ta tren tu^^en dudng Nhung vung phu can va thdi gian trudc cung nhu sau khoang thdi gian dd duge luan an de cap d nhiing trudng hgp va mue can thiet cd hen quan IV - NGUON TULIEU, CO SO LY LUAN VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU Luan an duge thuc hien dua tren cdc ngudn tu lieu chu yeu nhu: cdc Van kien cua Dang Cong san Viet Nam thdi ky 1945- 1954, Hd Chi Minh toan tap tap (1945-1947), tap (1948-1950), tap (1951-1954), mot sd tdc pham cd lien quan ve quan sir, khang chien cua cdc vi lanh dao cua Dang, Nha nude, quan doi ta thdi ky chdng thuc dan Phap ciing nliung chi thi, nghi quyet cua Lien khu uy m , Khu Ta Ngan, cdc Dang bg Hung Yen, Hai Duong, Kien An, Hai Phdng, Ha Noi, Bde Ninh Quan trgng la cdc bdo cdo tdng ket chien tranh cua cdc dia phuong, don vi, cdc sdch lich su Dang bg cdc tinh, huyen, cdc bdo, tap chi d TW va dia phuong cd Hen quan Ngoai luan dn edn sir dung nhimg tu heu thuc te khao sdt cua tdc gia tai mot sd xa tren tuyen dudng nhu Gia Thuy (gia Ldm), Minh Hai (My Hao), Cam Dien, Cam Dinh (Cam Giang), Ai Qude (Nam Sdch), An Ddng (An Duong), Lai Vu (Kim Thanh) Mot sd hoi ky, cdc tai heu phdng van, toa dam qua gap go mot sd edn bg lanh dao, chi huy cii cua cdc dia phuong, don vi da boat dgng tren tuyen dudng truoc day cung duge sir dung nghien cuu thuc hien d6 tai Co sd ly luan cua luan dn la rihimg nguyen ly co ban ciia chu nghia Mdc Lenin, cua Dang ta va cua Chu tich Hd chi Minh ve chien tranh, edeh mang va quan dgi Trong dd quan trgng la quan diem lich sir, quan diem edeh mang la su nghiep cua quan chiing, tu tudng chien tranh nhan dan, quan dgi nhan dan, toan dan ddnh giac, hau phuong Idng dan, tu tudng "tha hy sinh tat ea chu nhat dinh khdng chiu mat nude, nhat dinh khdng chiu lam no le" Phuong phdp nghien cuu chu yeu cua luan dn la phuong phdp lich sir va phuong phdp Idgieh, va ket hgp hai phuong phdp dd Ngoai luan dn edn sir dung cdc phuong phdp khdc cd hen quan nhu thdng ke, so sdnh, so dd, d6 phan tich, gidm dinh sir heu va trinh bay ket qua nghien cuu « V - DONG GOP CUA LUAN AN Day la mot van de da duge de cap khd nhieu cdc cdng trinh da cd, song di sau vao giai quyet nhu la mot van de chuyen biet, dac thu cua chien tranh nlian dan eiing edn rat nhieu dieu mdi me va phiic tap Ddng gdp cua luan dn la d viee cung cap them nhiing tu heu mdi, cu the, la viee trinh bay mot edeh cd he thdng nhung su kien eiing nhu toan bg qud trinh didn bien cuoc khdng chien anh diing, sdng tao ciia quan dan ta tren tuyen dudng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng dudi su lanh dao, td chuc cua cdc Dang bg dia phuong theo dudng loi chien tranh nhan dan cua T^.V Dang va Chu tich Hd Chi Minh nhimg nam chdng thuc dan Phap xam luoc (1946-1954) Tir neu len nhiing ket luan, ddnh gid nhan xet khoa hgc, nit nhiing bai hgc kinh nghiem lich su viee lanh dao khang chien cua Dang, nhat la su