Tenses and exercises for practising

A PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT a The simple present tense (Thì đơn) Form ( Cấu trúc) VERB TENSES I, we, you, they Vinf He, she, it, Vs/es Use (Caùch dùng)  Diễn tả chân lý, thật hiển nhiên The sun rises in the East  Diễn tả thói quen, hành động xảy thường xuyên Mary often goes to school by bicycle  Diễn tả việc xảy theo thời gian biểu chương trình, kế hoạch định theo thời gian biểu The train leaves at seven twenty-three tomorrow morning * Lưu ý: Ta thêm es sau động từ tận là: o,s,x,xh,sh Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)  Always, usually, sometimes, often, normally, generally, occasionally, as a rule, never, rarely, seldom, …  Every: everyday, every morning, every Saturday…  Three times a week, twice a month, from time to time… b The present continuous tense ( Thì tiếp diễn) Form ( Cấu trúc) Am We, you, they Are Ving He, she, it is Use (Cách dùng)  Diễn tả hành động hay việc diển lúc nói The children are playing football now  Diền tả hành động có tính tạm thời, diễn xung quanh thời điểm nói I am quite busy these days I am building a new house  Diển tả kế hoạch, dự định tương lai gần,một xếp trước lúc nói He is coming next week Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)  Now, right now, at present, at the moment, still  Today, this week, these days, this term, this year, this summer, nowadays…  Look! Be quite! Don’t make noise! Listen! Watch out! Keep silent * Lưu ý: Không dùng tiếp diễn với từ nhận thức, tri giác như: to be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate, realize, seem, remember, forget… I am tired now She wants to go for a walk at the moment c The past simple tense ( Thì khứ đơn) Form ( Cấu trúc) Ved I, we, you, they, he, she, it V2 Use (Caùch dùng)  Diễn tả hành động xảy chấm dứt khứ, thời gian xác định rõ Tom went to Paris last week  Diễàn tả hành động diễn suốt khoảng thời gian khứ, hoàn toàn chấm dứt She worked as a secretary for five years and now she is a teacher Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)  Yesterday, yesterday morning, in the past, in 1985, when I was young, when I was a child…  Last: last night, last year, last month, last summer  Ago: two days ago, three weeks ago, a month ago d The past continuous tense ( Thì khứ tiếp diễn) Form ( Cấu trúc) We, you, they were Ving I, he, she, it was Use (Cách dùng)  Hành động diễn kéo dài thời gian khứ Yesterday, Mr John was working in the laboratory all the afternoon  Hành động xảy vào thời điểm khứ I was doing my homework at 6:00 last Sunday  Hành động diễn khứ có hành động khác xen vào (hành động kéo dài ta dùng Past continuous, hành động ngắn dùng Past simple) When I came yesterday, he was sleeping Lưu ý: Không dùng động từ nhận thức, tri giác Thay vào ta dùng Past simple I felt tired at that time Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)  At 6:00 yesterday, at this time yesterday, at the time last week, at that time… e The present perfect tense ( Thì hoàn thành) Form ( Cấu trúc) I, we, you, they have V3/ Ved He, she, it has (Thể phủ định S have/ has not PP; Thể nghi vấn Have/Has S PP?) Use (Cách dùng)  Diễn tả hành động, việc vừa xảy I have just seen my sister in the park  Diễn tả hành động lập lập lại nhiều lần khứ mà rỏ thời gian cụ thể khứ Hành động tiếp tục xảy tương lai I have seen that film several times  Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ kéo dài đến xảy tương lai Mary has lived in this house for ten years  Diễn tả hành động xảy khứ mà không rỏ thời gian I have lost my keys  Diển tả hành động xảy khứ mà kết taïi He has had lunch (He is full now.) Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)  Since, for  Just, recently, lately, already, never, ever, yet, so far, until now, up to now, for ages, for a long time, up to the present, how long,in the last few years… Lưu ý: Các trạng từ dùng kèm với tạ hoàn thành câu đơn Nếu câu từ hai mệnh đềø trở lên ta phải dựa vào ngữ cảnh không dựa vào trạng từ đó.) f The past perfect tense Form ( Cấu trúc) I we you they he she it had PP (Phủ định: had not = hadn’t; Nghi vấn: Had S PP?) Use (Cách dùng) Thì khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễõn tả hành động xảy ra, hoàn thành trước hành động, thời điểm khác khứ Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)  By + (the past time): by 2003, by last year  By the time + clause: by the time we got there, by the time you went to bad…  Before, after, when, already g The future simple tense (Thì tương lai đơn) Form ( Cấu trúc) I, we, you, they, he, Will V0 she, it (Phủ định: will not = won’t; Nghi vaán Will S Vo?) Use ( Cách dùng)  Diễn tả hành động xảy tương lai He will come back next week  Diễàn tẩ lời hứa, dự đoán, ý kiến, định tức thời, ngỏ yù I will give you a phone to night Time expressions ( Cụm từ thời gian)  Next: next week, next month, next summer…  Someday, soon, in 2050, in two weeks, in three days, tomorrow…  I think, I am sure… B PHẦN THỰC HÀNH I The simple present tense Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative, or question: Example: He (visit) visits _his parents very often He doesn’t visit his parents very often Does he visit his parents very often? He (go) _to School everyday She (come) _ from Germany Daisy usually (go) _ to work by car We (watch) TV every night He (walk) to work every day He (be) in Ca Mau They (be) students She (wash) _her clothes every Sunday She (study) _English every day 10 He (want) _ to become a teacher Exercise 2: Put the verb in the present simple tense: She usually (walk) _ to school What time Mary usually (get) up every morning? She (not wash) her clothes every weekend _they (be) teachers? It (not be) often cold in summer Tom usually (walk) _ to school He (be) _ a student I (be) _ sixteen years old They (be) very friendly 10 He often (wash) the car at weekends 11 What time you often (get) up every morning? 