bendetskaya m e gerund english grammar practice 2

Практическая грамматика ГЕРУНДИЙ En gl i sh Grammar Practice THE GE R U N D Учебное пособие для студентов специальности «Современные иностранные языки» учреждений, обеспечивающих получение высшего образования 2-е издание, исправленное и дополненное Минск Лексис 2013 УДК 811.111'367(075.8) ББК 81.2Англ-923 П69 Авторы: старший преподаватель кафедры ТиПАР МГЛУ М Е Бендецкая, старший преподаватель кафедры ТиПАР МГЛУ Т В Рахунок, старший преподаватель кафедры ТиПАР МГЛУ Н В Федосеева, преподаватель кафедры ТиПАР МГЛУ С А Лысенко, преподаватель кафедры ТиПАР МГЛУ Ю В Кривко Бендецкая, М Е П69 Практическая грамматика: Герундий = English Grammar Practice: The Gerund : учебное посо­ бие / М E Бендецкая [и др.] — 2-е изд — Минск : Лексис, 2013 — 128 с ISBN 978-985-6932-33-8 Цель данного пособия - развитие и совершенствование грамматических знаний, навыков и умений студентов, предусмотренных типовой учебной программой для ВУЗов по специальности "Современные иностранные языки" в рам­ ках изучения темы "Герундий" Пособие состоит из взаимосвязанных разделов описательного и практического характера Предназначено для студентов языковых ВУЗов и факультетов, изучающих английский язык на продвинутом уровне, а также может быть использовано широким кругом лиц, изучающих английский язык на курсах или самостоятельно УДК 811.111'367(075.8) ББК 81.2АНГЛ-923 ISBN 978-985-6932-33-8 © Оформление ООО "Лексис", 2012 © Оформление, с изменениями ООО "Лексис", 2013 The Morphological Categories o f the Gerund THE GERUND Being honest may not get you lots of friends, but you will always get the right ones Anonymous Success is the ability to go from failure to failure without losing your enthusiasm Winston Churchill The gerund is a non-finite form of the verb that ends in -ing and functions as a noun In other words, the gerund is a verbal with some syntactic nominal features nominal characteristics verbal characteristics morphological categories • Gerunds have the category of time correlation • Gerunds of transitive verbs have the category of voice syntactic features • Gerunds can be modified by adverbials • Gerunds can take prepo­ sitional objects • Gerunds of transitive verbs can take direct and indirect objects • Gerunds can function as subjects, predicatives or objects • Gerunds used as predicatives, objects, attributes or adverbials can take prepositions • Gerunds can combine with nouns in the possessive case or possessive pronouns • Gerunds can combine with the determiner 'no' Unlike a noun of verbal origin which tends to express the fact or the result of the action or state, the gerund emphasises the process itself, it shows an action or state of being Compare: I spent two weeks in translating the article = Я провел две недели за переводом статьи They say that the translation is good = Говорят, что перевод хороший Without your helping me all those years, I would not have achieved my goal - Без твоей многолетней помощи я бы не достиг своей цели Thank you fo r your help = Спасибо за твою помощь I ® ln this book we often use the phrase 'the action of the gerund' to describe a range of meanings the gerund has: the process, state of being and action This is done to save the reader's precious time and valuable space in the book English Grammar Practice THE MORPHOLOGICAL CATEGORIES OF THE GERUND The morphological characteristics of the gerund reveal its verbal nature The four forms of the gerund reflect two morphological categories: the category of time correlation and the category of voice NON-PERFECT PERFECT ACTIVE PASSIVE doing being done having done having been done THE CATEGORY OF TIME CORRELATION Gerunds not have the category of tense and can not refer an action directly to the present, past or future Their time reference is relative: it can be understood through the reference of the action expressed by the gerund to the time of the finite verb This peculiarity is based on the category of time correlation, which is revealed in the opposition of non-perfect and perfect forms A C T IV E P A SSIV E N O N -P E R FE C T PER FECT doing having done being done having been done Ш The non-perfect gerund - often called indefinite - may describe an action that takes place at the same time with the action of the finite verb He is / was / will be surprised at seeing us = Он удивлен / удивился / будет удивлен, увидев нас an action that follows the action of the finite verb She has an odd feeling about going to the party the following day = У нее странное чувство по поводу посещения вечеринки на следующий день an action that refers to no particular time Stretching exercises helped him to relax Упражнения на растяжку помогли ему расслабиться an action that precedes the action of the finite verb Non-perfect gerunds can be used to express actions that precede the actons of the finite verb • after verbs of recollection: recall, recollect, remember, etc