van dung dudng Idi chu truong ehung vao hoan canh vung tam bi chiem, vao boat dgng chdng phd giao thdng van tai dich cua cdc Dang bg dia phuong Thong qua cdc su kien lich sir va nhiing ddnh gid, nhan dinh, bai hgc kinh nghiem, luan dn nhdm gdp phan vao viee gido due truy^n thdng yeu nude, tinh thdn anh diing, bat khuat, su hy sinh, sdng tao ddnh giac, giii lang, phd giao thdng dich cua edn bg, dang vien, quan dan vung dgc myen dudng Ddng thdi qua dd ma tham gia phd bien lich su va kinh nghiem lich sir cho cdc the he hien tai, nang cao niem tu hao, y thuc kinh trgng cdng lao xuong mdu cua cha dng, de siic xay dung va bao ve tuyen dudng, xay dung va bao ve que huong, dat nuac mot hien dai, giau dep, van minh theo eon dudng XHCN VI BO cue CUA LUAN AN Luan dn cd 138 trang Ngoai phan Md dau, Ket luan, Phu luc, Thu mue, luan dn cd chuong la: Chuong 1: Tuyen dudng Ha Ngi-Hai Phdng va tinh hinh kinh te - xa hoi vung tuyen dudng di qua Chuong 2: Chien tranh nhan dan tren tuyen dudng Ha Ndi- Hai Phdng dudi su lanh dao cua Dang (12-1946 - 7-1954) Chuong 3: Mot sd bai hgc kinh nghiem ve lanh dao chien tranh nhan dan tren tuyen dudng Ha Ngi-Hai Phdng (1946-1954) 124 PHU LUC 3; THU GUI DOI CONG AN DANH DU BAC NINH Tdi duprc bao cae ban tich cue lam phan su vide trir gian d Gia Lam, dot nhap trudng bay, mdc siing, lay tai hdu cua dieh, Nhiing edng vide dd ehung td anh em da khdn kheo, can dam, lam ve vang cho e6ng an Bde Ninh va toan qude Tdi gui ldi than ngpi khen cae ban va mong cae ban lu6n lu6n cd gdng thi dua, de thuc hien khdu hidu: " Mdi lap mdt chien edng" Chao than va quyet thdng Ngay 15 thang nam 1948 Ho Chi Minh Tai hdu luu tai Bo N6i Vu 125 PHU LUC 4; THU KHEN NGOI ANH EM DU KICH KIM THANH - HAI DUONG Gui trung dpi du kich Kim Thdnh, Toi dupe Bo Tong chi huy bdo cdo rdng: Trung dpi du kich Kim Thanh danh giao thong vdn tai cua dich rdt hay vd da thdng nhieu trdn Toi rat vui long thay mat Chinh phu khen ngpi anh em va khuydn anh em CO gdng hon nua Toi lai hua vdi anh em rdng tir nay, m6i lan phd dupe mot ddu xe lua, toi lai co mot phdn thuong ddc biet tdng cho anh em Trudc cupe Thi dua di Quoc nay, toi mong anh em xung phong, lap nhieu chid'n cong rue ro, vd toi mong cho don tin thdng trdn cua anh em Khdng chid'n nhdt dinh thdng Ipi! Thong nhat dpc lap nhdt dinh cong! Chao thdn va quyd't thdng Thdng 12 ndm 1948 Ho Chi Minh Li sach Nhiimg Icri keu goi cua Ho Chu Tich, Nha xudt ban Su that Ha Noi, 1958, Tap 1, trang 279 PHU LUC 5; THU GUI CAC CHIEN SI D U O N G SO Nam nil ddn qudn du kieh duong so 5, ndm ngodi ddnh gidc khd, sang nam 1949, anh chi em du kich duong so phai co gdng thdm, ddnh nhidu hon, manh hon di Idp cong to hon niia Va d^ lam kidu mdu cho ddn qudn du kieh khdc Toi cho dpi nhieu tin thdng Ipi cua eac ban se ddc biet thucmg dpi nao cong to nhat Chao thdn va quyet thdng Ho Chi Minh In tren bdo Cuu Quoc, thdng ndm 