12 she (like) English? 13 Every week she (go) to visit her parents 14 What time your father usually (get) _ up? 15 We (not go) to school on Sundays 16 We (not be) _very lazy 17 The Earth (go) _around the Sun 18 I (visit) _my parents very often 19 _he (go) _to school every day? 20 _she (come) _from Japanese? II The present continuous tense Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative, or question: Example: She (read) is reading _at the moment She isn’t reading at the moment Is she reading at the moment? He (watch) TV right now At present they (sit) _ in the class This year we (learn) _ English Look! Peter (play) football in the schoolyard Be quiet! The baby (sleep) _ Look! The man (smoke) there She (write) _ to her parents now My father (work) _in the garden at the moment John (listen) _ to the radio now He (play) _chess at the moment Exercise 2: Put the verb in the present continuous tense: The workers (work) in the firm at the moment Please be quite! You (make) _ _so much noise so I can’t concentrate Tony (have) _ _a bath at the moment Listen! He (read) _a story by Shakespeare At present Richard (study) _in London This term I (study) _philosophy and economics Janet (have) _a shower at the moment They (not/study) _at present Yukiko (have) _a bath now 10 We (make) _a cake at the moment 11 Jane (watch) _television at the moment 12 Look! The boy (cry) 13 Alice and Mary (put) _ the dishes away right now 14 The farmer (work) _ in the field now 15 Look! It (snow) _ 16 Phong (sleep) _ right now 17 Mother (cook) some food in the kitchen at present 18 Just a minute! I (look up) that word in the dictionary 19 _you (write) a letter now? 20 They (not read) books in the sitting room right now 21 Look! They (play) _ football 22 She (sweep) _ the floor now 23 What she (do) now? 24 She (wash) the clothes at the moment 25 Listen! Peter and Daisy (sing) now 26 My brother (not watch) _TV now He (wash) his car 27 He (study) _ English this month 28 you (work) in the garden now? 29 Peter (talk) to Susan now 30 She (listen) _to the radio in her bedroom at the moment III The past simple tense Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative, or question: Example: He (watch) watched a good programme on TV last night He didn’t watch a good programme on TV last night Did he watch a good programme last night? Mary (go) _ shopping for me yesterday The policeman (drive) away ten minutes ago The biscuit factory (close) last year 10 4 The headmaster (come) _ to the school in 1985 You (spend) a lot of money last month I last (go) to Spain in 1990 The boy (finish) _their homework yesterday Rolf (buy) _ the leather jacket last week I (have) a little trouble with my car last week 10 She (wash) her clothes last night Exercise 2: Put the verb in the past simple tense: They (begin) to study at this school years ago She (lose) her handbag on the train yesterday morning We (visit) _ that city last year Peter and Daisy (be) born in 1978 you (spend) _ your holiday in Dalat last summer? She (clean) _the bicycle yesterday They (start) school in 1998 My friend and I (go) to the seaside last week We (spend) _ hours on the beach last Sunday 10 He (be) in Ha Noi last year 11 His father (die) _ in 1930 12 Lincoln (work) in this factory three years ago 13 I (do) _my homework last night 14 Miss White (write) to her father last Monday 15 My parents (buy) _the car last year 16 Hoa (read) _the book yesterday 17 He (listen) _to the radio last night 18 We (watch) _ a good programme on TV last night 19 Mary (go) _shopping for me yesterday 20 I (be) _ in Ha Noi last month 21 My parents (go) _to HCM city last week 22 Yesterday we (have) _a meeting at our school 23 Mary (meet) _her parents two week ago 24 She (be) _born in 1992 25 What you (do) _last night 26 Last summer I (study) _English in Can Tho City 27 She (not visit) _her son last week 28 In 1997 there (be) _a terrible storm 29 They (build) _the house twenty years ago 30 John (do not) _come to my birthday party last Sunday IV The past continuous: Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative, or question: Example: At this time yesterday they (play) were playing _ football At this time yesterday they were not playing football At this time yesterday were they playing football? At this time yesterday we (play) tennis in the schoolyard At 7:00 pm yesterday (watch) TV Yesterday while my father (watch) _ TV, my mother (read) the newspaper, my sister (do) _her homework and I (play) chess with my friend What were you doing when I phoned you? I (have) a bath She (do) her homework at the time yesterday Marry (water) the flowers at 3:00 p.m yesterday They (visit) the zoo at ten o’clock yesterday Peter and I (do) _the exercise at this time last night Last night my father (feed) the pigeons at 7:00 At this time last year we (learn) _English in London Exercise 2: Put the verb in the past simple tense or the past continuous: When I (arrive) at this house, he still (sleep) The light (go) _ out while we (have) _dinner Bill (have) breakfast when I (stop) _ at this house this morning When I (arrive) _at this house, he still (sleep) As we (cross) the Street, we (see) _an accident Tom (see) a serious accident while he (stand) at the bus stop The children (play) _ football when their mother (come) _back home The bell (ring) while Tom (take) _ a bath He (sit) in a car when I (see) him 10 We (clean) _the house when she (come) _yesterday V The present perfect tense: Exercise 1: Rewrite each sentence as a positive, negative, or question: Example: She (be) has been here for several days She has not been here for several days Has she been here for several days? Tom (see) this film before I (finish) my exercise already They (live) here since 1990 My father (just wash) his car The students (discuss) the question recently Mary (never, be) to Ha Noi We (know) each other for years So far we (learn) five lessons We (be) pen pals for a long time 10 They (stay) here since last week Exercise 2: Bob (see) this movie before Sandra (lend) her brother $ 200 so far Rashid (just pass) his driving test Karen (study) Italian for three years now and is still studying The teacher (already, tell) to be quite Tim (not, take) many photos yet Jorge (read) the newspaper already We (not begin) _ to study for the test yet John and I (be) pen pals for nearly years 10 He (wear) _ the same coat since he (move) _ here 11 I (not see) _ your brother recently 12 They (not contact) _ to each other for a long time 13 How long _you (study) English? 