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Want to learn more?We hope you enjoy this McGraw-Hill eBook! If you d likeand websites, please click here.DOI Page 6x9 11/12/02 10:11 AM Page 1more information about this book, its author, or related books, EnglishGrammarfor the Utterly Confused9682 Rozakis_fm_f.qxd 5/9/03 3:20 PM Page i This page intentionally left blank. English Grammar for the UtterlyConfusedLaurie Rozakis, Ph.D.McGraw-HillNew York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London MadridMexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul SingaporeSydney Toronto9682 Rozakis_fm_f.qxd 5/9/03 3:20 PM Page iii Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States ofAmerica. 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Under no cir-cumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, conse-quential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has beenadvised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatso-ever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.DOI: 10.1036/0071430970ebook_copyright 7x9.qxd 7/23/03 11:02 AM Page 1 To Robert from Farmingdale .always and forever.9682 Rozakis_fm_f.qxd 5/9/03 3:20 PM Page v This page intentionally left blank. Iwould like to thank Barbara Gilson, the editorial director of Schaum. Barbara, youare a dear friend, and it is always a treat working with you.Thank you also to all the hard-working people at McGraw-Hill who take my manu-scripts and turn them into books. They are Andrew Littell, Maureen B. Walker, andMaureen Harper. You make me look so good!And grateful acknowledgement to the wonderful staff of the Farmingdale PublicLibrary. From reference to circulation, youth services to technical processing, youalways manage to get me the material I need. Your experience, expertise, and kindnessare much appreciated. Finally, my thanks to my children, Charles and Samantha, andtheir friends. When “book writing” gets tough, I can always count on the kids for a much-needed break!vvvviivvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvAcknowledgments9682 Rozakis_fm_f.qxd 5/9/03 3:20 PM Page vii This page intentionally left blank. [...]... PM Page 5 English Grammar for the Utterly Confused 9682 Rozakis_fm_f.qxd 5/9/03 3:20 PM Page i 12 ENGLISH GRAMMAR FOR THE UTTERLY CONFUSED 7. Interrogative pronouns ask a question. They are: what, which, who, whom, whose. Who would like to cook dinner? Which side does the fork go on? 8. Indefinite pronouns refer to people, places, objects, or things without pointing to a specific one. The most common... that they change form depending on how they are used in a sentence. English has three cases: nominative, objective, and possessive. ● In the nominative case, the pronoun is used as a subject. I threw the ball. ● In the objective case, the pronoun is used as an object. Give the ball to me. ● In the possessive case, the pronoun is used to show ownership. The ball is mine. The following chart shows the. .. case. The rules are explained below. Relax: They’re actually not difficult at all! Using the Nominative Case 1. Use the nominative case to show the subject of a verb. Father and (I, me) like to shop at flea markets. Answer: I is the subject of the sentence. Therefore, the pronoun is in the nominative case: “Father and I like to shop at flea markets.” To help determine the correct pronoun, take away the. .. for Terms of Use. 10 ENGLISH GRAMMAR FOR THE UTTERLY CONFUSED Quick Tip The word antecedent comes from a Latin word meaning “to go before.” However, the noun does not have to appear before the pronoun in a sentence. It often does, though, to keep sentences clear and avoid misreadings. 1. Personal pronouns refer to a specific person, place, object, or thing. 2. Possessive pronouns show ownership. The. .. apposition with the noun police officers, which is in the nominative case. Therefore, the sentence should read: Two police officers, Alice and she, were commended for bravery. Exception: A pronoun used as the subject of an infinitive is in the objective case. For exam- ple: “Juan expects Luz and (I, me) to host the reception.” The correct pronoun here is me, since it is the subject of the infinitive... me, so the sentence reads: “Sit by me.” Using the Possessive Case 1. Use the possessive case to show ownership. The child refused to admit that the sweater was (her’s, hers). Answer: Hers is the correct spelling of the possessive case, which is needed here to express ownership (belonging to her). Therefore, the sentence should read: The child refused to admit that the sweater was hers.” 2. Use the possessive... changing the meaning. For example: The book gave (to) my boss and (to) me some new strategies.” The bill gave (we, us) a shock. Answer: The bill gave us a shock. 3. Use the objective case for the object of a preposition. Remember that a preposition is a small word that links a noun or a pronoun following it to another word in the sentence. Sit by (I, me). Answer: The pronoun is the object of the preposition... promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george_hoare @mcgraw- hill. com or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw- Hill Companies, Inc. ( McGraw- Hill ) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except as permitted under the Copyright... FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw- Hill and its licensors do not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw- Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw- Hill. .. many?”) after the verb. 18. (Helping verbs, Linking verbs) join the subject and the predicate and do not show action. 19. Helping verbs, which are added to another verb to make the meaning clearer, can include any form of (to be, to see). 20. In the sentence “I traded my sandwich for three oatmeal cookies,” the word oatmeal is a/n (noun, adjective). Multiple-Choice Questions Identify the part of speech for the . books, EnglishGrammarfor the Utterly Confused9 682 Rozakis_fm_f.qxd 5/9/03 3:20 PM Page i This page intentionally left blank. English Grammar for the UtterlyConfusedLaurie. resulting therefrom .McGraw- Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work. Under no cir-cumstances shall McGraw- Hill