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Analysing English Grammar
Title
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction to functional grammatical analysis
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.1.1 The motivation for this book
1.1.2 Goals of the chapter
1.1.3 How the chapter is organized
1.2 ANALYSING GRAMMAR WITHIN A FUNCTIONAL FRAMEWORK
1.2.1 A functional–structural view of language
1.3 AN OVERVIEW OF SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS
1.3.1 Functions of grammar
1.3.1.1 Choice and meaning
1.3.1.2 Function and context
1.3.2 The multifunctional nature of the clause
1.4 THE GOAL OF GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS
1.4.1 The organization of the book
1.5 EXERCISES
Exercise 1.1
Clause recognition exercise
Exercise 1.2
1.6 FURTHER READING
Chapter 2: The units of language analysis
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.1.1 Goals and limitations of the chapter
2.1.2 Notation used in the book
2.2 THE CLAUSE: ELEMENTS AND UNITS
2.2.1 Units of the clause
2.3 WORD AND GROUP CLASSES
2.3.1 Lexical categories (also known as word classes)
2.3.1.1 Nouns
2.3.1.2 Pronouns
2.3.1.3 ‘One’
2.3.1.4 Verbs
2.3.1.5 Adjectives and adverbs
2.3.1.6 Prepositions
2.3.1.7 Articles and numerals
2.3.1.8 Conjunctions
2.3.1.9 Other lexical categories
2.3.2 Groups and group classification
2.3.2.1 Classification of groups
2.4 AN INITIAL VIEW OF THE CLAUSE: REPRESENTING FUNCTIONS AND STRUCTURES
2.5 SUMMARY
2.6 EXERCISES
Exercise 2.1 Word class recognition
Exercise 2.2
Exercise 2.3 Ambiguity
2.7 FURTHER READING
Chapter 3: The grammar of things: the nominal group
3.1 INTRODUCTION TO REFERRING EXPRESSIONS
3.2 THE NOMINAL GROUP
3.2.1 Determiners
3.2.1.1 Deictic determiners
3.2.1.2 Genitive phrases
3.2.1.3 Quantifying determiners
3.2.2 Partitive determiners
3.2.3 Modifiers
3.2.3.1 The adjective group
3.2.4 Qualifiers
3.2.4.1 The prepositional phrase
3.2.4.2 Some examples of qualifiers
3.3 TESTS FOR RECOGNIZING NOMINAL GROUP BOUNDARIES
3.3.1 Pronoun replacement (or substitution) test
3.3.2 Movement test
3.4 WORKED EXAMPLE OF THE NOMINAL GROUP ANALYSIS
3.5 EXERCISES
Exercise 3.1
Exercise 3.2
3.6 FURTHER READING
Chapter 4: Representing experience
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.1.1 Goals (and limitations) of this chapter
4.2 ANALYSING EXPERIENTIAL MEANING
4.2.1 The grammar of processes and participants
4.2.2 The grammar of descriptions: circumstances and relevant structures
4.3 TESTS FOR ANALYSING PROCESSES, PARTICIPANTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES
4.3.1 Processes
4.3.1.1 Verb semantics
4.3.1.2 Multiple lexical verbs
4.3.1.3 Phrasal verbs
4.3.1.4 Passive voice construction and relational processes
4.3.2 Probes for identifying the functions of participating entities
4.3.2.1 Probes for material processes
4.3.2.2 Probes for mental processes
4.3.2.3 Probes for relational processes
4.3.2.4 Probes for verbal processes
4.3.2.5 Probes for behavioural processes
4.3.2.6 Probes for existential processes
4.3.3 Circumstances
4.3.3.1 Circumstance or participant
4.3.3.2 Circumstance or qualifier within a nominal group
4.4 FUNCTIONAL–STRUCTURAL VIEW OF THE EXPERIENTIAL STRAND OF MEANING
4.4.1 Structural units expressing experiential functions
4.4.1.1 Adverb group
4.4.1.2 Co-ordination
4.4.2 Functional analysis of the clause
4.4.2.1 Guidelines for analysing experiential meaning
4.4.2.2 List of clauses
4.5 SUMMARY
4.6 EXERCISES
Exercise 4.1
4.7 FURTHER READING
Chapter 5: Orienting language
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 GOALS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE CHAPTER
5.3 THE ROLE OF SUBJECT AND ITS PLACE IN THE CLAUSE
5.3.1 Identifying Subject
5.4 THE FINITE ELEMENT
5.4.1 Primary and modal auxiliary verbs
5.4.2 Finite and non-finite clauses
5.4.2.1 Three types of non-finite clauses
5.4.2.2 Recognizing non-finite clauses
5.5 MODALITY
5.6 POLARITY
5.7 AN INTERPERSONAL VIEW OF THE CLAUSE
5.7.1 Experiential and interpersonal structure
5.7.2 The verb group