14 How many times _ you (see) _him since he went to Edinburgh? 15 Who is that woman? I (never/ see) _ her before 10 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 VI We (be) from French We (be) there for 20 years I (see) that film several times because I like it Mary (lose) _ her hat for days He (not finish) _ doing it yet He (not see) him since Christmas (live) _in Ho Chi Minh City since 1975 He (just see) her They (already show) _ the film I’m sorry the car is not here I (just sell) it The Bakers (be) in New York for months My brother (use) this computer for years They (live) in this street for a long time Mr Green (teach) French since he left London in 1997 She (not speak) _ to me since last week Up to now, Hoa (work) _ very hard The past perfect tense: Yesterday they (go) _ home after they (finish) their work When we came to the stadium, the match (already start) _ Many people (move) _ to the new place before the storm occurred I sat down ant rested after they (go) _ Before he died, he (be) _ ill for several days Last night before he (watch) _ TV, he (do) _ the exercise She went to the department after her (clean) _ the floor When I got to the party, they (go) _ home By the time the police arrived, the house (be) _ burned down 10 By last year, twenty schools in this province (be) _ built VII The future simple tense Put the verb in the future simple tense you (take) _ at trip to London next week She (water) _ the flowers next month They (build) a new bridge in this province next year Tomorrow she (send) _ the letter to Ha Hoi In 2010 she (move) _ to live in Ho Chi Minh City I (meet) _ my parents in an hour I think it (be) _ sunny tomorrow I am sure he (pass) _ the exam I (stay) _ at home if it rains 10 He (send) the letter when he goes to the post office VIII/ The present simple or the present continuous tense: My father (have) coffee for breakfast every day His sister (study) in a shoe store this summer The students (look) _ up that new word now Mary (go) to school every day They (do) this exercise at the moment Ms Eden (read) _ a newspaper now It (rain) very much in the summer It (rain) _ now Bad students never (study) hard He generally (sing) in English, but today he (sing) in Spanish 10 We seldom (eat) before 6.30 11 She sometimes (buy) _vegetables at his market 12 We always (do) _ our exercises carefully 13 Look! A man (run) after the train He (want) _ to catch it 14 It (be) very cold now 15 John (travel) to England tomorrow 16 I (need) some money for my textbooks 17 Tom (like) to go to the museums 18 Mary (love) ice-cream 19 My mother (cook) some food in the kitchen at present She always (cook) in the mornings 20 I often (leave) the city at weekends 21 The guests (watch) the TV programes now 22 The sun (set) in the west 23 My friend (study) English for an hour every night 24 Listen! I (hear) _ someone knocking at the front door 25 I (do) an exercise on the present tense at the moment and I (think) that I (know) _how to use it now VIII The present perfect or the simple past tense: Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense We (never watch) that TV programme We (watch) a good programme on TV last night He (read) that novel many times before He (read) that novel again last vacation I (have) a little trouble with my car last week However, I (have) no trouble with my car since then I (not see) John for a long time I (see) him weeks ago He is very thirsty He (not drink) since this morning They (study) at this school for years now 10 They (begin) to study at this school years ago 11 How long ago he (start) to learn French? 12 She (lose) her handbag on the train yesterday morning 13 His dog (just run) out of the garden 14 Mr Brown (travel) by air several times in the past 15 He (travel) _ to Mexico by air last summer IX The Past Simple Or The Past Continuous Tense Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense He (sit) in a bar when I (see) him When I (go) out, the sun (shine) The light (go) out while I (have) tea While he (learn) to drive, he (have) an accident We (walk) to the station when it (begin) to rain He (have) a bad fall when he (repair) his roof It (start) to rain when we (play) football in the schoolyard yesterday He (eat) three sandwiches while you (talk) to him The servant (drop) _ two cups while she (wash up) last night 10 While he (write) a letter, the telephone (ring) 11 Last night we (watch) TV when the power (fail) 12 When I (stand) at the bus stop, I (see) an accident 13 Yesterday I (walk) to school when I (find) a wallet on the street 14 When I (have) dinner yesterday, Peter (come) to our house 15 The thief (steal) the bike when Mai (look) for some books in the shop X The past simple or the past perfect tense Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect tense They (go) home after they (finish) their study Yesterday when I (arrive) to the party, the (already go) home After the guests (leave) , she (go) back into the living-room and (switch) off the light On arrival at home I (find) that she (just leave) just a few minutes before Before he (go) to bad, he (do) his homework When they (get) to the place, the man (die) He (do) _ nothing before he (see) _ me He (thank) me for what I (do) for him I (be) sorry that I (hurt) him 10 After they (go) , I (sit) down and (rest) 11 When I (arrive) _, the dinner (already, begin) 12 My friend (not see) _ me for many years when I (meet) _ last week 13 He (learn) English before he (leave) for England 14 In England, he soon (remember) all he (learn) before 15 They (tell) him they (not meet) him before 16 He (ask) why we (come) so early 17 She (say) that she (already, see) _ Dr Rice 18 By the time Bill (get) there, the meeting (start) 19 When we (arrive) at our place, we (find) that a burglar (break) in 20 Almost everybody (leave) _ for home by the time we (arrive) _ XI The simple present or the simple future tense Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present or the simple future tense We (go) out when the rain (stop) I (stay) _ here until he (answer) me Wait until I (catch) you I (be) _ ready before you (count) _ ten John must eat his breakfast before he (go) out Miss Helen (help) you as soon as she (finish) that letter He (tell) _ you when you (get) there She (not come) until you (be) _ ready He (tell) you when you (ask) him 10 I (come) _ and (see) you before I (leave) _ for England XII Mixed tenses: Exercise 1: Put the verb in the brackets in the correct tense We seldom (eat) before am I (not see) him since I (meet) him months ago Listen! I (think) _ someone (knock) _ the door I (get) _ up early the day before yesterday The earth (circle) the sun once every 365 days you (watch) _ TV last night? The workers (work) _ in the firm at the moment How many times _ you (see) him since he went to Edinburgh? Rivers usually (flow) to the sea 10 Look! The boy (cry) _ 11 Do you know that man, who (smoke) _ there 12 Mrs Green always (go) _to work by bus 13 We (be) from French We (be) there for 20 years 14 I (move) to another town next week 15 I (see) that film several times because I like it 16 She always (go) _ go to bed before her mother does 17 Mary (lose) _ her hat for days 18 you (take) _ a trip to London next week? 19 She rarely (take) a bath before dinner 20 He (not finish) _ doing it yet 21 He (not see) him since Christmas 22 In what year _ World War II (break) out? 23 The sun (set) in the West 24 They (live) _ in Ho Chi Minh City since 1975 25 He (come) _ here once years ago 26 We will go out when it (stop) _raining 27 She (read) all the books written by Dickens How many books _ you (read) _? 28 Alice and Mary (put) _ the dishes away right now 29 What you (do) _ at 10 am yesterday? 30 She (finish) her homework recently 31 He (just see) her 32 They (already show) _ the film 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 I’m sorry the car is not here I (just sell) it When _you (buy) your bicycle? I (know) Jack since we (be) students but I (not meet) him since we (leave) _ school in 1998 The Bakers (be) in New York for months you (spend) _ your holiday in Da lat last summer? We (visit) _ that city last year The farmer (work) _ in the field now John (see) that film sometimes My brother (use) this computer for years Mr Green (buy) a new tractor last month They (live) in this street for a long time My brother (play) _ football at the moment Mr Green (teach) French since he left London in 1997 She often (go) _ to school by bicycle but yesterday she (go) by bus Look! It (snow) _ She (not speak) _ to me since last week Up to now, Hoa (work) _ very hard HCM city (be) the largest city in Vietnam They (hold) the meeting recently Phong (sleep) _ right now He (live) in Hanoi since 2002 Long ago, my young brother often (cry) _ at night you (see) _ him recently? He (finish) his work since yesterday Peter and Daisy (be) born in 1978 Please be quite! You (make) so much noise so I can’t concentrate Look A man (run) after the train He (want) _ to catch it It (be) very cold now We (go) _ to the theatre last night He usually (write) in green ink She (play) _ the piano when our guests (arrive) _ last night We (do) English exercise at the moment She (just come) in and (see) you in minutes I (come) _ as soon as my study is finished (You be) ready? Where (you go) for your holiday last year? I (not leave) Paris since we (go) _ to Dieppe three years ago My mother (come) to stay with us next weekend We (meet) only yesterday and (already decide) to get married I (never see) snow Violets (bloom) in spring We (not live) _ in England for the last two months I (lose) my keys; I cannot remember where I last (see) them He (not arrive) when I (write) my last letter to you Whenever you (go) _ to town nowadays, you (spend) _ a lot of money I (never forget) what you (just tell) me They (prepare) the Christmas dinner today I (not see) John for a long time I (see) him weeks ago He is very thirsty He (not drink) since this morning Look at those black clouds It (rain) _ We (not see) _ her since we (be) _ on holiday in Ha Long bay Phuong (not finish) _ her homework yet Would you like some coffee? I just (make) _ some No one (use) _ this car for several years Last night when we (visit) _ him, he (do) _ an experiment on the upstairs The sewing machine which you (use) _ at present (invent) _ in 1830 by French 10 Although television was invented, => Despite / in spite of the invention of television, …… B PHẦN THỰC HÀNH Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences using the given phrase We took many pictures although the sky was cloudy >>In spite of We understand him in spite of his strong accent >> Although Although he is wealthy, he is not spoiled.>> Despite Despite a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.>> Though In spite of the high prices, my roommates go to the movies every Saturday >>Although Even though she had a poor memory, she told interesting stories to the children >>Despite In spite of their poverty, they are very generous >> Although Though she has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test.>> Despite In spite of Lee’s Sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile.>> Although 10 My friend ate the chocolate cake even though she was on a diet >>Despite 11 In spite of a headache, he enjoyed the film.>> Although 12 My sister will take a plane even though she dislikes flying.>>In spite of 13 He isn’t happy although he is very rich >>Despite 14 Even though he got a good job, he was not satisfied.>> Despite 15 Although he often tells lies, many people believe him.>> Despite 16 Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.>> Because of 17 She went to bed early because she felt tired >>Because of 18 Margaret stayed at home because her mother was sick.>> Because of 19 I couldn’t the test because it was difficult.>> Because of 20 I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark.>> Because of 21 I can’t study because it is noisy.>> Because of 22 The train come late because it was foggy.>> Because of 23 The train was late because the fog was thick.>> Because of 24 I can’t sleep because the weather is hot.>> Because of 25 All the teacher love him because his conduct is good.>> Because of 26 Because there was a traffic accident, I went to school late.>> Because of 27 Because there is a shortage of meet, we had to live on beans.>> Because of 28 Because there was a lack of water, many trees died rapidly.>> Because of 29 She walked slowly because her leg was injured.>> Because of 30 Because it was sunny, we decided to go camping.>> Because of 31 Although he worked very hard, he didn’t receive praise > Despite 32 Although he a physical handicap, he has become a successful businessman.> In spite of 40 33 Although it was cold, we went out > Despite 34 Despite of our careful plans, a lot of thing went wrong.> Although 35 She went home early because she didn’t feel well > Because of 36 I managed to go to sleep although there was a lot of noise > In spite of 37 The accident happened because of the driver’s careless > Because 38 Jane was worried because it had started to rain > Because of 39 The students arrived late because there was traffic jam >Because of 40 We have to cut down on driving because there was an oil shortage >Because of 41 Nancy told me the secret, despite having promised not to so >Although 42 In spite of her dislike for coffee, she drank it to keep herself warm >Although 43 Although he is an accountant, he never seems to have any money >In spite of 44 Although Henry is a millionaire, he hates spending money >Despite 45 He went on working although he felt unwell >In spite of 46 These students arrived late because they had an accident >Because of 47 All the students love the principal because of his kindness.>Because 48 English is learned by millions of students because it is important >Because of 49 He was able to such things although he lacked medical qualifications >Despite 50 They sleep soundly although the night air was hot >In spite of COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE A PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT I Comparative and superlative of adjective a Comparative N1 (To be) short Adj + ER than N2 N1 (To be) MORE + long Adj than N2 He is more intelligent than his brother Spain is bigger than England b Superlative S (to be) THE short Adj + EST S (to be) THE MOST long Adj Helen was the most beautiful woman in Greece Tom is the tallest in our class 41 c Equality N1 (to be) AS Adj AS N2 I am as intelligent as he She is as beautiful as her mother II Comparative and superlative of adverb a Comparative N1 V short Adv + ER than N2 N1 V MORE + long Adv than N2 He runs faster than I Peter speaks English more fluently than his brother b Superlative S V THE short Adv + EST S V THE MOST long Adv He speaks English the most fluently in our class He works the hardest in his family c Equality N1 V AS Adv AS N2 Tom runs as fast as his brother She dances as beautifully as I Irregular adjectives/adverbs Comparative Superlative Good/well better The best Bad/ badly worse The worst Many/much more The most little less The least Farther The farthest far further The furthest B PHẦN THỰC HÀNH A Comparative of adjective (So sánh tính từ) I So sánh hơn: Exercise 1: Write the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives Adjective cheap expensive young happy big busy Comparative Cheaper More expensive _ _ _ _ Superlative The cheapest The most expensive _ _ _ _ 42 intelligent beautiful bad 10 far 11 new 12 dangerous 13 thin 14 good 15 old 16 fat 17 hot 18 cold 19 clever 20 narrow 21 little 22 few 23 more 24 much 25 narrow _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Exercise 2: Supply the correct comparative form of adjective in brackets He is (intelligent) _more intelligent than his brother I have never had a (delicious) meal than that This jacket is too small I need a (large) size Its (cheap) to go by car than to go by train A new house is (expensive) than an old one His job is (important) than mine Nobody is (happy) than Miss Snow John is much (strong) than I thought Benches are (comfortable) than arm-chairs Bill is (good) than you thought 10 Sam’s conduct is (bad) than Paul’s Exercise 3: These boys are (intelligent) those boys  These boys are more intelligent than those boys Charles is (hard-working) Tom  He is (good) at English I  Lan is (pretty) her mother  This pen is (expensive) that pen  Those apples are (delicious) these apples  Ms Hoa is (attractive) Mrs Lan  This pen is (good) that pen  You look much (good) yesterday  Living in Paris is (expensive) living in Valencia  10 A car is (expensive) a bicycle  11 Tokyo is (large) Nha Trang  12 An elephant is (heavy) a horse  13 Spain is (big) England  14 My car is (bad) your car 43 15 Helen is (beautiful) Daisy  16 An aero plane is (fast) a plane  17 This exam is (difficult) the last exam  18 Old people are (intelligent) young people  19 Winter is (cold) autumn  20 My health is (good) years ago  21 I've got (little) money you but I don't mind  22 Learning French is (difficult) learning