VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES - - HOÀNG THỊ MỴ A CROSS – CULTURAL STUDY ON THE ECONOMICALITY AND REDUNDANCY IN REQUESTING IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE Nghiên cứu giao văn hóa tính kiệm ngôn rườm ngôn hành vi yêu cầu người Anh người Việt M.A Minor Thesis Field: Linguistics Code: 602215 HANOI – 2010 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES - - HOÀNG THỊ MỴ ON THE ECONOMICALITY AND REDUNDANCY IN REQUESTING IN ENGLISH A A CROSS – CULTURAL STUDY ND VIETNAMESE Nghiên cứu giao văn hóa tính kiệm ngơn rườm ngơn hành vi yêu cầu người Anh người Việt M.A Minor Thesis Field: Linguistics Code: 602215 By: Hoang Thi My – K16C Supervisor: Do Thi Mai Thanh, M.A HANOI - 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration Acknowledgements Abstract List of abbreviations List of tables PART A: INTRODUCTION Rationale and the statement of the problem Aims of the study Significance of the study Scope of the study Method of the study PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Speech acts and classification of speech acts 1.2 Requesting as a speech act 1.3 Redundancy and classification of redundancy 1.3.1 Redundancy 1.3.2 Classification of redundancy 1.3.2.1 Modality redundancy 1.3.2.2 Habitual redundancy 1.3.2.3 Insufficient redundancy 1.4 Economicality and classification of economicality 1.4.1 Economicality 1.4.2 Classification of economicality 1.4.2.1 Modality economicality 1.4.2.2 Habitual economicaltiy 1.4.2.3 Insufficient economicality 1.5 Lexico modal markers 1.6 Previous studies on lexico modal markers, addresser’s/addressee’s gender and relative age when making requests CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY 2.1 Research design 2.2 Participants 2.3 Data collection instrument 2.4 Data collection procedures 2.5 Data analysis methods and procedures CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 The popularity of economicality and redundancy in requesting 3.2 The link between the addresser’s/ addressee’s gender and relative age and the lexico modal makers seen as redundancy – creating factors 3.2.1 The use of lexico modal markers for communicative partner of same sex and younger 3.2.2 The use of lexico modal markers for communicative partner of same sex and older 3.2.3 The use of lexico modal markers for communicative partner of opposite sex and younger 3.2.4 The use of lexico modal markers for communicative partner of opposite sex and older PART C: CONCLUSION Conclusions Pedagogical implications Suggestions for further study REFERENCES APPENDIX ... OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST – GRADUATE STUDIES - - HOÀNG THỊ MỴ ON THE ECONOMICALITY AND REDUNDANCY IN REQUESTING IN ENGLISH A A CROSS – CULTURAL STUDY ND VIETNAMESE. .. popularity of economicality and redundancy in requesting 3.2 The link between the addresser’s/ addressee’s gender and relative age and the lexico modal makers seen as redundancy – creating factors... redundancy 1.3.2.3 Insufficient redundancy 1.4 Economicality and classification of economicality 1.4.1 Economicality 1.4.2 Classification of economicality