chuong 2.PDF

41 2.THINGHIEM XUYEN CON CHUONG CHUONG a ^ THINGHIEMXUYENCON (CPT) rHrEu 2.1.GJar 1N G U Y E N LY c goi ld thi nghi€m Thf nghiem xuyOncdn (CPT- Cone PenetrationTest),cdn du-o xuy€n tinh mh d6, ngudi ta xuyen vdo ddt mdt chuj' xuy6n hinh c6n; lub llm xuyenlh luc 6p tinh Trong qu6 trinh xuyOn,ngudi ta sfc kh6ng xuy€n cira ddt fng v6i mfri xuyen - kf hiOulh q" - vd sfc kh6ng crja ddt vdi bd mf,t mf,ng s6ng thlnh b€n cuaxuyOn- kf hiOul) ( 2L | C HS C p r Thi nghiom CPT bdng co hoc (MCPT, tfc ld mechanicalCPT) ddu ti6n duoc thuc hi6n vho nim l93l tai Hh Lan N[m 1946,cocdu gia luc tdi da cua CPT li 2,5 rdn rhi nim 1948d5 tang 10nddn 10 tdn Nam 1953co cdu gia luc bang thfry luc ldn c gi6i thiOu6 Ph6p ddu tiOndu-o Nam 1948,nhidu cdng ty o Hh Lan bat ddu nghi€n cfu dua loai c6n bang dien (ECPT,tfc lh Electric CPT) N[m 1964,COngty Furgo (Hd Lan) b6t ddu sir dung ECPTrOngrdi thu Nam 1975,mot vdng d6 tham dd i{p luc nudc 16r6ng (u) lAn ddu ti€n du-o.c nghiem.Thi nghiem nhy goi le CPIU hay Piezo-coneCPT Ngiy c6c thidt bi CPT hi€n dai ddu duoc bang diOn vi c6 nang duoc rip luc nu6c 16 r6ng, d6 CPTUthudngduo.chitiu le ECPTU Nhfrng rhf nghiem CFrI tho so thulng khOngxuy0n qua duoc c6c l6p c6t tuong doi chat, s6t d,6ocftngl nfta crlng Vdi su phrit tridn nhu vu bdo ctra tidn bd khoa hoc k! thudt,su tinh xAo vd khA nang cfra thi nghi€m CPT ngly clng duoc nAngcao Hi0n nay,CPT su dung ddi lon (40 tdn, thAmchi l6n hon) c6 thd xuy€n qua moi loai 42 THiNGHIEM DATHIENTRUdNG VAu{G DUNG TRoNGPHANTICIINENMoNG det, tir s6t rdt cfrng, c6t rdt chiit cl&r cir soi cu6i chlrt vita cfrng nhu mOt so loai d/a Miry xuy€n AMAP'sols cira PhripIll (mfri c6n bang th6p rot dd trdnh bi phd hoai), vdi ddi rrong 26 tdn, dh c6 thd xuy€n c6n qua moi loai dat, dri, s6i mir sfc khring mui ldn tdi l4tt MPa Khi Sip dri cfng hon nfra,m6y AMAP'sols sE chuyen sang che'do xuy€n d6ng cld c6ng ph6 nhfrngldp dd ndy Tai m6r vDngdat Lyon (Phdp),miiy xuy€n Goudachi c6 thd xuy6n t6i hoic m vi g4p lop dd phdn thi m6y xuyOnAMAp'sols c6 th€ xuy€nsAukhoing 35 + 45 m v6i 15 +24 m ndm d6 phdn [] Vdi sriccOngphri lon nhu vAy.c6c miiy xuy€n hi€n dai rhdm chf cbn sri dung dd xuy€n kidm tra xem rrlr vAt li6u rdi (tru dd s6i, coc c6t) c6 duo c thi c6ng du chat hay kh6ng.Cdn vd d6 sAu,m6t nhfrngthf nghiOmCPT sAunhdt ld & Bologna ( Y ) - d Qs a u3 0 m [ ] C6c h)nh dudi ddy minh hoa c6c loai giln khoan CPT c6 ddi ndng nhe khiic nhau; thAm chi c6 loai gidn khoan biinh xinh dilng cldrhi c6ng rr0n moi dia hinh H i n h T h i n g h i mx u y n c o n M C p T (ddi c0) loai quay tay cria Thuy Didn Hinh 2.2 Giin ECPT loai nhe Hinh 2.3 H6 thong n6n thriy luc dd'y cdn xuy6n XUYEN CHIJONG THfNGHIEM CON Hinh 2.4 Neo truc ti6p MCPT xu6ng dil Hinh 2.5 C0ng MGPT6 trintr2.4, c6 the dit n6 16nthirng chiec xe tii dd tdng th6m doi Hinh 2.2 Giin GPT b6nh xich Hinh2.8 Xuy6n dang thuc hi6n drr6i gdm xe vir m5y tinh ghi kdt qrri xuy6n 44 THfNGHIEM OATHIENTRUdNG VALNGDUNG TRONG PHANTfcHNENMoNG e% Hinh 2.9 M6t so loai xe CPT hdfig ndng (tr6n 40 tdn) 45 CON XUYEN 2.THfNGHIEM CHUONG CPT N O ID U N GT H i N G H I E M 2.2.1.CACTHANHPHANC(JNTHIETBI Nhlrng bd phAnchu ydu cira m6y xuy6n l) chily (hay ddu mfri) xuy€n, mittgx6ng, cdn xuyOn,co cdu gia luc vI luc, gi6 dd vh hOneo Chu! xuy€n c6 mffi nhon g6c o dinh 600,tidt dien ngangtil den 20 cmr (mdy AMAP'sol c6 thd lap cric loai til l0 ddn 50 cmz).Loai c6n phd dung nhdt c6 tiet diOnngangl}r A - 10 cm2(du