English  23 Dogs are (intelligent) cats  24 This river is (long) that river  25 He is (handsome) Peter  II So saùnh baèng Exrcise 1: He is (intelligent) his brother He is as intelligent as his brother A new house is (expensive) an old one  His job is (important) mine  Benches are (comfortable) arm-chairs  Bill is (good) Tom  Sam’s conduct is (bad) Paul’s Charles is (hard-working) Tom  He is (good) at English I  Lan is (pretty) her mother  This pen is (expensive) that pen  10 Those apples are (delicious) these apples  11 Ms Hoa is (attractive) Mrs Lan  12 This pen is (good) that pen  13 Living in Valencia is not (expensive) living in Paris is  14 A bicycle is not (expensive) a car  15 A horse is not (heavy) an elephant  16 England is (big) Spain  17 My car is (bad) your car  18 Helen is (beautiful) Daisy  19 An aero plane is (fast) a plane  20 This exam is (difficult) the last exam  21 Old people are not (intelligent) young people  22 Winter is not (hot) autumn  23 Learning English is (difficult) learning French  24 Cats are not (intelligent) dogs  25 I am not (intelligent) he  III So sánh He is (intelligent) student I have ever met  He is the most intelligent student I have ever met Its (difficult) decision I’ve ever made in years  Mr Bush is (delightful) person I have ever known  Dick is (careful) of the three workers  Peter is (tall) student in my class  What’s (good) film you have ever seen?  She is (old) child in the family  He is (intelligent) student in my class  Of the two sisters, Linda is (beautiful)  44 It is (interesting) book I have ever read  10 This is (big) house I have ever seen  B Comparative of adverb (So sánh trạng từ) I Comparative of adverbs (So sánh trạng từ) Exercise 1: Write the comparative and superlative forms of the adverbs Adverb 10 11 12 13 14 15 fast beautifully hard late well badly early quickly carefully accurately fluently dangerously clearly near often Comparative faster More beautifully _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Superlative The fastest The most beautifully _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Exercise 2: Supply the correct comparative form of the adverb in brackets Now I speak English (fluently) than last year  Now I speak English more fluently than last year She smiled (happy) than before  Could you write (clearly)?  Planes can fly (high) than some kinds of birds  He had an accident last year Now, he drives (careful) than before  Jim can run (fast) than John  Our team played (badly) of all  He worked (hard) than ever before  I don’t know (many) people in our neighborhood as you  The teacher speaks English (fluently) than we  10 She learns English (well) than me  II So sánh trạng từ: Write the following sentences using comparative: He can swim (well) she He can swim as well as she He speaks English (fluently) his teacher  Tom runs (quickly) John  She speaks English (clearly) you  She drives (carefully) you  Mary can type (accurately) as her teacher  We began studying English (early) you  He finished the test (rapidly) other students  She dances (beautiful) Jane  10 They don’t know (many) people we  11 They write (badly) than me  III So sánh trạng từ: Supply the correct superlative form of the adverb in brackets 45 10 This girl dances (gracefully) of all  This girl dances the most gracefully of all Our team played (badly) of all  Of the four shirts, I like the red one (well)  He speaks English (fluently) in my class  He can write (beautifully)  She sings (well)  Peter runs (quickly) in his class  He does test (carefully) in his class  They work (hard) in our village  She decorated the house (beautifully) in our family  David can swim (far) in the world  IT WAS NOT UNTIL….THAT A PHAÀN LÝ THUYẾT I Structure It was not until + phrase (cụm từ)/ clause (mệnh đề) That S + V  Notes: phrase/ clause thời gian II Meaning It was not until… that (Mãi đến khi… thì…) dùng để nhấn mạnh thời điểm bắt đầu hành động, việc, kiện đó(thøng khư)ù He didn’t study English until he was eleven  It was not until he was eleven that he studied English She didn’t know the answer until last night  It was not until last night that she knew the answer B PHẦN THỰC HÀNH She didn’t recover her confidence until that morning I was not until ………………………………………………… He didn’t arrive at the office until half past nine It was not until …………………………………………………… Mary didn’t work for the UN until 2004 It was not until……………………………………………………… I didn’t know how to ride a bicycle until I was 15 It was not until ……………………………………………………… John didn’t finish reading my book until last Saturday It was not until …………………………………………………… I didn’t like chocolate until I went to university It was not until………………………………………………… No one could leave the stadium until 2.30 It was not until……………………………………………………… She wasn’t allowed to open her presents until her birthday It was not until……………………………………………………… We didn’t have any holidays until last summer It was not until……………………………………………………… 46 10 She didn’t stop learning German until the age of 24 It was not until……………………………………………………… 11 I couldn’t finish my project until Mark helped me It was not until……………………………………………………… 12 They didn’t pay the bill until the electricity was cut off It was not until……………………………………………………… 13 I didn’t sleep until midnight It was not until……………………………………………………… 14 I couldn’t comment further until I had all the information It was not until……………………………………………………… 15 He didn’t return to his native village until the war ended It was not until……………………………………………………… ATTITUDINAL ADJECTIVE A PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT Tính từ thái độ hay tính từ tận –ing hay –ed dùng sau: Chủ từ từ đồ vật/sự việc  Chúng ta dùng tính từ tận _ing Chủ từ từ người  Chúng ta dùng tính từ tận –ed Notes: He is a boring teacher (We feel bored with his lessons.) He is bored with the class (He feels bored and the class is boring) B PHẦN THỰC