and their opposites: forget, overlook, disregard, etc Mason could not remember going to school fo r the first time Мейсон не помнил, как он впервые пошел в школу • after verbs / predicative word groups of gratitude: appreciate, be grateful for, be thankful for, be glad about, thank for, express gratitude for, show gratitude for, etc The Syntactic Characteristics o f the Gerund Thank you fo r helping us at that critical moment = Спасибо за то, что вы помогли нам в решающий момент • after verbs / predicative word groups of blame and reproach: accuse, blame, be responsible for, hold responsible for, be accountable for, be guilty about / o f be sorry about / for, charge with, criticize for, regret, scold for, etc and their opposites: excuse for, forgive for, pardon for, etc He was sorry fo r arriving late = Он сожалел о том, что приехал поздно • after verbs of punishment: discipline for, fine for, penalize for, punish for, rebuke for, reprimand for, etc He was fined for parking on the pavement = Его оштрафовали за парковку на тротуаре • after verbs of reward: admire, approve of, commend fo r / on, praise for, etc I cannot approve o f his leaving school when sixteen - Я не могу одобрить то, что он бросил школу в шестнадцать лет • after the prepositions on, upon, after and since Since winning the prize, he has gained world-wide recognition = С тех пор, как он выиграл приз, он получил всемирное признание Perfect gerunds in these cases emphasise the gap of time between the actions of the finite verb and the gerund Compare: I regret saving that = Я сожалела, что сказала это Не bitterly regretted ever having mentioned it - Он горько пожалел, что вообще когда-то упомянул этот After returning home, he found the parcel unpacked = По возвращении домой, он нашел сверток распакованным After having been away for a year, I realized how much I missed him = После годового отсутствия я поняла насколько я соскучилась за ним Ш The perfect gerund describes an action that precedes the action of the finite verb Without having seen so much in his life, he would not be able to help you = He испытав так много в своей жизни, он бы не мог помочь вам His regret is having never been elected to the Senate = Он сожалел о том, что его никогда не избирали в Сенат English Grammar Practice THE CATEGORY OF VOICE f f l Gerunds of transitive verbs have voice distinctions I prefer reading to being read to = Я предпочитаю читать сама, а не чтобы мне читали I am tired o f being treated like a child = Я устал от того, что ко мне относятся как к ребенку f f l Gerunds are active in form, but passive in meaning after the predicative word group be worth and the verbs deserve, need, require and want (in the meaning o f 'need’ in informal English) The essay was not worth reading = Эссе не стоило читать The room needs redecorating - Комнате требуется ремонт The plants want watering daily = Растения нуждаются в ежедневной поливке The Syntactic Characteristics of the Gerund PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT State the forms of the gerunds and explain why they are used Ex 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 She waited a minute or two before speaking I'm sorry for disturbing you Raymond did not like being called Ray It is natural living like this alone with Nature She denies having met James yesterday On being told the news she gave a gasp of surprise The idea is worth considering Thorpe was terrified, terrified of having to touch something, and even more, of being touched She kept eyeing Henry with interest All 1want is getting to the truth 1seem to remember being told not to grumble by someone After pausing for breath she announced, "1 have some excellent news." 1gave no sign of having been informed of their arrival People will talk, there is no preventing it 1appreciate your helping me Open the brackets using non-perfect forms of gerunds in the active and passive voice Ex 2 10 11 12 13 14 15 Why you avoid (to see) me? He tried to avoid (to see) We insist on (to send) him there at once He insists on (to send) there instead of me He showed no sign of (to know) them She showed no sign of (to impress) He had the most irritating habit of (to joke) at the wrong moment 1was annoyed at (to interrupt) every other moment He hated (to remind) people of their duties or (to remind) of his On (to introduce) they easily fell to (to talk) The equipment must go through a number of tests before (to install) The water requires (to filter) Jack would have gone to his bedroom without (to see) My sister would never leave without (to see) me The matter is not worth (to speak of) E x ^ ^ l Open the brackets using the appropriate forms of gerunds I don't mind (to stay) here for a little while The boy was afraid of (to punish) and hid himself English Grammar Practice 10 11 12 13 14 15 She denied (to see) me at the concert though I'm sure I saw her in the stalls I want to thank her