Chuyển đổi từ hiện tại hoàn thành sang quá khứ đơn (và ngược lại)

DẠNG 1 : ChUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH SANG QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN ( VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI ) Dạng này có các mẫu sau đây , công thức thì không có nên mình chỉ đưa ra các ví dụ trong đó có các chổ tô màu là những dấu hiệu để nhận dạng ra công thức. 1. This is the first time I have seen him (đây là lần đầu tôi thấy anh ta ) =>I have never seen him before. ( tôi chưa bao giờ thấy anh ta trước đây ) Mẫu này có dạng : Đây là lần đầu tiên . làm chuyện đó => .chưa bao giờ làm chuyện đó trước đây. The first time : lần đầu tiên Never .before : chưa bao giờ trước đây 2. I started / begun studying English 3 years ago. (tôi bắt đầu học TA cách đây 3 năm ) => I have studied English for 3 years. ( tôi học TA được 3 năm ) Mẫu này có dạng : .bắt đầu làm gì đó cách đây + khoảng thời gian => đã làm chuyện đó for + khoảng thời gian Nếu không có ago mà có when + mệnh đề thì giử nguyên mệnh đề chỉ đổi when thành since thôi 3. I last saw him when I was a student.( lần cuồi cùng tôi thấy anh ta là khi tôi là SV ) => I haven't seen him since I was a student.( tôi đã không thấy anh ta từ khi tôi là SV ) Mẫu này có dạng : Lần cuối cùng làm chuyện đó là khi => không làm chuyện đó từ khi Last : lần cuối Since : từ khi 4. The last time she went out with him was two years ago.(lần cuối cô ta đi chơi với anh ta cách đây 2 năm ) => She hasn't gone out with him for two years.( cô ta đã không đi chơi với anh ta đã 2 năm nay ) Tương tự mẫu 3 nhưng khác phần sau thôi 5. It's ten years since I last met him.(đã 10 năm từ khi tôi gặp anh ta lần cuối ) => I haven't met him for ten years . ( tôi đã không gặp anh ta 10 năm rồi ) Mẫu này có dạng : Đã khoảng thời gian từ khi làm gì đó lần cuối => không làm việc đó được + khoảng thời gian 6. When did you buy it ? ( bạn đã mua nó khi nào ? => How long have you bought ? ( bạn đã mua nó được bao lâu ? ) Mẫu này có dạng : when : thì dùng quá khứ đơn How long : thì dùng hiện tại hoàn thànhViết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa: 1) This is the first time he went abroad. => He hasn’t…… 2) She started driving 1 month ago. => She has…… 3) We began eating when it started to rain. => We have…… 4) I last had my hair cut when I left her. => I haven’t…. 5) The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago. => She hasn’t…. 6) It is a long time since we last met. => We haven’t… 7) When did you have it ? => How long … ? 8) This is the first time I had such a delicious meal . => I haven’t… 9) I haven’t seen him for 8 days. => The last … 10) I haven’t taken a bath since Monday. => It is …. DẠNG 2 CÁC DẠNG ĐỀ THƯỜNG GẶP VỀ TOO .TO , SO THAT, SUCH THAT , ENOUGH : 1) ĐỔI TỪ SO THAT SANG SUCH THAT : N + BE + SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE => ĐẠI TỪ + BE Cách làm : Thêm such ( a,an) đem tính từ xuống ,đem danh từ xuống ,từ that trở đi viết lại hết => ĐẠI TỪ + BE SUCH ( A,AN ) ADJ + N + THAT CLAUSE The book is so interesting that I have read it many times. It is . => It is such an interesting book that I have read it many times. Nếu danh từ là số ít hoặc không đếm được thì không có a, an 2) ĐỔI TỪ SO THAT SANG TOO .TO : Đề có dạng : S + BE +SO + ADJ + THAT + CLAUSE => S + BE + TOO Cách làm : Thêm tính từ vào , bỏ can't ,couldn't lấy từ động từ trở đi Nếu chủ từ 2 câu khác nhau thì thêm phần for sb Nếu túc từ câu sau giống chủ từ câu đầu thì bỏ túc từ đó đi => S + BE + TOO + adj +( FOR SB ) TO INF . The water is so hot that I can't drink it. => The water is too . => The water is too hot for me to drink. - Nếu đổi nguợc lại từ TOO .TO sang SO THAT thì thường sai nhất là việc quên thêm túc từ vào và chia sai thì 3) ĐỔI TỪ TOO .TO SANG ENOUGH : Đề thường có dạng : S + BE + TOO + ADJ + TO INF => S + BE NOT . Cách làm : - Dùng tính từ phản nghĩa + enough - Viết lại hết phần sau He is too weak to run fast => He isn't => He isn't strong enough to run fast. Ghi chú :Trong tất cả các cấu trúc trên nếu chổ BE là V thì ADV sẽ thay cho ADJ Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa: 1) The room is so tidy that it took us one hour to clean it. => It is 2) The man is so fool that no one took any notice of him. => He is 3) The film is so long that they can't broadcast it on one night. => It is . 4) The books are so interesting that we have read them many times. => They are . 