5.7.2.1 The structure of the verb group
5.7.3 Interpersonal analysis of the clause
5.7.3.1 Guidelines for analysing experiential and interpersonal meaning
5.8 MOOD
5.9 SUMMARY
5.10 EXERCISES
Exercise 5.1
Exercise 5.2
5.11 FURTHER READING
Chapter 6: Organizing language
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.1.1 Goals and outline of the chapter
6.2 A TEXTUAL VIEW OF THE CLAUSE
6.2.1 On Theme
6.2.2 Thematic status
6.3 THEME AND MOOD
6.3.1 Declarative mood
6.3.2 Interrogative mood
6.3.3 Imperative mood
6.4 TYPES OF THEME
6.4.1 Experiential Theme
6.4.2 Textual Theme
6.4.3 Interpersonal Theme
6.5 THEMATIC CONSTRUCTIONS
6.5.1 Existential Theme
6.5.2 Extraposed participant
6.5.3 Preposed Theme
6.6 ANALYSING THEME
6.6.1 Towards a full three-strand multifunctional analysis
6.6.1.1 Guidelines for analysing experiential, interpersonal and textual meaning
6.6.2 A sample three-strand analysis of the clause
6.7 TEXTURE
6.7.1 Thematic progression
6.7.2 Textual cohesion
6.7.2.1 Cohesive reference
6.7.2.2 Ellipsis
6.7.2.3 Conjunctions
6.8 SUMMARY
6.9 EXERCISES
Exercise 6.1
6.10 FURTHER READING
Chapter 7: From text to clause
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.1.1 Goals and limitations
7.2 TEXTUAL THEMES AND CLAUSE BOUNDARIES
7.3 COMBINING CLAUSES
7.3.1 Co-ordinating clauses
7.3.2 Subordinating clauses
7.3.3 Embedding clauses
7.4 IDENTIFYING CLAUSE BOUNDARIES
7.4.1 Identifying possible clauses
7.4.2 Restoring ellipsed items
7.4.3 Identifying all verbs
7.4.3.1 Verify word class of verbs
7.4.4 Identify verb groups
7.4.5 Finding the Finite element
7.4.6 Verifying clause boundaries
7.5 SUMMARY
7.6 EXERCISES
Exercise 7.1
Exercise 7.2
Exercise 7.3
7.7 FURTHER READING
Chapter 8: Guidelines for grammatical analysis
8.1 A FOCUS ON WRITTEN TEXTS
8.2 SUMMARY OF GRAMMATICAL TESTS
8.2.1 Key to abbreviations
8.3 THE THREE-STRAND ANALYSIS
8.3.1 Overview of the ten steps
8.3.2 The text and clause list
8.3.3 Analysing the clause, step by step
8.4 SUMMARY
8.5 EXERCISES
Exercise 8.1
Exercise 8.2
Exercise 8.3
8.6 FURTHER READING
Chapter 9: There and back again: interpreting the analysis
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.1.1 Theory–description–use–theory cycle
9.1.2 Goals of the chapter
9.1.3 Organization of the chapter
9.2 PATTERNS OF MEANING IN TEXT
9.2.1 Experiential meaning
9.2.2 Interpersonal meaning
9.2.3 Textual meaning
9.2.4 Referent analysis
9.2.5 Summary
9.3 FINAL REMARKS
9.4 EXERCISES
Exercise 9.1
Exercise 9.2
9.5 FURTHER READING
Chapter 10: Answers to exercises
10.1 CHAPTER 1
Exercise 1.1
Exercise 1.2
10.2 CHAPTER 2
Exercise 2.1 Word class recognition
Exercise 2.2
Exercise 2.3 Ambiguity
10.3 CHAPTER 3
Exercise 3.1
Exercise 3.2
10.4 CHAPTER 4
Exercise 4.1
10.5 CHAPTER 5
Exercise 5.1
Exercise 5.2
10.6 CHAPTER 6
Exercise 6.1
10.7 CHAPTER 7
Exercise 7.1
Exercise 7.2
Exercise 7.3
10.8 CHAPTER 8
Exercise 8.1
Exercise 8.2
Exercise 8.3
10.9 CHAPTER 9
Exercise 9.1
Sample clause analysis
Exercise 9.2
Notes
References
Index
Nội dung
Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Analysing English Grammar A practical step-by-step introduction to the analysis of English grammar, this book leaves the reader confident to tackle the challenges analysing grammar may pose The first textbook to take an integrated approach to function and structure in grammatical analysis, it allows students to build experience, skill and confidence in working with grammar The innovative, hybrid approach combines an introduction to systemic functional theory with a solid grounding in grammatical structure The book approaches grammar in an incremental way, enabling students to develop grammatical skill in stages It is of particular value to those starting to work with functional grammar but it is also relevant for experienced readers who are interested in developing a more systematic approach to grammatical analysis l i s e f o n t a i n e is a lecturer in the Centre for Language and Communication Research at Cardiff University www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Analysing English Grammar A