for (to look) after the children while I was out I remember (to take) to Paris when I was a very small child I sat on the doorstep thinking over my chances of (to escape) from home It's no good (to deny) that The coat showed evident signs of (to wear) on the preceding night Since Tom was their best friend, he helped them without (to ask) He could not help (to know) that there were odious people who called him a snob I don't like (to spy) on I strongly suspect Gerald of (to know) all about it beforehand, though he swears he didn't The old man could not stand (to make) fun of The camera wanted (to adjust) But I can't tell you how grateful I am to you for (to listen) to me It was so kind of you Translate the fragments in brackets using gerunds 10 He was afraid of (что его неправильно поймут) I remember (что видела) this film before These towels need (стирать) On (войдя) the hall she saw a lot of familiar faces Are you thinking of (купить) a PlayStation? Jackie regrets (что сказала) that to Allie I really don't feel like (ужинать) tonight Do you? They're going to postpone (принятие) a decision until next month I hate (когда меня обманывают) by taxi drivers He gave no sign of (что узнал) us Translate into English using gerunds 10 11 12 13 14 15 Я помню, что видел этого актера в какой-то другой пьесе Я настаиваю на том, чтобы меня выслушали Он подозревал меня в том, что я всех обманул Не стоит упоминать об этом Вы не против повторить то, что вы только что сказали? Странно, что она избегает говорить на эту тему Терпеть не могу, когда со мной разговаривают таким тоном Посмотрев на мои часы, часовщик сказал, что они в порядке и нуждаются только в чистке и смазке Он признался, что неверно информировал нас Он напомнил мне, что уже как-то отказался от этого предложения Она боялась испортить свое первое впечатление, посмотрев картину снова Меня упрекнули в том, что я опоздал и заставил всех ждать Услышав гудок автомобиля, сторож пошёл открыть ворота Бесполезно снова обсуждать этот вопрос Я думаю, что он несерьезно сказал, что хочет переменить профессию The Predicative Construction with the Gerund THE PREDICATIVE CONSTRUCTION WITH THE GERUND Ш The predicative construction with the gerund is a construction in which a gerund or a gerund phrase expresses the action or state of the nominal element In other words, the gerund refers to a subject of its own The subject of the gerund is different from the subject of the sentence The elements of the construction are in secondary subject-predicate relation1 Compare: It's no use arguing The vital thing is keeping fit I was happy about coming to see them I like dancing It's no use NANCY'S / NANCY arguing The vital thing is YOUR keeping fit I was happy about TOM / TOM'S coming to see them I like BOTH OF THEM dancing f f l The nominal element of the construction can be expressed by • a noun in the possessive case I was happy about Emma's coming to visit us = Я была счастлива, что Эмма приезжает к нам в гости • a noun or nouns in the common case A noun is used in the common case when the agent is emphasised or when it denotes a lifeless thing When the nominal element is expressed by two nouns, they are used in the common case I was happy about Emma coming to visit us = Я была счастлива, что (именно) Эмма приезжает к нам в гости Не mentioned m v clock being slow = Он упомянул, что мои часы опаздывают I was happy about Emma and Brenton coming to see us = Я была счастлива, что Эмма и Брентон приезжают к нам в гости • a possessive pronoun or a personal pronoun in the objective case I admire his / him crossing the channel on a stormy night = Я восхищаюсь тем, что он пересек пролив в бурную ночь The climbers talked about lightning and its being dangerous = Альпинисты разговаривали о молнии и о том, что она опасна • some other pronoun: all (of), both (of), each (of), this, that, something, everybody, etc He was conscious o f something unusual going on around himself = Он осознавал, что нечто необычное происходило вокруг него The primary subject-predicate relation is the relation between the subject and the predicate of a sentence English Grammar Practice 112 Complete the following Provide examples TH E G ER U N D AS A SU BJECT OF A SEN TEN CE Gerund subjects follow patterns PATTERN Gerund subjects may precede th e gerund can be used as a subject in this pattern [examples] ; they are placed first form of the PATTERN The introductory is placed first to emphasise the meaning of the gerund subject form of the gerund can be used in this pattern Common predicates in such cases a re: _ ; ; _ ; _; _ and the like [examples] PATTERN The introductory is used to emphasise gerund subjects preceded by NO Only non-perfect gerunds follow this pattern [examples] Structurally, gerund subjects can be • - expressed bya [examples] single gerund • - expressed bya [examples] gerund phrase • - expressed bya [examples] predicative complex with a gerund Ex