1949 126 PHU LUC 6: DIEN KHEN CAC DON VI B O DOI CHU LUC, BO DOI DIA PHUONG VA DAN QUAN DU KICH CHIEN THANG TREN D U O N G SO Bp t6ng tu ldnh gui ldi nhidt het khen ngpi cae ddng chi, sau danh d6 nhi^u doan tau cua dich thang va thang 2, da md mot cupe tien c6ng manh thang vao he thdng phdng thu cua djch d dudng sd 5, tidu diet nhieu vi tri va thap canh, tidu diet nhieu quan tiep vidn -:ua djch, dac biet da pha huy nhieu cau edng va nhieu doan dudng sdt, may Ian cdt diit dudng chien lupc quan trpng bac nhat cua djch d chien trudng Bde Bd Chidn thdng dudng sd danh vao dudng giao thdng huyet mach cua dich, da tidu diet mot bp phan quan trpng sinh lue djnh, thu hiit bp dpi co dong cua chiing, nhat la da lam gian doan su van chuyen bom dan cua My tir Hai Phdng len Ha Noi va di cae mat tran Vide dd da ed tac dung phdi hpp chat che vdi cupe chieii dau cua quan ta d Didn Bidn Phu va d cae chien trudng khac Ciing vdi chidii thdng cae tran tap kich vao san bay Gia Lam va san bay Cat Bi, cae tran chien thdng trdn dudng sd da ndu cao tinh than bat khuat cua quan va dan ta vting sau lung djch, ddng thdi da ehmig td su that bai cua djch am muu "Binh djnh" vung djch hau d ddng bdng Bde Bp Mae dau quy m6 va trinh dp chidii thuat, ky thuat ed khac nhau, tinh than chien dau anh dung cua eac ddng chi khdng kem tinh than quyet chien, quyet thdng cua can bo va chidn si ta trdn mat tran Didn Bidn Phu Cae ddng chi can sue cimg cd va khuech truong thdng Ipi, day manh chidri tranh du kieh , tich cue giiip dan chdng giac, de phdng chu quan kinh djch, tidp tue phdi hap chat che vdi cupe vay ham dich cua quan ta d Didn Bidn Phu Chiie eac ddng chi thu nhieu thdng Ipi mdi Chao than va quyd't thdng Ni^ay 23 thang nam 1954 Tong tu ldnh quan dpi nhan dan Viet Nam Dai tudng Vo Nguyen Giap 127 PHU LUC 7; BAO CAO V^ PHONG TRAO TA NGAN CUA LIEN KHU UY LIEN KHU HI NAM 1951 (Trich) n - Phong trao tam liii ban dau da phuc hoi, phat trien nhanh chong 1- Dieh chid'm Ta Ngan ddn tung budre, cuoi ndm 1946 ddu ndm 1947, sau chid'm Ha Noi, Hai Duong va Hai Phong, dieh tid'n chidm ducmg so 5, Idn mot sd huyen mien Bde cua Hung Yen, Hai Duong va Kien An Toi cuoi nam 1949 ddu ndm 1950, dich chid'm mien Nam cae tinh trdn 2- Tir dich tam chid'm, trai qua nhOtig eo' gdng cua dieh, su lanh dao, hoat dong cua ta va cung theo nhung dieu kien dia hinh cua timg tinh, phong trao cdc tinh phdt trien khong deu, nci phuc h6i nhanh nhu Hai Duong, Thai Binh, ncd chdm hon nhu Hung Ydn, Kidn An \ 3- Hai Duong liic dau trai qua mot thdi ky tam ngimg trudc su tan i cdng at cua djch: Ca sd bj sep, td chiie ban vii trang bj Idn, nguydn nhan tu tudng chii quan, danh gia thap luc lupng djch cho rdng chiing khdng du sue chidm rpng khdp ddng bdng, do su ehuan bj tu tudng, tinh than eiing.nhu ve vat « chat khdng duac tich cue Djch danh tdi hoa liing tiing thdi ky nay, hoat dong quan su cdn