5) The news was so bad that she burst into tears on hearing it. => It was 6) The food was so hot that it turned my tongue. => It was . 7) There is so much rain that we can't go out. => There is such 8) The boy is so fat that every calls him Stuffy. => He is 9) The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more. => It is 10) The weather was so warm that they had a walk in the garden. => It was 11) There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him. => There were such . 12) The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly. => It was . 13) They drank so much coffee that they couldn't sleep all night. => They drunk such . 14) Alice had so many exercises to do that she couldn't go out. => Alice had such . 15) The woman was so poor that she needed everyone's help. => She was . Key 1) The room is so tidy that it took us one hour to clean it. => It is such a tidy room that it took us one hour to clean it. 2) The man is so fool that no one took any notice of him. => He is such a foolish man that no one took any notice of him. 3) The film is so long that they can't broadcast it on one night. => It is such a long film that they can't broadcast it on one night. 4) The books are so interesting that we have read them many times. => They are such interesting books that we have read them many times. 5) The news was so bad that she burst into tears on hearing it. => It was bad enough for her to burst into tears on hearing it. 6) The food was so hot that it turned my tongue. => It was hot enough to turn my tongue. 7) There is so much rain that we can't go out. => There is such a lot of rain that we can't go out. 8) The boy is so fat that every calls him Stuffy. => He is fat enough to be called Stuffy. 9) The milk is so excellent that all the children want some more. => It is too excellent for children to want some more. 10) The weather was so warm that they had a walk in the garden. => It was warm enough for them to have a walk in the garden. 11) There were so many people in the hall that we couldn't see him. => There were such a lot of people in the hall that we couldn't see him. 12) The match was so exciting that all the fans shouted loudly. => It was such an exciting match that all the fans shouted loudly. 13) They drank so much coffee that they couldn't sleep all night. => They drunk such a lot of coffee that they couldn't sleep all night. 14) Alice had so many exercises to do that she couldn't go out. => Alice had such a lot of exercises to do that she couldn't go out. 15) The woman was so poor that she needed everyone's help. => She was too poor to be needed everyone's help. DẠNG 3 VIẾT LẠI CÂU DÙNG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN : IF TRong chương trình lớp 9 chúng ta chỉ cần học câu điều kiện loại 1 và 2 mà thôi, công thức như sau: LOẠI 1 : Bên có IF dùng thì hiện tại đơn Bên không có IF dùng tương lai đơn LOẠI 2 : Bên có IF dùng thì quá khứ đơn ( thay was = were) Bên không có IF dùng tương lai trong quá khứ ( would + nguyên mẫu ) - Can/ could có thể thay thế will/ would CÁCH CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU THƯỜNG SANG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN: - Nếu câu đề là hiện tại - hiện tại / tương lai thì dùng loại 2 + phản nghĩa . It is rainy. I can't go to school. If => If it weren't rainy, I could go to school. - Nếu câu đề là : tưong lai - tương lai thì dùng loại 1 (không phản nghĩa ) I will go to VT. I will buy you a present. If . If I go to VT, I will buy you a present. - Nếu câu đề là : Don’t V…….or + mệnh đề thì viết lại là : If you V ( viết lại hết ,bỏ or ) Don’t go out or you will get wet. => if you go out, you will get wet. - Nếu câu đề là: V …….or + mệnh đề thì viết lại là : If you don’t V ( viết lại hết ,bỏ or ) Raise your hand or I will kill you. => If you don’t raise your hand, I will kill you. Lưu ý : Nếu trong câu có because , so(= that’s why) thì phải bỏ ( đặt if vào chổ because , còn so(= that’s why) thì ngựoc lại ) 1) He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam. => If……. 2) She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam. If……. 3) He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car. => If……. 4) He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough. => If……. 5) She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party. => If……. 6) I will get a work permit. I will stay for another month. => If……. 7) He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy => If……. 