Complete the following Provide examples G ERU N D S IN PREDICATES The gerund can function as part of a compound nominal predicate ( _ ), part of a compound verbal predicate or part of a compound verbal a and parts T h e predicate A compound predicate consists of part carries grammatical information - the person, number, tense, voice, mood, modality of the predicate It is expressed by a aspect verb, modal verb or modal expression T h e verb - a link verb, phasal / part is the bearer of lexical meaning TH E G ERU N D AS A PREDICATIVE The link verb ' _ ' is used as the structural part of the compound nominal predicate T h e _ part- t h e predicative — can be expressed b y form of the gerund [examples] 113 Self-Stady Materials Gerund predicatives can be introduced by prepositions: , _ , _, , etc [examples] Structurally, gerund predicatives can be • - expressed by a • - expressed by a gerund • - expressed by a gerund, [examples] [examples] with a gerund, [examples] TH E G ER U N D A S PART O F A CO M PO U N D V ERB A L M O D AL PREDICATE gerunds, active and passive, form compound verbal modal predicates with the modal expression _ Gerunds can be used alone or within phrases. are not used in this function [examples] THE GERUND AS PART OF A COMPOUND VERBAL ASPECT PREDICATE gerunds form compound verbal aspect (phasal) predicates with verbs denoting various stages of a process, action or state: • its b e g in n in g - , _ , _ , _ , • its continuation - _ , , , • its e n d in g - , etc., , , _ , _ , , _ , , etc Gerunds in compound verbal aspect predicates can be used alone or within p h se s. _ are not used in this function [examples] We use rather than gerunds when the subject denotes a [examples] the notional part of a compound verbal aspect predicate is expressed by a verb: , , _ , , etc [examples] the structural part of a compound verbal aspect predicate is used in the continuous form, [examples] Ex Complete the following Provide examples G ER U N D S A S O BJECTS Gerunds can be used as direct or prepositional objects form of the gerund can be used in this function [examples] English Grammar Practice 114 gerunds can be used to express actions that precede the actions of the finite verb after • verbs o f _ : [examples] and their opposites; [examples] • verbs / predicative word groups o f • verbs / predicative word groups o f [examples] ; [examples] and ; [examples] and their opposites; • verbs o f _ [examples] • verbs o f ; [examples] gerunds in these cases emphasise the gap of time between the actions of the finite verb and the gerund Compare: [examples] Structurally, gerund objects can be • • • - expressed by single gerunds, [examples] - expressed by gerunds in phrases, [examples] - expressed by predicative constructions with gerunds, [examples] Direct objects expressed by gerunds follow • monotransitive verbs, [examples] • a predicative adjective be worth, [examples] • expressions After , _ [examples] , , _ , a n d gerunds are active in form, but passive in meaning [examples] Gerund objects can be introduced by IT + adjective They are found after the ve rb s: _, _ / _, _, _ / _ / , etc [examples] Prepositional objects expressed by gerunds follow • _ verbs and phrasal verbs, [examples] • _ verbs [examples] • _ adjectives / participles II [examples] 115 Seif-Stady Materials Complete the following Provide examples TH E G ERU N D AS AN ATTRIBU TE Gerund attributes can be placed either or the modified nouns When gerunds are used a s , they are preceded by prepositions The choice of a preposition depends on the combinability of the modified word [examples] [examples] [examples] [examples] [examples] [examples] OF FOR IN AT AGAINST TO form of the gerund can be used as a postmodifier, [examples] gerunds can be used as premodifiers They show _ or [examples] Structurally, gerund attributes can be • simple: [examples] • phrasal: [examples] • complex: [examples] Ex 10 Complete the following Provide examples TH E G ERU N D AS AN A D V ER BIA L Single gerunds, gerunds in o r can be used as adverbials of Gerund adverbials always follow or phrases Gerund adverbials of attendant circumstances are found after gerunds are used in this function, [examples] Gerund adverbials of manner depend o n , gerunds are used in this function, [examples] , an d Gerund adverbials of purpose occur with the preposition gerunds are used in this function, [examples] Gerund adverbials of condition are preceded b y , and _ form of the gerund can be used in this function, [examples] and 116 English Grammar Practice Gerund adverbials of reason follow , _, _ , , , , form of the gerund can be used in this function, [examples] Gerund adverbials of concession require or form of the gerund can be used in this function, [examples] Gerund adverbials of time are introduced b y , , , _ , _ , and The prepositions and show simultaneity, they are followed b y gerunds [examples] The actions of non-perfect