mdc mot khuyet diem la khuynh hudng an to., danh ldi tran dja Ca sd dan dan dupfc phuc hdi nhanh chdng, hoat dong du kich phat trien Phong trao phat trien nhanh nhd su chi dao diing mue, kjp thdi bam dat, bam dan cua dang bp dja phuong, tranh thu dupe nhan dan, dong vidn nhan dan tham gia xay dung lue luong vu trang, ddng gdp c6ng cua vao c6ng cupe khang chidii , 4- Kidn An, Hung Ydn phong trao tidn cham hon, hien cung cdn nhieu khd khan hon d mien Bde Hung Ydn va toan Kien An phuong cham hoat ddng chu ydu van la gay, phat trien co sd, phat trien dan quan du kich Sd di phong trao phuc hdi cham chap, phat trien khd khan vi ve phan ta, su chi dao cua Dang cd chd' sai lam nhu kh6ng kip thdi, kh6ng bam sat co sd, khdng mem deo, van 128 dung phuong cham da'u tranh quan su, chinh trj chua diing liic, diing noi, giao due va sir dung bp dpi dja phuong chua lam diing nhiem vu vu trang mydn truydn, dai dpi dpc lap Vi phia djch, djch da c6ng phdn Idn vide lap huong ddn d Hung Ydn, ve vu trang Dang phai, trai tap trung d Kien An n i - Van de tranh thu nhan dan: Tranh thu nhan dan la mot van de quan trpng Trdn dja ban Ta Ngan vide tranh thu nhan dan da cd nhieu tich Tuy vay da mdc khuyet diem ta khuynh hay huu khuynh trdng vide chi dao Nd bieu 16 d chu truong diet td may mdc, van dung mem deo phuong cham hoat dong quan su, chinh tri cho diing liic, diing noi, thai dp cung mem cho diing, hieu sai chu truong tdng pha td cua Trung uong Nhd vay djch tam thdi cdng vide lap td vii trang, lap huong ddn Vide phat trien huong ddn kha day d Hung Ydn cung cd nhiing nguydn nhan khach quan la dia ban hep, gdn noi quan trpng, djch tich cue tan pha co sd vii trang cho te phan ddng, xay dung huong ddn, kheo diing bpn ky hao, luu manh Nguydn nhan chu quan nang hon su chi dao cua ta, xa nhan dan, thieu mem deo trudc sue ta, sue djch Bp dpi phuong hoat dong thidn chien tich nhe co sd Ciing cd nhiing noi quan trpng nhu Hung Ydn vi du: Mien bde Hai Duong, ICidn An, tiie la mien sat dudng sd 5, nhd chi dao kheo leo hon, ap dung chu truong pha te diing mue hon, ndn vdn cd co sd, ndm dupe nhan dan Hd so 17-VPTU Hai Hung 129 PHU LUC 8; BAO CAO CUA BO TONG THAM MUU \ i PHONG TRAO DAN QUAN DU KICH (Trich trang 8) b- Danh pha giao thong van tai ciia dich: hoat dong dupe tidn hanh manh me sau hoi nghi ducmg 5, ngdy 10 -9 - 1948 vd hoi nghi ngdy - 10 - 1948 (tiie la Ha Noi, Hai Phong, Hai Duong, Nam Dinh) Trong may thdng cuoi ndm 1948 trdn duong so da co 109 trdn dia loi, 20 dau tau bi phd, 99 toa xe va co gidi de trdn tau bi phd, 731 Dieh ehd't vd 386 ten bi thuong (ddu ndm le te hon) Ndm 1949 hoat dong cang manh hon; thang ddu nam da phd eua dieh 24 ddu tau, 121 toa, gidt hon 2.000 dieh Ngoai ddnh dia loi vd tap kieh cdc vi tri le trdn ducmg nhua eiing dat duqc nhieu kd't qua Xe van tai cua dich luon luon bi phd huy Dich rat hoang sp trudc hanh dong nay, phai