8) We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change. => If……. 9) Study hard or you won’t pass the exam. => If……. 10) Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes. If……. key1) He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam. => If he had to study for his exam, he could go out. 2) She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam. =>If she were lazy, she could pass the exam. 3) He will pay me tonight; I will have enough money to buy a car. => If he pays me tonight, I will have enough money to buy a car. 4) He smokes too much; that’s why he can’t get rid of his cough. => If he didn’t smoke too much, he could get rid of his cough. 5) She is very shy, so she doesn’t enjoy the party. => If she weren’t very shy, she would enjoy the party. 6) I will get a work permit. I will stay for another month. => If I don’t get a work permit, I won’t stay for another month. 7) He doesn’t take any exercises. He is so unhealthy => If he took any exaecises, he were so healthy. 8) We can’t get the ticket because I don’t have the right change. => If we could get the ticket, I would have the right change. 9) Study hard or you won’t pass the exam. => If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 10) Don’t be impatient or you will make mistakes. => If you are impatient, you will make mistakes. DẠNG 4 CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA SO SÁNH HƠN / BẰNG / NHẤT Để làm được phần này các bạn phải nắm vững công thức của các dạng so sánh tính từ /trạng từ. Các dạng đề thường cho là : 1) A hơn B <=> B không bằng A Nguyên tắc : Nếu đề cho so sánh hơn thì ta đổi thành so sánh bằng + phủ định ví dụ : Tom is taller than Mary : Tom cao hơn Mary Mary is . => Mary is not nottall as Tom : Mary không cao bằng Tom 2) không ai . bằng A <=> A là .nhất Nguyên tắc : So sánh bằng => so sánh nhất ví dụ : No one in the class is as tall as Tom: không ai trong lớp cao bằng Tom => Tom is . => Tom is the tallest in the class. Tom cao nhất lớp Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa : 1) Nobody else in the class is fatter than Mary. => Mary is the …. 2) I haven’t written as much as you. => You have written… 3) Tom’s hair was not as long as Mary’s. => Mary’s hair was…. 4) No student in the school is noisier than I am. => I am the … 5) The first film was not as interesting as this one. => This film was … 6) This house is not so expensive as that one. => That house is the … 7) My dog ate more than your dog. => Your dog didn’t …. 8) Volleyball is not as exciting as football. => Football is ……. 9) Tom isn’t as interested in movies as his father. => Tom’s father is …. 10) Mary is the best cook in this class. => No one else …. Key Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa : 1) Nobody else in the class is fatter than Mary. => Mary is the fattest in the class 2) I haven’t written as much as you. => You have written more than me 3) Tom’s hair was not as long as Mary’s. => Mary’s hair was longer than Tom's 4) No student in the school is noisier than I am. => I am the noisiest student in the school 5) The first film was not as interesting as this one. => This film was more interesting than the first one 6) This house is not so expensive as that one. => That house is the most expensive house 7) My dog ate more than your dog. => Your dog didn’t eat as much as mine 8) Volleyball is not as exciting as football. => Football is more exciting than volleyball 9) Tom isn’t as interested in movies as his father. => Tom’s father is interested in movies more than Tom 10) Mary is the best cook in this class. => No one else in this class cook better than Mary DẠNG 5 CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ DANH TỪ CHỈ NGƯỜI Các dạng đề thường cho là : S + V + ADV => S +BE + (a/an) ADJ + N (ngừoi) Cách làm : - Đổi động từ thành danh từ chỉ ngừoi - Đổi trạng từ thành tính từ ,đem đặt trứoc danh từ ví dụ : Tom drives carefully. ( Tom lái xe cẩn thận ) => Tom is => Tom is a careful driver.( Tom là một tài xế cẩn thận ) Một số cách đổi động từ thành danh từ chỉ nguời : Thông thường chỉ việc thêm ER sau động từ, nhưng có một số ngoại lệ sau: Study => student Type => typist cycle => cyclist Cook => cook ( không dùng cooker nhé ! ) Play guitar => guitarist Nếu có động từ play + môn chơi thể thao thì đặt môn chơi trước chữ player: Play football => football player 1) She cooks very well. She is a ………. 2) My aunt teaches English very well. => My aunt is ………. 3) He cycles very slowly. He is……… 4) He types carefully. => He is ………. 