gerunds introduced b y [examples] follow the actions of the finite verbs The gerund after the prepositions ON, UPON, AFTER a n d precedes the action of the finite verb, [examples] can express an action that The gerund after these prepositions emphasises the gap of time between the action of the finite verb and the action of the gerund Compare: [examples] Compare the use of prepositions with gerund adverbials of different types PREPOSITION EXAMPLE ADVERBIAL OF FOR 2 [examples] [examples] IN 2 [examples] [examples] WITHOUT 3 [examples] [examples] [examples] Ex 11 Complete the following Provide examples and Russian equivalents TH E G ERU N D AN D THE IN FIN ITIVE Gerunds and infinitives reveal a lot of similarities as they share some nominal and verbal features However, the nominal nature is more noticeable i n , w h ile have essential verbal characteristics f f l Unlike infinitives, gerunds can be preceded by when used as ( a ) objects, (b) predicatives ( c ) adverbials [examples] modified b y pronouns or nouns in th e case, [examples] and (d) References 117 f f l Certain verbs, predicative word groups and expressions can be followed by gerunds and never by infinitives On the other hand, there are verbs, predicative word groups and expressions that take only infinitives GERUNDS FOLLOW [examples] [examples] INFINITIVES FOLLOW [examples] [examples] predicative word groups [examples] [examples] expressions [examples] [examples] verbs phrasal verbs, verbs followed by prepositions AN IN FIN ITIVE OR A G ERU N D ? There are verbs, predicative verb groups, phrasal verbs and expressions that can be followed either by infinitives or gerunds without significant difference of meaning, [examples] BUT! Gerunds are m ore Infinitives are m ore in meaning, they often express activities , bound t o actions or occasions [examples] In the same way, the verbs learn, teach are followed by gerunds when the speaker refers t o activities: lessons or subjects of study Talking about getting a skill or results of the study, we u se Compare: [examples] GO ON + gerund means 'to continue an activity without stopping' = [Russian equivalents], GO ON + infinitive expresses a of activity It means 'to something after completing something else'= [Russian equivalents] Compare: [examples] TRY + gerund denotes 'make a n TRY + infinitive means 'make a n : use or test something to see if it is good, suitable' or effort to something difficult' Compare: [examples] MEAN + gerund is used in the sense of 'involve' = [Russian equivalents], MEAN + infinitive denotes 'intend' = [Russian equivalents] Compare: [examples] STOP + gerund means ' '= [Russian equivalents] It functions as part of a compound verbal predicate STOP + infinitive means ' ' = [Russian equivalents] It denotes _ , intention or aim and functions as an adverbial of Compare: [examples] BE USED TO + gerund means that a person is familiar with something because he / she does it or experiences it often = [Russian equivalents] Other link verbs can be employed in this construction: get used to, grow used to, become used to, etc The gerund functions as a _ USED + infinitive describes actions and events in the past or past and states = [Russian equivalents] There is an idea that circumstances have changed Syntactically, used + infinitive is employed as part of a compound verbal predicate Compare: [examples] 118 English Grammar Practice f f l Gerunds after REMEMBER, FORGET, REGRET, and BE SORRY describe actions th a t the actions of the finite verbs; infinitives denote actions t h a t o r _ the actions of the finite verbs Compare: GERUNDS INFINITIVES [examples] [examples] f f l After DESERVE, NEED, REQUIRE and WANT (='need' in informal English) gerunds or infinitives are used when the subject experiences an action When the subject performs an action, we u se infinitives Compare: [examples] f f l Gerunds after ADVISE, ALLOW, PERMIT, FORBID, RECOMMEND, ENCOURAGE in th e voice are used if there are no other objects Infinitives are used when there a re objects or after th e voice forms of these verbs Compare: [examples] ► BE AFRAID can be followed by infinitives or gerunds important difference of meaning Still, some researchers believe that it is preferable to use afraid o f + to talk about fear of things that happen accidentally and their consequences Compare: [examples] ► BEGIN, CONTINUE, START can be followed by infinitives or gerunds without important difference of meaning However, it is preferable to em ploy (1) to talk about states rather than actions Compare: [examples] (2) when the agent is a lifeless thing Compare: [examples] (3) after continuous forms of begin and start, [examples] ► BE INTERESTED + is used to talk about reactions to things one learns = [Russian equivalents] Either gerunds or infinitives are used to talk about a wish to find out something Compare: [examples] ► LIKE/ DISLIKE + gerund, in British English, is used