lap thdm nhieu vi tri de canh gac, de phong vd tdng cudng can quet dpc dudng giao thong Trong cdch ddnh dia loi da xudt hien nhieu nhdn vat didn hinh thu nhieu tich Idn lao nhu anh Sdu Ddu d Hung Ydn, anh Dong Phuong Sdc d Bde Ninh Ddn qudn du kich di doi vdi tdc chid'n, cdn dung phuong phap phd hoai dudng bp, tim each ngdn sdng lam khd khan giao thdng van tai cua dich Hd so sd 41-VPCDQ-BTTM Ngdyl2 thdng 11 ndm 1954 • , 130 PHU LUC 9; SO LUONG NHUNG DOAN TAU BI DANH DO CAC DIA PHUONG TREN DUCiNG SAT HA NOI - HAI PHONG: {Theo so lieu thong ke cua BCHQS cdc huyen Gia Ldm, My Vdn, Cam Binh, Nam Thanh,Kim Mon, An Hdi) Tong Huyen H Vdn Ldin Cam Nam Sdeh Kim An sd Gia Ldm va My Hao Giang Thanh Ha Thanh Duong 1946- 1949 69 26 21 12 1950 - 1954 63 28 17 1946 - 1954 132 54 14 38 19 Theo sd hdu tong ket cua Quan khu 3, trdn doan dudng tir Van Lam den An Duong, ta da danhdo va pha hdng 1299 dau may va toa tau cua djch PHU LUC 10: THONG KE MOT SO HINH THl/C DANH DICH MOT SO HUYEN DUCJNG (theo so lieu cua ban chi huy cdc huyen Kim Thdnh, My Vdn, Gia Ldm) Danh Phuc kich Chdng Pha cau don can dudng 113 trdn 110 trdn 15 trdn 36 trdn Bac Himg Yen 124 trdn 196 trdn 62 trdn 85 trdn Gia 66 trdn 29 trdn 44 trdn Kim Quay rdi Danh dia loi 82 trdn 408 trdn Thanh Lani 50 trdn 186 trdn 176 trdn 554 trdn T>T7T ' T T " / ^ :* * A V A V \ I - 131 1>| 1 ^^*»pi,'*^-'rv - ^ *i £)o«^ i^a/ kieu Gia ldm di du Bai hen Ddng Tinh Hiaigyen (Anh :Lich su dang bo huyeti Gia Lam) Lap Hudn luyen vdn hoa khdng chien chong Phdp Huyen uy Gia ldm to chuc, ( Anh' Lich sir dang bo huyen Gia Lam -tap 989) 7zi bo xd Trudng Chinh (Hoixd • Giang bien) nhdn ca thucmg sau chien dich Mat tran duong (A'nh- Lich sir dang bo huyen Gia Lam- tap 1) K \pyi\ • / \ ^ / GM K V / BAAf cni^Huy i '4 2^0 c n V V (Anh : Lich sir dang bo huyen An Hai) 133 ()linn :- c;I n! p 111'l (\ i vnu ^•, 39 n11 iln^ n;.;hy d tiu !•• ( i ' l i u : c h i '' n I CW0-1 i 'f^y^ D.'lp 11 ch i e n tren Dfiv mnnh ctfi'ii conj^ d •^' s o n p^ n oli;: lac CO d o n l-;hnn^ ch i on 1^^ 1! I n c'i'Ja d o Con,^: • if bi.nli xif(fne Ha i Hirdnj; F.hn xufu Iron2 nluTn^ n,i;.']\- :t'ui l:ii Difonc liiiili < narie I."* D/c Miiiii • L i i O.lch ' ^1M1 ' M.iiiE 10 Die Hoant! K\ D.n Di'c Kim Moii ... TUYEN DUONG HA NOI- HAI PHONG (1946- 1954) 58 * 87 KET LUAN 109 THUMUC 116 PHULUC 722 > -> MODAU /- Y NGHIA, MUC DICH CUA DETAL Chien tranh nhan dan la cuoc chien tranh chinh nghia, nhan dan tien... tiep tuc day mqnh chien tranh nhdn ddn tren tuyen dudng, gop phdn tich cue dua khdng chien den thdng Iqi (1950 -1954) Chuong 3: MOT s o BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM VE LANH DAO CHIEN TRANH NHAN DAN TREN TUYEN... la chien tranh nhan dan, toan dan, toan dien, toan dan danh giac Chien tranh nhan dan la noi dung ea ban, bao trum va xuyen sudt dudng loi quan su cua Dang ta Duong Idi, quan diem chien tranh nhan