systemic functional introduction LISE FONTAINE Cardiff University www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521151931 # Lise Fontaine 2013 This publication is in copyright Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press First published 2013 Printed and bound in the United Kingdom by the MPG Books Group A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data Fontaine, Lise, author Analysing English grammar : a systemic-functional introduction / Lise Fontaine, Cardiff University pages cm ISBN 978-0-521-19066-4 – ISBN 978-0-521-15193-1 (Paperback) English language–Grammar I Title PE1112.F616 2012 425–dc23 2012015818 ISBN 978-0-521-19066-4 Hardback ISBN 978-0-521-15193-1 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Contents Preface page ix Introduction to functional grammatical analysis 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Analysing grammar within a functional framework 1.3 An overview of systemic functional linguistics 1.4 The goal of grammatical analysis 12 1.5 Exercises 13 1.6 Further reading 14 The units of language analysis 2.1 Introduction 16 2.2 The clause: elements and units 2.3 Word and group classes 16 19 26 2.4 An initial view of the clause: representing functions and structures 2.5 Summary 42 2.6 Exercises 42 2.7 Further reading 43 The grammar of things: the nominal group 3.1 Introduction to referring expressions 3.2 The nominal group 46 3.4 Worked example of the nominal group analysis 3.5 Exercises 70 3.6 Further reading 70 Representing experience 44 44 3.3 Tests for recognizing nominal group boundaries 4.1 Introduction 63 67 71 71 4.2 Analysing experiential meaning 71 4.3 Tests for analysing processes, participants and circumstances 4.4 Functional–structural view of the experiential strand of meaning 4.5 Summary 107 4.6 Exercises 107 4.7 Further reading 81 93 108 Orienting language 5.1 Introduction 37 109 109 5.2 Goals and limitations of the chapter 110 5.3 The role of subject and its place in the clause 5.4 The Finite element 115 110 v www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Contents 5.5 Modality 5.6 Polarity 120 121 5.7 An interpersonal view of the clause 122 5.8 Mood 134 5.9 Summary 137 5.10 Exercises 137 5.11 Further reading 138 Organizing language 139 6.1 Introduction 139 6.2 A textual view of the clause 6.3 Theme and Mood 6.4 Types of Theme 147 6.5 Thematic constructions 6.6 Analysing Theme 6.7 Texture 166 6.8 Summary 6.9 Exercises 139 142 153 155 171 172 6.10 Further reading From text to clause 172 174 7.1 Introduction 174 7.2 Textual Themes and clause boundaries 7.3 Combining clauses 175 7.4 Identifying clause boundaries 7.5 Summary 7.6 Exercises 180 188 188 7.7 Further reading 189 Guidelines for grammatical analysis 8.1 A focus on written texts 190 8.2 Summary of grammatical tests 8.3 The three-strand analysis 192 8.4 Summary 175 190 191 216 8.5 Exercises 217 8.6 Further reading 218 There and back again: interpreting the analysis 9.1 Introduction 219 219 9.2 Patterns of meaning in text 9.3 Final remarks 237 9.4 Exercises 238 9.5 Further reading 10 Answers to exercises 10.1 Chapter 240 10.2 Chapter 241 10.3 Chapter 242 221 239 240 vi www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Contents 10.4 Chapter 10.5 Chapter 243 250 10.6 Chapter 251 10.7 Chapter 10.8 Chapter 254 255 10.9 Chapter 267 Notes 278 References Index 279 282 vii www.Ebook777.com Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com ... www.Ebook777.com Analysing English Grammar A practical step-by-step introduction to the analysis of English grammar, this book leaves the reader confident to tackle the challenges analysing grammar may... author Analysing English grammar : a systemic-functional introduction / Lise Fontaine, Cardiff University pages cm ISBN 978-0-521-19066-4 – ISBN 978-0-521-15193-1 (Paperback) English language? ?Grammar. .. www.Ebook777.com 1.2 Analysing grammar within a functional framework 1.1.3 How the chapter is organized In the next section we will cover the basic principles of analysing grammar within a functional