mostly to talk about LIKE/ DISLIKE + infinitive is used to talk about and Compare: [examples] ► PREFER can be followed by infinitives or gerunds without important difference of meaning If we use , the second one may be introduced by the preposition or the phrase RATHER THAN The sentences with infinitives can also be continued b y ! In negative sentences we u se Compare: [examples] ! WOULD PREFER, WOULD LIKE and WOULD RATHER are always followed b y ► COUNT ON, RELY ON, LISTEN TO can take (1 ) _ , (2 ) or (3) predicative constructions w ith [examples] For intriguing cases it is advisable to consult a dictionary 119 Contents Complete the following Provide examples TH E G ER U N D AN D THE V ERB A L NOUN The verbal noun - unlike the gerund - has n o features Verbal nouns have plural forms: [exam ples] When they denote lifeless things, they can combine w ith _as well as words o f [examples] Verbal nouns take [examples] Verbal nouns can be modified by (a) o/-phrase [examples] The gerund developed from th e and (b) adjectival that became verbalized in the course of time Gerunds have some morphological characteristics o f They show • distinctions [examples] • a [examples] time reference expressed through the category of tim e Gerunds can be modified b y [examples] Verbal nouns can be modified b y Compare: Gerunds o f verbs can take direct objects Compare: [examples] Ex 13 Complete the following Provide examples TH E G ERU N D AN D PARTICIPLE I Though many grammar books describe gerunds and participles I a s vivid Unlike participle I, the gerund h a s characteristics • Gerunds can be preceded by prepositions Compare: [examples] • Gerunds can be modified by nouns in th e [examples] • Gerunds can function a s [examples] an d case o r pronouns Compare: GERUNDS AND PARTICIPLES AS ATTRIBUTES Gerund attributes show a person's Participle attributes denote th e -forms, the difference is or what an object is for of the modified nouns Compare: 120 English Grammar Practice Gerunds [examples] Participles [examples] Still, there are cases that can be interpreted in either way [examples] The makes the meaning clear Compare: [examples] The context makes the meaning clear Compare: [examples] Unlike participles, gerunds as postmodifiers are preceded b y [examples] Compare: GERUNDS AND PARTICIPLES AS PREDICATIVES A gerund predicative expresses t h e of the subject, its or identity A participle predicative is close to an a in this function, it gives the subject a assessment Compare: [examples] GERUNDS AND PARTICIPLES AS ADVERBIALS Gerund adverbials always take Participle adverbials can either be used independently or preceded b y Compare: Participles [examples] Gerunds [examples] Some adverbials may be confusing to a Russian-speaking learner of English In Russian a negative phrase 'HE + деепричастие' shows either (1) o r (2) In English W ITHOUT+ gerund to describes To g ive , we employ NOT + participle Compare: [examples] Both gerunds and participles can be used as adverbials o f [examples] a n d _ The exam in grammar is a nuisance, once passed 121 Self-Stady Materials THE EVERYDAY GERUND It's so nice meeting you! Fancy meeting you here! It makes all the difference your being here Thank you for joining us Thanks for dropping in I appreciate your working so hard Do you mind sitting here? Do you mind my opening the window? Would you mind going out tonight? I don't mind driving Do you think anyone would mind my leaving? Are you married, if you don't mind me asking? Sorry for being late I'm very sorry for having missed that party I'm ever so sorry for parking my car in your driveway Excuse my butting in, b u t Do excuse me for being such a bore, but I (do) apologise for calling so early I regret saying that I freely admit to being wrong Forgive my being so inquisitive, but Let's go riding How about joining us at lunch? I suggest going in my car - Didn't we end up pushing it to the service station last weekend? What about having a walk by the lake? — I'm always for going out of town in such weather Do you feel like going out tonight? — Sure, I feel like celebrating Fancy seeing a film? — Oh, yes! I'm sick and tired of doing nothing but work How you feel about seeing the film? The picture's a masterpiece, it goes without saying What would you say to locking the cat in the bathroom? We look forward to seeing you again I am really looking forward to meeting you We have high hopes for them visiting us soon I have every intention of passing the test I'm counting days till purchasing my first car Nothing is going to stop me fishing this weekend We were not particularly anxious about leaving 122 English Grammar Practice What you think about his practising tennis? Would you approve of giving the student the grant? What is your attitude to the idea of starting a new business? You are in favour of taking part in the contest, aren't you? What's your opinion of his dyeing his hair red? What