Tài liệu "English grammar".
English grammarPart 1THE USES AND FORMATION OF THE ENGLISH VERB TENSESTHE ACTIVE VOICE OF THE VERB TO SHOWTHE VERB TO BE AND THE PASSIVE VOICE OF THE VERB TO SHOWCOMMON ENGLISH IRREGULAR VERBS CHAPTER 1. The simple present of the verb to be 1. Grammar2. Verb forms3. Uses of the simple present tense4. The simple present of the verb to be a. Affirmative statementsb. Questionsc. Negative statementsd. Negative questionse. Tag questionsExercises CHAPTER 2. The simple present of verbs other than the verb to be 1. The formation of the simple presenta. The simple present of the verb to have 2. Spelling rules for adding s in the third person singular a. Verbs ending in y b. Verbs ending in o c. Verbs ending in ch , s , sh , x or z 3. Pronunciation of the es ending 4. The auxiliary do a. Questionsb. Negative statementsc. Negative questionsd. Tag questionse. The verb to have Exercises CHAPTER 3. The present continuous1. Uses of the present continuous2. Formation of the present continuous3. Spelling rules for the formation of the present participle a. Verbs ending in a silent e b. Verbs ending in ie c. One-syllable verbs ending in a single consonant preceded by a single voweld. Verbs of more than one syllable which end in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel4. Questions and negative statementsa. Questionsb. Negative statementsc. Negative questionsd. Tag questions5. Comparison of the uses of the simple present and present continuousExercises CHAPTER 4. The present perfect and the present perfect continuous1. Use of the present perfect2. Formation of the present perfect: Regular verbs3. Spelling rules for adding ed to form the past participle a. Verbs ending in a silent e b. Verbs ending in y c. Verbs ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel4. Pronunciation of the ed ending 5. Formation of the present perfect: Irregular verbs6. Questions and negative statementsa. Questionsb. Negative statementsc. Negative questionsd. Tag questions7. The present perfect continuousa. Useb. Formationc. Questions and negative statementsExercises CHAPTER 5. The simple past1. Uses of the simple past2. Formation of the simple pasta. The verb to be i. Questions and negative statementsb. Other verbsi. Questions and negative statements3. The simple past of to use followed by an infinitive Exercises C.HAPTER 6 The past continuous, the past perfect and the past perfect continuous1. Summary of the uses of the English tenses2. The past continuous a. Useb. Formationc. Questions and negative statements3. The past perfecta. Useb. Formationc. Questions and negative statements4. The past perfect continuousa. Useb. Formationc. Questions and negative statements5. Summary of the formation of the English present and past tenses6. Emphatic statementsExercises CHAPTER 7. The future tenses1. The simple futurea. Useb. Formationc. Questions and negative statements2. The conjugation expressing determination and compulsion3. The present continuous of to go followed by an infinitive 4. The future continuousa. Useb. Formationc. Questions and negative statements5. The future perfecta. Useb. Formationc. Questions and negative statements6. The future perfect continuousa. Useb. Formationc. Questions and negative statements7. Summary of the formation of the English future tenses8. Clausesa. Coordinate clausesb. Subordinate clausesc. The past perfect and the simple pastd. The use of the present in subordinate clauses to express future actionsExercises CHAPTER 8. Conjugations with the auxiliary would 1. Uses of the auxiliary would 2. Formation of conjugations with the auxiliary would a. The simple conjugation with the auxiliary would b. The continuous conjugation with the auxiliary would c. The perfect conjugation with the auxiliary would d. The perfect continuous conjugation with the auxiliary would 3. Summary of the formation of the conjugations with the auxiliary would 4. The "future in the past"Exercises CHAPTER 9. The subjunctive1. Uses of the subjunctive2. Formation of the subjunctive3. Formal commands and requests4. Wishesa. An earlier timeb. The same timec. A later timed. Summarye. Use of the auxiliary could in expressing wishes 5. Conditions which are false or improbablea. Forms of the verb used in the main clausei. Referring to present or future timeii. Referring to past timeiii. Summaryiv. Use of the auxiliary could in sentences containing false or improbable conditions b. Forms of the verb used in the subordinate clausei. Referring to present or future timeii. Referring to past timeiii. Summaryc. Changing a statement containing a probable condition into a statement containing an improbable condition6. The imperative moodExercises CHAPTER 10. Modal verbs1. Formation of the modal conjugationsa. Questionsb. Negative statementsc. Negative questionsd. Tag questions2. Relationships among the modal auxiliaries3. Can and could 4. May , might and must 5. Should 6. Expressions Which are synonymous with the modal auxiliariesa. The pronunciation of have to 7. The use of auxiliaries in tag questions, short answers and ellipsisa. Negative tag questionsb. Affirmative tag questions c. Short answersd. EllipsisExercises CHAPTER 11. Transitive and intransitive verbs1. Direct objects2. Lay and lie , raise and rise