5) These children are quick runners. => These children can …… 6) My father plays soccer very well. => My father is a ……… 7) I drive very badly. => I am a… 8) She sings very beautifully. => She is a……… 9) He works very hard. => He is……… 10) Tom swims very fast. Tom is ……… Key 1) She cooks very well. She is a good cook 2) My aunt teaches English very well. => My aunt is a good English teacher 3) He cycles very slowly. He is a slow cyclist 4) He types carefully. => He is careful typer 5) These children are quick runners. => These children can run quickly 6) My father plays soccer very well. => My father is a good soccer player 7) I drive very badly. => I am a bad driver 8) She sings very beautifully. => She is a beautiful singer 9) He works very hard. => He is a hard worker 10) Tom swims very fast. Tom is a fast swimmer DẠNG 6 CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUA LẠI GIỮA Although/ though <=> despite / in spite of Nguyên tắc chung cần nhớ là : Although/ though + mệnh đề Despite / in spite of + cụm từ Các công thức biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ như sau: 1) Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề giống nhau: - Bỏ chủ từ ,động từ thêm ING . Although Tom got up late, he got to school on time. => Despite / in spite of getting up late, Tom got to school on time. 1) Nếu chủ từ là danh từ + be + tính từ - Đem tính từ đặt trứoc danh từ ,bỏ to be Although the rain is heavy, . => Despite / in spite of the heavy rain, 3) Nếu chủ từ là đại từ + be + tính từ : - Đổi đại từ thành sỡ hửu ,đổi tính từ thành danh từ ,bỏ be Although He was sick, => Despite / in spite of his sickness, . 4) Nếu chủ từ là đại từ + động từ + trạng từ - Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ ,trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ Although He behaved impolitely, . => Despite / in spite of his impolite behavior , . 5) Nếu câu có dạng : there be + danh từ Hoặc : S + have + N - Thì bỏ there be Although there was an accident , . => Despite / in spite of an accident, Công thức này cũng áp dụng cho biến đổi từ BECAUSE -> BECAUSE OF BÀI TẬP 1 : Viết lại câu không thay đổi nghĩa: 1) Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well. => In spite of …… 2) Mary could not go to school because she was sick. Because of …. 3) Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time. => Despite …. 4) My mother told me to go to school although I was sick. => In spite of …. 5) Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home. => Because of …. 6) Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad. Despite …. 7) Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman. => Despite …. 8) In spite of his god salary, Tom gave up his job. => Although…. 9) Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep. => In spite of …… 10) In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies. => Even though …… Key 1) Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well. => In spite of his poverty, Tom studied very well 2) Mary could not go to school because she was sick. =>Because of her sickness, Mary couldn't go to school 3) Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time. => Despite the bad weather, she went to school on time 4) My mother told me to go to school although I was sick. => In spite of my sickness, my mother told me to go to school 5) Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home. => Because of the big storm, I stayed at home 6) Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad. =>Despite the bad grades, Tom was admitted to the university 7) Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman. => Despite having a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman. 8) In spite of his good salary, Tom gave up his job. => Although Tom get good salary, heb gave up his job 9) Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep. => In spite of not having finished the paper, he went to sleep 10) In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies. => Even though the prices are high, my daughter insists on going to the movies . sickness, . 4) Nếu chủ từ là đại từ + động từ + trạng từ - Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ ,trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ Although He. DẠNG 1 : ChUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH SANG QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN ( VÀ NGƯỢC LẠI ) Dạng này có các mẫu sau đây , công thức