are your views on gambling? — To my way of thinking What you mean by saying that? I'm keen on playing tennis I enjoy travelling very much indeed What I really like is travelling to other countries I'm really into folk dancing I set my heart on teaching young learners I always make a point of visiting an art gallery There's nothing I like more than hanging around with my friends Sooner or later I'll get round to knitting socks for the kids I feel really good about going on this trip I'm not particularly fond of dining out I can't stand sailing in such weather, actually I really hate being sick I'm trying to put off seeing the dentist as long as I can I'll be happy about the team winning the Cup Congratulations on your passing the exam! Best wishes on your getting your Master's No kidding? Are you serious about renting this house? I'll never forget hearing this song for the first time I remember posting the letter I can't recall meeting him Sorry, I have no memory / recollection of having ever met him I'm fairly positive about finding a summer job I've no doubt about entering the contest I'm (utterly) convinced of having scheduled an appointment with you I'm quite sure of winning the trophy You can't be a hundred percent certain of getting a rise I wouldn't bet on them winning There's little likelihood of his missing the class There's no chance of my being forgiven, is there? I know about their purchasing the house 123 Self-Stady Materials I can't help feeling sorry for Ron: he can't stand being laughed at He's (not) used to living in a big city She has a habit of getting up at dawn The baby spends a lot of time sleeping and smiling You will always find her scrubbing the kitchen floor He is famous for inventing microwave popcorn She is capable of doing by herself It's not worth arguing: the floor wants washing and this shirt needs ironing It's no good his apologizing now the damage has been done It's no use beating about the bush There's no telling what will happen There is no arguing with my mom Alas, there is no avoiding it There's no accounting for her moods I am a bore, there's no denying it I'm (so) worried about your being on the computer all night I'm scared stiff / to death of going out alone I'm really nervous about keeping a pet I'm absolutely dreading climbing I've been worried sick about his going to the mountains alone I'm afraid of his falling down a rock - 1can't help thinking / stop thinking about it either What are the advantages of speaking foreign languages? You may take advantage of being young and ambitious Don't give up trying Keep working! Get going = Get moving Finish cleaning the kitchen, please I guess I'd better stop overspending Stop being funny! No smoking! No parking! Fine for parking! He is on the point of leaving Well, it was nice seeing you Bye! it was a nice thing your coming here 124 English Grammar Practice GERUNDS IN PROVERBS AND SAYINGS a ;tj/o ii f/t/n k cfec/u /va /m t? w j/o i/r m o ftier fo/tyu e? A clean hand wants no washing A thief passes for a gentleman after stealing has made him rich A word spoken is past recalling An ounce of discretion is worth a pound of learning Appetite comes with eating Between two evils it is not worth choosing By doing nothing we learn to ill Clean hand wants no washing Doing is better than saying 10 Eating and scratching wants but a beginning 11 Even reckoning makes long friends 12 Fasting comes after feasting 13 Fools grow without watering 14 Friendship is love with understanding 15 Gossiping and lying go hand in hand 16 He who likes borrowing dislikes paying 17 He who would catch fish must not mind getting wet 18 If a job is worth doing it is worth doing well 19 It is a long lane that has no turning 20 It is good fishing in troubled waters 21 It's no use / good / worth crying over spilt milk 22 It's no use carrying your umbrella when your shoes are leaking 23 It's no use doing things by halves 24 It's no use locking the stable door after the horse has bolted 25 26 27 28 29 It's no use pumping a dry well Killing time murders opportunities No flying from fate No safe wading in an unknown water Nothing must be done hastily but killing of fleas 30 Repetition is the mother of learning 31 Saying and doing are two things = Saying is one thing, doing is another 32 Seeing is believing 33 Talking mends no holes 34 The appetite grows by eating 35 The moon does not heed the barking of dogs 36 The proof of the pudding is in eating 37 There are more ways of killing a cat than by choking it with cream, /b y hanging 38 There are no shortcuts to any place worth going 39 There's no accounting for taste 40 Wait until it is night before saying that it has been a fine day 41 What is worth doing at all is worth doing well 42 Worrying never did anyone any good 43 You / One can't cook a hare before catching him 44 You can't make an omelette without breaking eggs 45 You've got to your own growing, no matter how tall your grandfather was 125 Self-Stady Materials REFERENCES 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Аракин В.