HÀNH Exercise 1: It’s been raining all day I hate this weather (depress) A The weather is _ B This weather makes me _ Astronomy is one of Tom’s main interests (interest) A Tom is in astronomy B He finds astronomy very I turned off the television in the middle of the programme (bore) A The programme was B I was Ann is going to American next month She has never been there before (excite) A She is really about going B It will be an experience for her Diana teaches young children It’s a hard job (exhaust) A She often finds her job B At the end of the day’s work she is often Exercise 2: 47 We were all horrifying/horrified when we heard about the disaster It’s sometimes embarrassing/embarrassed when you have to ask people for money Are you interesting/interested in football? I enjoyed the football match It was quite exciting/excited It was a really terrifying/terrified experience Afterwards everybody was very shocking/shocked I had never expected to be offered the job I was really amazing/amazed when I was offered it The kitchen hadn’t been cleaned for ages It was really disgusting/disgusted Do you easily get embarrassing/embarrassed? At first I thought Jake was an interesting/interested guy, but tonight I felt somewhat boring/bored with his company 10 She was really learnt very fast She has made astonishing/astonished progress 11 I was very disappointing/disappointed not to get the job 12 Philip was exceptionally annoying/annoyed at Joanne’s behavior 13 I thought the program on wildlife was fascinating/fascinated I was absolutely fascinating/fascinated 14 The journey took all day and night They found it very tiring/tired 15 Did Tim feel frightening/frightened when he saw the snake at his feet? 16 Why you always look so boring/bored? Is your life really so boring/bored? 17 The news is very surprising/surprised I am surprising/surprised at the news 18 Liz is a very interesting/interested person She knows a lot, and she has done lots of different things 19 He is a boring/bored teacher His lessons are boring/bored 20 I seldom visit art galleries I’m not particularly interesting/interested in art Exercise 3: Choose the best answers The audience was by the delay of the performance a irritate b irritating c irritated d irritates The children were by all the toys in the shop windows a fascinated b fascinating c fascinates d fascinate She is very beautiful with smile a fascinated b fascinating c fascinates d fascinate Ha Noi is a very city a excite b excitement c excited d exciting There was a football match on TV yesterday We were very when Vietnam scored a goal a excite b to excite c exciting d excited His parents are excited his returning home after a long time’s living abroad a with b of c about d on Horry films me a terrify b are terrifying c terrifies d are terrified I am horror films a terrifying of b terrified about c terrified of d to terrify Natural disasters have been recently a terrifying b terrified c terrify d to terrify 10 Are you of dogs? a frighten b frightening c frightened d to frighten 11 I don’t like him He is a man 48 a bore b boring c bored d bores 12 I am doing the same every day a bored about b boring of c bore in d bored with 13 He is a bad student so his passing the exam us a surprised b was surprising c were surprised d surprise 14 We were all surprised his passing the exam a with b at c on d to 15 The results of my son’s study are really a surprising b surprised c surprise d surprises 16 Mr Bill’s comedies are a amuse b amused c amusing d amuses 17 We are all by his funny stories a amuse b is amused c amusing d amused 18 His compliment on her new dress her a amuse b amused c amusing d amuses 19 I always feel when telling a lie a embarrassed b embarrass c embarrassing d to embarrass 20 He is interested a to fish b at fish c in fishing d fished 21 I am fond of talking to him He is a very man a interesting b interested c interest d interests 22 His answer me a was disappointing b was disappointed c disappointed d disappoint 23 The mother was with her son’s study results a was disappointing b was disappointed c disappointed d disappoint 24 He finds it to tease his young sister a interest b interested c interesting d to interest 25 After walking a long way he felt so he sat down for a rest a exhaust b exhausted c exhausting d to exhaust SOME OTHER GRAMMAR POINTS I a b c Adverb of frequency Phần lí thuyết Trạng từ mức độ thường xuyên bao gồm: always, usually, often sometimes, normally, occasionally, as a rule, hardly ever,never…  Vị trí trạng từ câu: Luôn đứng sau động từ to be He is always early for work Trước động từ thường He sometimes plays sports with friends Sau trợ động từ, có nhiều trợ đồng từ, trạng từ đứng sau trạng từ thú He will often go to the library Phần thực hành Are the adverbs in the right position or not? If they are correct, put a tick If they are not, write the correct answer He sings always when he has a shower _ I just bought a new car _ 49 10 II He speaks fluently English _ He has been to London never before _ They are at home these days hardly ever _ I have always to phone Jim _ He goes often to the cinema at weekends _ It occasionally rains in this region _ He is often late for school _ Lan practices often speaking English _ The + adjective Phần lí thuyết The + adjective dùng danh từ để nhóm có nghóa số nhiều They are going to build a new school for the blind The rich are not always happy Phần thực hành The rich the sick the injured the unemployed have a lot of money Ambulances arrived at the scene of the accident and took to hospital _ are often more energetic than the old The number of _ has increased recently He is a kind doctor He is always willing to take care of III Used to Phần lí thuyết Form: used to Vo Use: Dùng để diễn tả thói quen, tình khứ mà không Phần thực hành Put the verb in the brackets in the correct form: My father used to (smoke) 30 cigarrettes a day He is