and set and sit a. To lay and to lie b. To raise and to rise c. To set and to sit 3. Indirect objectsExercises CHAPTER 12. The passive voice1. Use of the passive voice2. Formation of the indicative mood of the passive voicea. The Simple Present indicativeb. The other indicative tensesc. Summary of the formation of the indicative tenses of the passive voice3. Questions and negative statementsa. Questionsb. Negative statementsc. Negative questions4. Changing the voice of a verb5. Changing the voice of a verb while preserving the meaning of a sentencea. Changing the verb from the active voice to the passive voiceb. Changing the verb from the passive voice to the active voicec. Changing the voice of a verb which takes both a direct object and an indirect object6. The subjunctive mood of the passive voicea. Use of the simple present subjunctiveb. Use of the past forms of the subjunctiveExercises CHAPTER 13. Nouns: The formation of plurals1. Proper nouns2. Countable nouns3. The formation of pluralsa. Nouns ending in ch , s , sh , x or z b. Nouns ending in y c. Plurals of proper nounsd. Nouns ending in f or fe e. Nouns ending in o f. Foreign wordsg. Hyphenated nounsh. Numbers and lettersi. Irregular plurals Exercises CHAPTER 14. Singular countable nouns1. The use of determiners with singular countable nouns2. A and an 3. The use of a and an before singular countable nouns a. A weakened form of one b. Naming a professionc. Making a general statementd. Referring to something not mentioned beforee. A or an with the meaning of per 4. The use of the before singular countable nouns a. Referring to something mentioned beforeb. Referring to something uniquec. Referring to something when it is considered obvious what is meantd. Referring to something as a classExercises CHAPTER 15. Plural countable nouns1. The absence of a determiner before plural countable nounsa. Making a general statementb. Referring to something not mentioned beforec. Naming a profession2. The Use of The Before plural countable nouns a. Referring to something mentioned beforeb. Referring to something when it is considered obvious what is meantc. Names of nationalitiesd. Adjectives referring to classes of people3. The use of the with proper nouns a. Names of peopleb. Names of places4. Nouns used only in the pluralExercises CHAPTER 16. Uncountable nouns1. The absence of a determiner before uncountable nounsa. Making a general statementb. Referring to something not mentioned before2. The use of the before uncountable nouns a. Referring to something mentioned beforeb. Referring to something when it is considered obvious what is meant3. The use of uncountable nouns to refer to individual things4. Nouns which can be either countable or uncountablea. Differences in meaningb. Referring to a type of somethingc. Referring to places used for specific activities d. Names of meals5. Infinitives used in the place of nouns6. Gerunds7. Specific verbs followed by infinitives and gerundsa. Verbs followed by infinitivesb. Verbs followed by either infinitives or gerundsc. Verbs followed by gerundsExercises CHAPTER 17. Nouns indicating possession and compound subjects1. Ways in which possession is indicateda. The ending s b. The ending s' c. Phrases beginning with of d. Two consecutive nouns2. Agreement of verbs with collective nouns and compound subjectsa. Collective nounsb. Amounts considered as a wholec. Compound subjectsi. Compound subjects with and ii. Compound subjects with or or nor d. Nouns followed by descriptive phrasesExercises CHAPTER 18. Personal pronouns1. The subjective case2. Agreement of personal pronouns with their antecedentsa. Male and female antecedentsb. Singular and plural antecedentsc. Human and non-human antecedents3. Special uses of it 4. The objective case5. Possessive personal pronounsa. Possessive adjectivesi. Possessive adjectives used with gerundsb. Possessive pronouns6. Reflexive pronounsExercises CHAPTER 19. Other pronouns1. Indefinite pronounsa. The use of one in general statements 2. Reciprocal pronouns3. Demonstrative pronouns4. Interrogative pronounsa. Direct questions b. The pronoun who i. Who ii. Whom iii. Whose c. What and which d. Indirect questionsi. Interrogative word as the subjectii. Interrogative word as the object of a verb or prepositioniii. The verb to be with a noun or pronoun complement 5. Relative pronounsa. Defining and non-defining relative clausesi. Non-defining relative clausesii. Defining relative clausesb. That c. Which d. Who , whom and whose e. Comparison of the use of that , which and who f. Other relative pronounsExercises CHAPTER 20. Determiners1. Determiners used to refer to groups of two persons or things2. Determiners used as singular or plural pronouns3. The use of all , both and each 4. The use of no , none and not 5. The use of some and any 6. The use of another , other , others and else 7. The use of only 8. The use of few , little and several 9. The expressions such . that , so . that and too a. Such . that b. So . that c. Too Exercises . English grammarPart 1THE USES AND FORMATION OF THE ENGLISH VERB TENSESTHE ACTIVE VOICE OF THE VERB TO. PASSIVE VOICE OF THE VERB TO SHOWCOMMON ENGLISH IRREGULAR VERBS CHAPTER 1. The simple present of the verb to be 1. Grammar2 . Verb forms3. Uses of the simple