Д Практический курс английского языка — М осква: Владос, 2003 Блох М.Ю., Л ебед ева А Я., Д ени сова B.C Практикум по английском у языку: Грам матика Сборник упраж нений — М осква: Астрель ACT, 2003 Гордон Е.М., Кры лова И.П Грам матика соврем енного английского языка — Книж ный Д ом "Университет", 2009 Гузеева К.А., Косты гина С.И И нф инитив Грамматика английского языка Серия: Изучаем иностранны е языки — Спб: "Издательство Союз", 2000 Д роздова Т.Ю., Берестова А И , М аилова В.Г English Grammar Reference and practice — Санкт-Петербург, 2006 Кауш анская В.Л., Ковнер Р.Л., Кож евникова О.Н., Прокофьева Е.В., Райнес З.М , Сквирская С.Е., Ц ы рлинз Ф.Я Грамматика английского язы ка — СПб: А йрис-пресс, 2008 Кобрина Н.А., Корнеева Е.А., О ссовская М И., Гузеева К А Грамматика английского языка М орфология — М.: Просвещ ение, 1985 Крутиков Ю А., Кузьм ина И.С., Рабинович Х.В Упраж нения по грам м атике со врем енного английского языка — М осква: «Высш ая ш кола», 1971 Л ещ ева Л.М , Бахтадзе Е.А., Сим анович О.С П рактическая грам м атика английского язы ка — Мн.: Акад упр при през Респ Беларусь, 2008 Петраш кевич Н.П., Ш елег Л А , Д м итриева И.В Ф ункциональная грам м атика английского языка — Мн ООО "Лексис", 2009 Саакян А.С Exercises in M odern English Grammar — СПб: Айрис-пресс, 2006 Alexander L Longm an English Gram m ar Pearson Education, Ltd, 2005 Burchfield R.W The New Fow ler's M odern English U sa g e - Clarendon Press: Oxford, England 1996 Collins Cobuild English G ram m ar, Harper C ollins Publisher, 2005 Dooley J., Evans V Gram m arw ay — Express Publishing, 1999 Eastwood J Oxford Practice Gram m ar Interm ediate — Oxford University Press, 2008 Evans V Round-Up English G ram m ar Practice — Longm an, 2001 Evans V FCE Use of English — Express Publishing, 2001 Foley М., Hall D Advanced Learners' Gram mar — Longm an, 2003 Fowler R., Aaron, J., Lim burg K The Little, Brown Handbook 6th ed — HarperCollins: New York 1995 Gordon I Practical Punctuation Heinem ann Educational, 1978 Haug D The sem antics and pragm atics of predicative participles — University of Oslo, 2008 Hewings M Advanced G ram m ar in Use — Cam bridge University Press, 1999 Leech G., Svartik J A C om m unicative G ram m ar of English - Moscow, Prosvescheniye, 1983 Quirk R, G reenbaum S A University G ram m ar of English — Longm an Group: Essex, England 1993 Side R and W ellm an G G ram m ar and Vocabulary for Cam bridge A dvanced and Proficiency Longm an, 2000 Swan M Practical English Usage — Oxford University Press, 1997 Swan М., W alker C How English W orks A G ram m ar Practice Book — Oxford University Press, 1997 Thom son A.J., M artinet A.V A Practical English Grammar — Oxford University Press, 1988 Vince M M acm illan English G ram m ar in Context A dvanced — 2008 31 32 33 Vince М., Sunderland P Advanced Language Practice English G ram m ar and Vocabulary — M acm illan, 2003 W alker E., Elsw orth S G ram m ar Practice for Upper Interm idiate Students — Pearson Education Lim ited, 2000 Yule G Oxford Practice Gram m ar Advanced — Oxford University Press, 2006 10 DICTIONARIES Cam bridge international Dictionary of English — Cam bridge University Press, 1995 Longm an Dictionary of Contem po rary English 3rd edition Longm an Dictionaries, 1995 Longm an Essential Activator Longm an, 1999 Oxford A dvanced Learner's Dictionary 7th edition Oxford University Press, 2007 Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English Oxford University Press, 2002 126 English Grammar Practice CONTENTS THE GERUND THE MORPHOLOGICAL CATEGORIES OF THE G ERU ND THE PREDICATIVE COSTRUCTION WITH THE G ERU N D THE SYNTACTIC FEATURES OF THE GERUND 16 THE GERUND AS A SUBJECT OF A SEN TEN CE 17 GERUND IN PREDICATES 23 GERUND IN COMPOUND VERBAL PREDICATES 29 THE GERUND AS AN OBJECT 33 THE GERUND AS AN ATTRIBUTE 43 THE GERUND AS AN ADVERBIAL 50 THE SYNTACTIC FUNCTIONS OF THE GERUND, SHORT AND E A S Y 64 THE GERUND AND THE INFINITIVE 66 THE GERUND AND OTHER -IN G FORMS 82 REVISION AND CONSOLIDATION 92 HOW TO COMMENT ON THE USE OF G ERU NDS 105 SELF-STUDY MATERIALS: RULES ARE GOOD WHEN OBEYED AND UNDERSTOOD 108 THE EVERYDAY GERUND 121 GERUNDS IN PROVERBS AND SAYINGS 124 REFERENCES 125 ... видели ее English Grammar Practice 14 Insert a pronoun where necessary I rem em ber meeting her once I can't rem em ber ever meeting each other They live in different countries I object t o... importance of) 46 English Grammar Practice Paraphrase the sentences using gerunds as attributes according to the model Ex 54 Model: I missed my chance I refused to meet Ken I missed my chance... expresses the action or state of the nominal element In other words, the gerund refers to a subject of its own The subject of the gerund is different from the subject of the sentence The elements