used to (write) with his right hand When I was young, I (not use) to go out for a walk you (use to) live here? There used to (be) _trees in this area IV Will Vs be going to Phần lí thuyết Be going to  Sự kiện định trước nói  Sự tiên đoán kiện chắn xảy có dấu hiệu hay chứng  Sự kiện xảy tương lai gần Phần thực hành the young A: I have go a terrible headache B: Have you? Wait there and I (get) an asparin for you A: Why are you filling that bucket with water? B: I (wash) the car A: I have decided to re-paint this room B oh, Have you? What color you (paint) it? A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping? B: Yes, I (buy) _something for dinner 50 A: I can’t work out how to use this camera B It’s quite easy I (show) you V Articles Phần lí thuyết Indefinite Articles: A/ AN A/An dùng trước: - Danh từ đếm được, số Ex: a doctor, a bag, an animal, an hour……… *An: đứng trước nguyên âm “h” câm Ex: an aminal, an hour……… - Trong cấu trúc: so + adj + a/an + noun Ex: She is so pretty a girl such + a/an + noun - It’s such a beautiful picture as + adj + a/an + noun + as - She is as pretty a girl as her sister How + adj + a/an + noun + verb! - How beautiful a girl you are! - Chỉ người đề cập qua teân Ex: A Mrs Blue sent you this letter - Trước danh từ ngữ đồng vị Ex: Nguyen Du, a great poet, wrote that novel - Trong caùc cụm từ số lượng Ex: a pair, a couple, a lot of, a little, a few, a large/great number of…… A/An không dùng: - ONE sử dụng thay A/An để nhấn mạnh Ex: There is a book on the table, but one is not enough - Trước danh từ không đếm Ex: Coffee is also a kind of drink - Trước danh từ đếm số nhiều Definite Article: THE THE dùng trước: - Những vật Ex: Dogs are faithful amimals Ex: the sun, the moon, the world… - Các danh từ xác định cụm tính từ -The house with green fence is hers mệnh đề tính từ -The man that we met has just come - Các danh từ xác định qua ngữ cảnh Ex: Finally, the writer killed himself đề cập trước - I have a book and an eraser The book is now on the table - Caùc danh từ giải trí Ex:the theater,the concert,the church - Trước tên tàu thuyền, máy bay Ex: The Titanic was a great ship - Các sông, biển, đại dương, dãy núi… Ex: the Mekong River, the China Sea,the Pacific Ocean,the Himalayas - Một nhóm đảo quốc gia Ex: the Philippines, the united States - Tính từ dùng danh từ tập hợp Ex: You should help the poor - Trong so sánh Ex: Nam is the cleverest in his class - Tên người số nhiều (chỉ gia đình) Ex:The Blacks, The Blues, the Nams - Các danh từ đại diện cho loài Ex: The cat is a lovely home pet - Các trạng từ thời gian, nơi chốn Ex: in the morning, in the street, in the water… -Số thứ tự Ex: the first, the second, the third… - Chuỗi thời gian khoâng gian Ex: the next, the following, the last THE không dùng: - Trước danh từ số nhiều nói chung Ex: They build houses near the hall - Danh từ trừu tượng, không đếm Ex: Independence is a happy thing - Các danh từ màu sắc Ex: Red and white make pink - Các môn học Ex: Math is her worst subject 51 - Các vật liệu, kim loại Ex: Steel is made from iron - Các tên nước, châu lục, thành phố Ex:Ha Noi is the capital of VietNam - Các chức danh, tên người Ex: President Bill Clinton, Ba, Nga - Các bữa ăn, ăn, thức ăn Ex: We have rice and fish for dinner - Các trò chơi, thể thao Ex: Football is a popular sport in VN - Caùc loại bệnh tật Ex: Cold is a common disease - Ngôn ngữ, tiếng nói Ex:English is being used everywhere Ex: Tet, Christmas, Valentine… Ex: Cape Horn, Lake Than Tho, Mount Caám, Mount Rushmore… *But: the Cape of Good Hope, the Great Lake, the Mount of Olive…… - Các kì nghỉ, lễ hội - Các mũi đất (nhô biển), hồ, núi Phần thực hành Exercise 1: Choose the best answer: Salem doesn’t like talkative people A × B the C many It’s true that rich lead a different life from the poor A an B a C the Mary lives in Canada near Lake Ontario A the B × C a The explorer crossed .Pacific Ocean in a canoe A an B a C the She has been playing flute for ten years A an B a C the For breakfast we usually have coffee and toast A an B a C the What time you start work in the morning? A an B a C the Barbara hopes to go to university next year A an B a C the They went on a cruise down Nile and saw the Pyramids A an B a C the 10 Sarah thinks life is more difficult in a foreign country A an B a C the 11 The judge sentenced the thief to six months in prison A an B a C the 12 I’ve noticed that Spanish eat a lot of vegetables A an B a C the 13 A volcano has erupted in .Philippines recently A an B a C the 14 examinations always make him nervous A an B a C the 15 We went to cinema twice a month A an B a C the Exercise 2: Supply a suitable article This is …easy question Please speak …little louder May I have your…phone number? D a D × D an D no article D × D × D × D × D × D × D × D × D many D × D some 52 May I ask you …question? A man decided to rob bank in the town where he lived He walked into _bank and handed _note to one of cashiers. _cashier read _note which told her to give _man some money Afraid that he might have _gun, she did as she was told man then walked out of building, leaving note behind However, he had no time to spend ………money because he was arrested … same day He had made …… mistake He had written ……… note on back of …… envelope And on … other side of ….envelope was his name and address This clue was quite enough for …… detective on the case 53 54 ... to brush her teeth yesterday A forget B forgot C forgetting D was forgetting Ba his room yesterday afternoon A clean and tidy B cleaned and tidied C cleaned and tidy What yesterday... 10 I (come) _ and (see) you before I (leave) _ for England XII Mixed tenses: Exercise 1: Put the verb in the brackets in the correct tense We seldom (eat) before am I (not see)... see) _ me for many years when I (meet) _ last week 13 He (learn) English before he (leave) for England 14 In England, he soon (remember) all he (learn) before 15 They